• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 2015

This research aims to analyse rural change by increasing in urban-to-rural migrants in rural Jeju. In particular, the author analysed changes in rural area focusing on non-agricultural sector and local organization. Urban-to-rural migrants into rural Jeju have been causing increase in tourism business. Such an increase in tourism business caused increase in construction of service space and changes in land use. Meanwhile, the local organization formed by urban-to-rural migrants has differences in its members and its activities and implementing system of activities in comparison with those of native local organizations. The Seowgipo Rural Migrants Cooperative, which is the research target, has characters of urbanism even thoug it was formed in rural area.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.19-41
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• 2017

This paper examines the aspects of changes in China's consumer market since the mid-1980s. By comparing urban and rural residents' expenditures, I find that the rural consumer market has exhibited extraordinary growth. Over the past decade, the consumption growth rate and average propensity to consume by rural residents have surpassed those of their urban counterparts, with the former's consumption patterns becoming increasingly similar to the latter's. Such a phenomenon prevails in rural areas which neighbor second-and third-tier cities where urbanization is progressing rapidly. These findings imply that Korean companies need to diversify their export goods in line with China's expanding rural markets while further differentiating their product composition to satisfy the heterogeneous demands in urban areas. With regard to the government, efforts must be made to strengthen the export cooperative system so that it targets not only urban but also rural markets in China.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.305-320
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• 1996

It is necessary to obtain information about the productivity of the human-influenced forest and to understand the consumption of biomass resources in secondary forest in order to examine the resource flux by human activity in rural landscape. Thus the aims of this study were to elucidate the biomass and their use of secondary Pinus densiflora forests and to discuss sustainable utilization of secondary forests in rural landscape system. This study was carried out in Yanghwa-ri, Kongjugun, Chungcheongnam-do, central Korea. The changes of growth rate and aboveground biomass of a pine forest for 2 years were analyzed to understand forest management regimes in rural pine forests. Through allometric equations deduced from 25 sample trees, biomass was estimated. The biomass increase of pine forest was approximately 16.36 t/ha/yr in the unexploited stand and 12.24 t/ha/yr in the exploited stand. These were nearly equal to those of natural pine forests in central Korea. This result proved that human-influenced pine forest in rural landscape as well as the natural one has high potentiality to provide forest products. Making graveyard in forest-land was the important disturbance and land-use which currently occurring in rural landscape in the study area. Finally, we presented some forest management for stutainable and positive uses of secondary forests as one of the local energy resources in terms of the holistic landscape-ecological view.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2023

Active attention and effort are needed to develop an integrated water management system in response to climate change. In this study, it proposed models for cross-use of agricultural water and river maintenance water using sewage treatment water as an integrated water management system for the Yeongsan River. The impact of the integrated water management models was assessed by applying the concept of Nexus, which is being presented worldwide for sustainable resource management. The target year was set for 2030 and quantitatively analyzed water, energy, land use and carbon emissions and resource availability index by integrated water management models was calculated by applying maximum usable amount by resource. An integrated water management system evaluation model using the Nexus concept developed in this study can play a role that can be viewed in a variety of ways: security and environmental impact assessment of other resources. The results of this research will be used as a foundation for the field of in the establishment of a policy decision support system to evaluate various security policies, as we analyzed changes in other factors according to changes in individual components, taking into account the associations between water, energy, food, and carbon resources. In future studies, additional sub-models need to be built that can be applied flexibly to changes in the future timing of the inter-resource relationship components.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Due to global warming issues caused by climate changes which are internationally being highlighted, recently, there are lots of efforts under way to reduce energy consumption in various fields. Currently, 25 percent of energy consumption in Korea are being generated from buildings and especially, nearly 54 percent of them are being consumed by households. This study, therefore, aims to consider energy consumption status in the existing rural houses and analyze structure system performance, window system performance and air-permeability of domestic passive-type buildings using PHPP which is an analysis program of building energy to improve energy consumption problems in rural areas. Then, energy reduction plans in rural houses were proposed, by comparing and analyzing energy reduction of the existing rural houses, based on these data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 1998

This paper is to describe the characteristics of the Small Towns development in Rural China. The policies to develop Small Towns have been induced for solving the problem raised during the rural reform. The changes and adaptations of rural reform processes are integrated in Small Towns. The characteristics in the process of development of Ronggang, a small town, are as follows. First, it was the fund raised by rural inhabitants that was used for construction and development of the small town, Second, by implementing the policies of selective migration, the inhabitants of the small town have been differentiated from those of rural region. Third, the activities of commerce and industry of Ronggang have progressed to joint-stock system. Fourth, Having the spatial characteristics of self- development, the small town has grown and is expected to grow higher hierarchy of settlement system.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.435-463
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• 2012

This study is a case study focusing on the residents' participation and satisfaction in the promotion of rural development projects under the Block Grants System in Buyeo. Along with changes in the way to support rural development projects, it requires the autonomy, responsibility, creative planning etc. in the municipal governments and the active participation of local residents for the effective development in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to suggest some policy implications by analyzing the relationship between the level of participation of local residents and residents' satisfaction in rural development projects. This study explained the background and characteristics of rural development projects under the Block Grants System, and also reviewed the theoretical literature on the residents' participation and satisfaction, including the survey of the local residents. For this study, we selected some variables, and then divided into the participating groups such as the resident representatives, the development committee and the local residents. Finally, using statistical method we analyzed the level of participation and satisfaction of the local residents in rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-60
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to approach for the flow analysis of changing central-place functions and basic demands between the central city and the small town. Under the rural society progressed, this study examines how the small town changes in the relation to the central city. The subject of study is based on changes in demand for retail and hospitality. The small town is providing basic demands and urban services primary for the rural in the settlement system. Because of the rural depopulation and the aging of society, Retail and hospitality in the rural is reducing of the facility followed. But the majority of related researches are stocks approach. These studies are useful to find out the characteristic of small town, but is difficult to consider the influence of the central city. In this situation after this study using the function index is set up a concept model, it examines for the basis of changes in demand for the small town. The result of the analysis is that the changes of retail and hospitality are more severe in the more small town than in the central city. Whereas the small town with a population decline is consistent with the reduced number of branches, Population growth in the central city is reduced to the number of the Number of branches. The central-place function has been strengthened in the central city. While the younger generation, recreation, etc. related retail are disappearing rapidly, the mainstream of small town is grocery, home improvement, restaurants.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.558-576
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• 1996

Since 1978. China has progressed her reforms of her economy. In this process, refroms in rual area have been operated with top priority. The system of collective economy had been changed into that of private economy. Rural farming and land-use system had been changed also. The household responsibility system took the place of a People's Commune. That was the system that could inspire farm-household with a will to work, and hence, increase the productivity of agriculture. However, with the developement of market mechanism in the later 1980s, that system got inadequate to new situation. For instance, incentives of a will to work slowly decreased, agricultural productivity did not increase, and labor forces were tremendously transferred to non-agricultural sector. This situation created the demand for a new system of rural land policy and use. This paper intends to describe changes of new system of land use in rual China. Those changes are as follows. 1. The system of land-circulation has been spread widely. 2. 'Liangtianzhi' (the system of two kind land-use) divided the land into two kinds, 'kouliangtian' (the land of food) and 'zerentian' (the land of obligation). The one is allocated in proportion to the per capita, and to support farm-household' and function, the other is allocated in proportion to the labor force, in order to increase the commercial function of land. 4. 'Guimojingying' (management of scale): For overcomint the disadvantage of dispersal of land, the relative concentration of land was required. 4. 'Gufenzhi' (a joint-stock system) is practised for the purpose of establishing clear-cut lines of land ownership. 5. 'Sihuangpaimai' (auction the use right of four kinds of wasteland) is for full-using of the wasteland. It can be apprehended that these systems and policies were the process of adaption to market mechanism. In these, rural China could escape form the disorder due to rapid changes, and overcome the existing contradiction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 1997

Korean societies have been experiencing the wholesale structural changes in the rapid currents of recent openness, globalization and democratization, which effect much more heavily in rural areas than in urban areas, so rural recomposition works being an important national concern. In order to systematically reconstruct the rural structure, the decision makers, with a four step hierarchy of rural resident-residents group-community-region, should be endowed with the objective judgement on basic elements of resource potentialities under their control. In this process. rational resource evaluation works would be firstly necessiated from expert groups. Based on the view mentioned above, this study principally aimed at developing a rational evaluation framework for rural resources. For that objective, the first step of the study pigeonholed the total resources items identifiable in rural areas from the existing study results, spatial planning and field surveying data. After then, using the formalized classification criteria of resources items, a tentative goal system for rural resources evaluation was proposed and the final one determined through expert-group checking. The results obtained during the study are summarized as follows ; 1. Using the existing examples of resources identification/classification and the basic data list for county-level development planning as the principal reference ones, total rural resources elements were classified into 3 constituent units : land, natural environment and human resources, which correspond to places to work, to play and to live, respectively, as 3 constituent ones of life-supporting space. 2. Three characteristic areal types were adopted to represent the total rural areas : lowland, upland and seashore areas, and also 3 practical use types to represent the objectives of resources evaluation systems : for land use planning, natural conservation policy and village improvement planning. Thus 9 different types of goal system for resources evaluation were developed(each system by 3 areal typesX3 practical use types) 3. Each goal system has 3-tier classification steps from the higher, middle and lower one. The higher and middle steps should contain equally applicable components to all the rural areas, of which allowable number being around 3 and 4 respectively. However the lower step would contain detailed sub-components changeable to areal characteristics of which allowable number being around 7.