• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.205-230
• /
• 2007

In modern manufacturing practice it is sometimes necessary to send products to another country for special processing which cannot be performed inside the territory of the zone and Outward Processing(OP) covers such situation. What's more, process and Rules of Origin(RoO) of OP is implicated in Korea' Free Trade Agreement(Korea-Singapore, Korea-EFTA and Korea-Asean FTA) because of the goods to be producted in Kaesong Industrial Complex. Thus, In this paper analyse a implication of OP's process and RoO focused on the two fold : (1) provide an overview of the objectives, types, effects of Outward Processing described in customs law and FTA provisions of EU and Korea; (2) present a comparative analysis of EU and Korean rules; (3) offer an appropriate proposal to Korea-EU FTA negotiation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1995.07c
• /
• pp.1108-1110
• /
• 1995

This paper presents a balanced CMOS complementary folded cascode OP-AMP topology that achieves improved DC gain using the gain boosting technique, a high unity-gain frequency and improved slew rate using the CMOS complementary cascode structure and a high PSRR using the balanced output stage. Bode-plot measurements of a balanced CMOS complementary folded cascode OP-AMP show a DC gain of 80dB, a unity-gain frequency of 110MHz and a slew rate of $274V/{\mu}s$(1pF load). This balanced CMOS complementary folded cascode OP-AMP is well suited for high frequency analog signal processing applications.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.59 no.6
• /
• pp.1203-1227
• /
• 2022

In this paper we develop the homological properties of the Gorenstein (𝓛, 𝓐)-flat R-modules 𝓖𝓕_{(𝓕(R),𝓐)} proposed by Gillespie, where the class 𝓐 ⊆ Mod(R^op) sometimes corresponds to a duality pair (𝓛, 𝓐). We study the weak global and finitistic dimensions that come with the class 𝓖𝓕_{(𝓕(R),𝓐)} and show that over a (𝓛, 𝓐)-Gorenstein ring, the functor - ⊗_R - is left balanced over Mod(R^op) × Mod(R) by the classes 𝓖𝓕_{(𝓕(R^op),𝓐)} × 𝓖𝓕_{(𝓕(R),𝓐)}. When the duality pair is (𝓕(R), 𝓕𝓟Inj(R^op)) we recover the G. Yang's result over a Ding-Chen ring, and we see that is new for (Lev(R), AC(R^op)) among others.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2000

Effects of onion peel (OP) components (quercetin and rutin) in press ham on TBARS, pH, redness (a*) and flavor (panel test) were investigated during cold storage. TBARS in OP samples of high concentration was significantly (P〈0.05) lower than control during cold storage. This result suggests that OP components have an antioxidant activity in press ham. Also, redness of OP samples was significantly (P〈0.05) higher than control after three weeks of cold storage. Cured ham redness could be improved through lower pH of OP samples compared to that of control. However, flavor score of OP samples was not significantly (P〉0.05) different with control during cold storage. It could be possible that OP components plays role as an antioxidant without any negative effects on plavor of press ham.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 1993

In this study the onion juice (2%) in diet fed rats simultaneously ingested lead acetate 100mg/ kg (OP group) showed more increased weight gain than single lead treated rats (P group). The OP group had also improved in the hemoglobin contents and biochemical analyzed values of blood including GPT, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase, which were elevated in case of P group rats. The Pb content in the rats liver of OP group was lower than in the rats liver of P group. In the histopathological findings of liver cell OP group rats did not show any signs of liver damage as observed in P group rats that had degenerated hepatocytes, followed sinusoidal dilatation, perivascular hemorrhage and some necrosis of hepatic cells accompanied by increased Kuffer cell bearing dark brown pigment. In conclusion 2% onion juice diet in rat have somewhat antidotic effects on the lead intoxicated rats.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 2019

Objective : To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) in Korea and its association with socioeconomic status. Methods : Using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Inpatient Sample (HIRA-NIS) data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated the annual prevalence of PD, OP, and OVF and investigated its association with socioeconomic status using data from National Health Insurance (NHI) beneficiaries and Medical Aid (MA) recipients. This study was supported by research funding from Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2015. There were no study-specific biases related to conflicts of interest. Results : The number of PD patients in the HIRA-NIS increased each year from 2009 to 2013. Among patients with PD, the standardized prevalence rates of OP and OVF increased from 2009 to 2013; from 23.2 to 27.8 and from 2.8 to 4.2, respectively. Among patients with PD with OP, the prevalence of OVF were 12.2% and 15.1% in 2009 and 2013, respectively. The standardized prevalence rates of PD with OP and PD with OVF were significantly higher in MA recipients than in NHI beneficiaries. Conclusion : The prevalence of PD both with OP and with OVF increased and the prevalence was higher in MA recipients than in NHI beneficiaries. These findings may suggest that age over 65 years, female and low income may be a significant factor related to PD occurring with OP and OVF.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.19-41
• /
• 2023

Purpose - Conventional supply chains (SCs) must identify facilitating roles, such as port or terminal operators, shipping companies, and freight forwarders in executing the various logistical activities that support the organizational strategies of shippers. Meanwhile, supply chain collaborative practices can engender a willingness to share relevant and mutually helpful information. To this end, this study seeks to identify the impact of supply chain integration (SCI) on information sharing (IS) and the operational performance (OP) of Korea's container-shipping industry from the perspective of social capital. Design/methodology - We established the research model for this study based on previous studies. In administering the survey, we obtained 149 valid responses from employees working in liner-shipping companies and freight forwarders in Korea. With the collected questionnaires, the study's hypotheses were tested using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 Findings - The results indicate the existence of a mediated relationship where the impact of SCI on OP is mediated by IS. The effect of external integration (EI) on OP is fully mediated by information quality (IQ) and information-sharing content (ISC). Furthermore, EI, IQ and ISC partially mediate the relationship between internal integration (II) and OP. Originality/value - This study expands SCI contexts, where ISC and IQ respectively serve as bridges between EI and OP which has crucial implications for container-shipping companies in terms of improving their performance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2002

Korean safflower seed has been known to have healing effects on both bone fracture and osteoporosis. On the base of such a notice, this experiment was carried out to explore the effects of safflower seed on bone formation and bone repair. The toxicity test and the effect of Korean safflower seed were evaluated with 60 rats, 3-month old. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats composed of 20 male and 20 female were underwent unilateral tibial defect and then fastened with unilateral fixators. The operated rats were divided into two groups depending on the composition of diet, such as positive control group fed normal diet(C-OP group) and safflower seed group fed 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet(S-OP group). Another 20 rats without operation were maintained, each 10 rats were fed either normal diet or 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet, and observed the toxicity of safflower seed by measuring weight and urine parameters. Postoperative radiography were taken once in 2 weeks to evaluate callus formation for operated groups and blood collection via heart puncture were carried out once in 3 weeks for 3 groups. The concentration of Ca and Pi in serum were measured using both auto Kit and $^{31}$ P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR). At present study, no toxic effect was observed from both weight increment and urine index after feeding the safflower seed diet. The comparison of the radiography between C-OP and S-OP group were showed that the safflower seed diet appeared to stimulate the formation of callus in the rat. The ratio of Ca/P in serum was low in S-OP group compared to C-OP group with the auto Kit, but there were no significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the variations of Pi values in NMR examination were also confirmed based on the result of auto Kit. In conclusion, this study implied that safflower seed might influence to bone formation and shorten the periods of remedy by stimulating the calcification of bone

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.202-207
• /
• 2017

Objective: The self-decisions of the client regarding the meaningful work as a therapeutic approach of client-orientation. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an occupation-oriented problem-solving approach. The purpose of this study was to describe the goals and intervention protocols of CO-OP in those affected by stroke. Design: A systematic review. Methods: Using EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ProQuest databases, we searched studies published in the past decade that utilized the CO-OP intervention. An initial search revealed 71,171 potential articles. After applying our search criteria to screen the titles, abstracts, and full-text, we included 7 articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, we used the patient, intervention(s), comparison, outcome method to analyze the 7 selected studies. We analyzed the frequency of goals and intervention protocols. Results: Seven articles met our selection criteria; these studies included participants with an almost normal cognitive function from inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities. CO-OP was used for 237 goals; the most used goal was the instrumental activities of daily living. The training procedure used 3 types of self-selecting goals in the activities. One of the goals was not trained, but was only evaluated to determine the generation effect. The most common outcome measurements included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale. Conclusions: This research provided information about the effectiveness of CO-OP and selecting the correct evaluation tool to assess the efficiency of the intervention. This study suggests that treatment with CO-OP in occupational therapy is effective and that it outlines common protocols.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.1019-1026
• /
• 2019

Due to limitations of existing methods for detecting newly introduced malware, the importance of the development of artificial intelligence vaccines arises. Existing artificial intelligence vaccines have a disadvantage that the accuracy of the detection rate is low because those vaccines do not scan all parts of the file. In this paper, we suggest an enhanced method for detecting malware which is composed of unique OP Code features in the malware files. Specifically, we tested the method with text datasets trained on Random Forest algorithm and with image datasets trained on the Inception V3 model. As a result, the highest accuracy of the detection rate was about 80%.