• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.227-231
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• 2004

A total of 219 polymerase chain reaction tests of genetically modified (GM) DNA sequences in soybean seeds and soybean sprouts were conducted during 2000-2001. No CM gene was found in 96 tests of soybean seeds. However, either a functional CP4EPSPS gene or the 355 promoter gene was found three times in 2000 and eight times in 2001, in between 0.01 and 0.17％ of soybean spout products, in 123 tests. Since the amount of GM genes was much less than the threshold limit of 3％, none of the 11 positive soybean-sprout samples needed to be libeled GM crops. Of these, seven sprout samples were from domestic seeds and four were from seeds imported from China. To find the contamination route, the raw materials, seed surface, floor of the storage room, area around the selection machine, surface of the packaging film and corn powder used in the package were tested. The 35S promoter gene was detected in only two samples of the corn powder (0.1％). Although we could not find the cause of the GM contamination, the sprout package film is one possibility. In total,8.9％ of the soybean sprout tests were GM positive, but the amounts were much less than the threshold of 3％. This means that there are frequent false-positives and these would threaten the sprout industry if GMO were decided qualitatively. Food companies should make their safety data available to the public and make an effort to address people's concerns about GM food more openly. In addition, there is a need to establish a quantitative test for GM genes in sampled water and a sampling method for raw materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2003

102 ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) were obtained by sequencing clones from a library of rainbow trout kidney cDNAs. Of the sequences generated, 55.8% of the ESTs were represented by 37 known genes. The 45 clones of unknown gene products potentially represent 40 novel genes. The genes involved in structural function (14.5%) and transcription/translation (11.6%) account for the major gene expression activities in the kidney Microarray experiment was conducted to compare gene expression of the unique ESTs in young and adult rainbow trout kidneys. While mitochondrion, cytochrome b, rho G, spastin protein, and three unknown genes were down-regulated in the mature fish kidney, calponin 1, calcium binding protein, histone deacetylase 1, and an unknown gene were up-regulated in the mature fish kidney. This research demonstrates the feasibility and power of functional genomics in rainbow trout.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

To construct an amylolytic industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the glucoamylase cDNA gene (GAl) from Aspergillus awamori was expressed under the control of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene promoter (ADC1p) and integrated into the chromosomes of industrial S. cerevisiae. An integrative cassette lacking bacterial ampicillin resistance gene but containing the GA1 gene, $\delta$ sequences of Ty1 retrotransposon as target sites for homologous recombination and S. cerevisiae aureobasidin A resistance gene (AUR1-C) as the selection marker was constructed to obtain a strain eligible for commercial use. Industrial S. cerevisiae transformed with this 15-integrative cassette efficiently secreted glucoamylase into the medium and grew on starch as the sole carbon source. The transformants were mitotically stable for 100 generations in nonselective medium.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.964-967
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• 2010

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have been contributed to quinolone resistance of gram-negative bacteria worldwide. However, little data on the prevalence of these determinants in bacteria from animals are available in Korea. In this study, the prevalence of PMQR genes was investigated with E. coli originating from diseased animals. Among 55 E. coli tested, 11 showed PMQR genes by PCR. The most prevalent genotype was qepA (14.5%), followed by aac(6')-Ib-cr (7.3%) and qnrS (1.8%). Interestingly, two isolates with PMQR genes did not show quinolone resistance in this study. The isolates exhibited higher fluoroquinolone resistance in aac(6')-Ib-cr in combination with qnrS or qepA compared with aac(6')-Ib-cr only. In a conjugal transfer test, PMQR genes were transferred from donor to recipient.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.522-528
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• 2003

The RAD4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for the incision step of UV-induced excision repair. A yeast RAD4 gene has been previously isolated by functional complementation. In order to identify the RAD4 homologous gene from fungus Coprinus cinereus, we have constructed cosmid libraries from electrophoretically separated chromosomes of the C. cinereus. The 13 C. cinereus chromosomes were resolved by pulse-field gel electrophoresis, hybridized with S. cerevisiae RAD4 DNA, and then isolated homologous C. cinereus chromosome. The insert DNA of the RAD4 homolog was contained 3.2 kb. Here, we report the characterization of fungus C. cinereus homolog of yeast RAD4 gene. Southern blot analysis confirmed that C. cinereus contains the RAD4 homolog gene and this gene exists as a single copy in C. cinereus genome. When total RNA isolated from C. cinereus cells was hybridized with the 1.2 kb PvuII DNA fragment of the S. cerevisiae RAD4 gene, a 2.5 kb of transcript was detected. In order to investigation whether the increase of transcripts by DNA damaging agent, transcripts levels were examined after treating the cells. The level of transcript did not increase by untraviolet light (UV). This result indicated that the RAD4 homologous gene is not UV inducible gene. Gene deletion experiments indicate that the RAD4 homologous gene is essential for cell viability.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

모유에 존재하는 유지방구의 막을 구성하는 주된 당단백질인 하나인 lactadherin(과거에는 BA46로 일컬어짐)은 rotavirus에 의한 감염증상을 예방하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 retrovirus vector system을 이용하여 Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) 세포에 tetracycline에 의해 발현이 제어되는 promoter 하의 lactadherin 유전자를 전이시킨 후lactadherin이 tetracycline에 의해 발현이 유도되는지의 여부를 실험하였다. 먼저 기초 실험으로 E. coli LacZ유전자를 이용하여 tetracycline에 의한 유도 여부를 조사하였다. Tet-On과 RevTRE-LacZ retrovirus를 co-infection시킨 NIH3T3 세포는 doxycycline (tetracycline 유도체)의 투여량에 비례하여 E. coli LacZ 유전자의 발현 정도가 증가하는 양상을 나타내었는데, 최대의 발현에 대한 doxycycline 농도는 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 이상으로 나타났다. 이 예비실험의 결과를 바탕으로 Tet-On과 RevTRE-Ltd retrovirus vector를 이용하여 사람의 lactadherin 유전자의 유도적 발현을 검정하였는데, CHO 세포에서 lactadherin 유전자의 유도적 발현을 RT-PCR 기법을 이용하여 확인하였다. 표적세포 내에서 외부에서 도입된 유전자가 지속적으로 발현될 경우 심각한 생리적 부작용을 야기시킨다는 사실을 감안할 때, 본 실험의 결과는 유전자 치료와 형질전환동물의 생산에 크게 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2001

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 는 다양한 세포에서 전이와 침윤성에 중요한 역할을 한다. MMP의 내인성 저해제인 tissue inhibitor of motalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2) 는 MMP-2에 높은 특이성을 지닌다. MMP-2와 TIMP-2사이의 불균형은 침윤성과 전이와 같은 병리학적 과정과 관계되는 extracellular matrix (ECM)의 퇴화를 일으킨다. TIMPs는 분비되는 분자이기 때문에 특정한 암의 유전자 치료에 사용될 가능성을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 MMP-2가 H-ras에 의해 유도된 침윤성에 책임지는 것으로 보여지는 H-ras MCF10A 세포에 TIMP-2 유전자를 함유하는 retrovirus를 이용하여 연구하였다. TIMP-2 유전자를 함유하는 재조합 retrovirus는 PG13 세포를 infection 시키는데 사용되었다. H-ras MCF10A 세포는 PGl3 세포의 conditioned media로 처리되었을 때, gelatin zymography에서 MMP-2의 분비가 농도의존적으로 저해되었다. 또한 retrovirus에 의한 TIMP-2의 과잉 발현은 농도의존적으로 H-ras MCF10A 세포의 침윤성과 이동성을 상당히 감소시킨다. 이와 같은 실험 결과는 TIMP-2가 H-ras MCF10A 세포에서 MMP-2 분비와 세포의 침윤성, 이동성을 감소시키는 역할을 지닌다는 것과 TIMP-2 유전자를 함유하는 retrovirus가 효과적으로 MMP-2 분비, 세포 침윤성, 세포 이동성을 감소시켰다는 것을 보여 준다. 이는 암의 예방과 치료를 위한 유전자 치료법의 적용에 상당한 가능성을 제시한다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 1995

The mammalian adenosine deaminase(ADA) gene was stably expressed in transgenic tobacco plane. The chimeric ADA gene 35S/35S/AMV/ADA/Tnos, has been constructed. This chimeric gene was introduced into the binary vector pRD400, which was thereafter mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaiens strain MP90 harboring disarmed Ti-plasmid. The resulting strains were used to transform Nicofiana tabacum L. using the leaf disc. Incorporation of the chimeric gene into plant were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot analyses. Immunoblot analysis showed that ADA protein was successfully synthesized in the transgenic tobacco plants.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

In microarray data analysis, recent efforts have focused on the discovery of gene sets from a pathway or functional categories such as Gene Ontology terms(GO terms) rather than on individual gene function for its direct interpretation of genome-wide expression data. We introduce a meta-analysis method that combines $p$-values for changes of each gene in the group. The method measures the significance of overall treatment-induced change in a gene group. An application of the method to a real data demonstrates that it has benefits over other statistical methods such as Fisher's exact test and permutation methods. The method is implemented in a SAS program and it is available on the author's homepage(http://cafe.daum.net/go.analysis).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2005

연구목적: ADAMs은 metalloprotease/disintegrin domain을 가진 transmemebrane glycoprotein으로써 지금까지 30개 이상의 ADAM 및 10개 이상의 ADAMTS가 알려져 있다. 이들의 기능은 포유동물의 수정 시 sperm-egg binding과 fusion, myoblast fusion, integrin과의 결합 등에 직접 관여하거나, TNF-alpha 등의 생체신호전달물질이 세포로부터 분비될 때에 이들의 구조를 변화시켜 활성화시키는 효소작용, 그리고 dendritic cell differentiation 등에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 자궁내막 조직에서의 유전자 및 단백질 발현 여부에 관해서는 거의 보고되어 있지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 착상 전후 시기의 생쥐 자궁조직에서 ADAM-8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 그리고 ADAMTS-1의 유전자가 발현하는 지를 알아보았다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 연구에서는 생쥐의 자궁조직을 대상으로 ADAM-8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 그리고 ADAMTS-1을 선정하여, 초기 임신 기간에서의 유전자 발현 여부를 조사하였고 이 결과를 바탕으로 자궁조직에서의 이들 유전자들의 생리적인 기능을 규명하고자 하였다. 결 과: 임신한 생쥐 자궁조직에서의 ADAM-8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 그리고 ADAMTS-1의 유전자 및 단백질의 발현 양상을 RT-PCR 방법을 이용하여 알아본 결과, 조사된 ADAM 종류와 임신 날짜별로 다르게 나타났다. ADAM-8의 유전자 전사체는 임신 1일째 매우 강하게 발현되었으나 임신 3일째로 진행되면서 감소하다가 이후 다시 임신 5일째가 되면서 증가하는 양상을 보였다. ADAM-9, 10, 17 그리고 ADAMTS-1의 경우는 임신 1일째에서 5일째까지 유전자의 발현 양상이 크게 변하지 않았고 ADAM-12와 ADAM-15의 유전자 전사체는 임신 1일에서 5일로 진행되면서 현저하게 증가되는 양상을 보였다. 이후 임신 6일에서 8일에서는 생쥐 배아가 착상된 부위와 비 착상부위로 나누어 유전자의 발현 양상을 관찰한 결과, 조사된 ADAM 모두 비착상 부위보다 착상부위에서 유전자 전사체의 발현이 크게 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 미루어 ADAM 유전자는 임신초기 착상과정과 임신 단계에 따른 자궁의 조직 재구성에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.