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http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.2.183

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Induced Migration and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Smooth Muscle Cells  

Song, Hae-Young (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University)
Shin, Sang-Hun (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University)
Kim, Min-Young (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University)
Kim, Jae-Ho (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.21, no.2, 2011 , pp. 183-193 More about this Journal
Abstract
Migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are crucial for tissue regeneration in response to injury. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates a variety of biological processes, including proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility. In the present study, we determined the role of S1P in migration and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). S1P stimulated migration of BMSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and pre-incubation of the cells with pertussis toxin completely abrogated S1P-induced migration, suggesting involvement of Gi-coupled receptors in S1P-induced cell migration. S1P elicited elevation of intracellular concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) and pretreatment with VPC23019, an antagonist of $S1P_1/S1P_3$, blocked S1P-induced migration and increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous $S1P_1$ attenuated S1P-induced migration of BMSCs. Furthermore, S1P treatment induced expression of $\alpha$-smooth muscle actin ($\alpha$-SMA), a smooth muscle marker, and pretreatment with VPC23019 abrogated S1P-induced $\alpha$-SMA expression. S1P induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and pretreatment of cells with SB202190, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, or adenoviral overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of the p38 MAPK blocked S1P-induced cell migration and $\alpha$-SMA expression. Taken together, these results suggest that S1P stimulates migration and smooth muscle differentiation of BMSCs through an $S1P_1$-p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism.
Keywords
Sphingosine-1-phosphate; mesenchymal stem cells; migration; p38 MAPK; S1P receptor;
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