• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.897-905
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• 2007

Approximately 70% of Korea is composed of forest areas. Especially 48% of agricultural field is practiced at highland areas over 400 m in elevation in Kangwon province. Over 90% of highland agricultural farming is located at Kangwon province. Runoff characteristics at the mountainous area such as Kangwon province are largely affected by steep slopes, thus runoff estimation considering field slopes needs to be utilized for accurate estimation of direct runoff. Although many methods for runoff estimation are available, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), now Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Curve Number (CN)-based method is used in this study. The CN values were obtained from many plot-years dataset obtained from mid-west areas of the United States, where most of the areas have less than 5% in slopes. Thus, the CN method is not suitable for accurate runoff estimation where significant areas are over 5% in slopes. Therefore, the CN values were adjusted based on the average slopes (25.8% at Doam-dam watershed) depending on the 5-day Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC). In this study, the CN-based Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) direct runoff estimation model used and the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) was used for direct runoff separation from the stream flow data. The $R^2$ value was 0.65 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value was 0.60 when no slope adjustment was made in CN method. However, the $R^2$ value was 0.69 and the Nash-Sutcliffe value was 0.69 with slope adjustment. As shown in this study, it is strongly recommended the slope adjustment in the CN direct runoff estimation should be made for accurate direct runoff prediction using the CN-based L-THIA model when applied to steep mountainous areas.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-51
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• 1998

compensation is a major function of human resources management. The hospital industry is characterized by its remarkable labor intensity and human resource input by unit. That is why the hospital industry has a higher level of wage/cost ration. The issues of how much the hospital personnel's direct financial compensation amounts to and how the organizational and other factors generate compensation differentiation, are central problems for research in hospitals. But there have been few approaches to study staff compensation in hospitals, its magnitude and inter-hospital relative compensation amounts for the same personnel. A worker who moves from low-wage to a high-wage employer can usually increase his or her pay without change in job description. This means in the cases of same jobs, relative importance is different for each hospitals. The purpse of this study were to find the compensation levels of hospital personnel and to determine the factors affecting compensation levels of hospital personnel. The unit of analysis is the hospital and 145 hospitals were studied for nurse(RN), medical technoloist(MT), managerial personnel(MP) and 100 hospitals for medical doctor(MD). In this study the definitions of direct financial compensation are before tax, excluding employer's contriution and total annual remuneration received by the employee. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows. 1. Direct financial compensation of hospital personnel are MD 45,056,000 won, RN 9,222,000 won, MT 9,513,000 won and MP 9,185,000 won in the starting year's employment in hospital. 2. According to determinants of hospital personnel compensations, there are no statistical significant variables to determine the level of MD's compensation. Wlith RN and MT's compensation level, the greater the patient revenue per 100 hospital beds, the higher the RN compensation and the tertiary hospital's compensation is much more than other types of hospitals. The location of hospital is another determinant factor for the MT's compensation level. Hospitals that are in the uban area have lower compensation level than rural area. There are the same results in MP with MT. Conclusions can be drawn from the results of the study. First, the wage differentiation of MD and other health personnel still remains and the differentiation existed in inter and intra job personnel of hospitals. Second, determinants of hospital personnel personnel compensation level are patient revenue, location, and type of hospital level.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 국내에서 재배중인 대표적인 두과작물(대두, 완두, 강낭콩, 팥, 녹두, 동부)종자로부터 전세포추출물의 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 다변량통계분석(PCA, PLS-DA, HCA)을 이용하여 신속하고 간편한 종 구분체계를 확립하였다. 대사체수준에서 팥, 녹두, 동부는 유연관계가 높음을 알 수 있었으며 대두, 완두, 강낭콩은 비록 두과작물이지만 차이가 매우 큼을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 본 연구에서 얻어진 대사체 정보의 다변량통계분석에 의한 유연관계분석은 흥미롭게도 두과작물의 계통분류학적 유연관계와 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터의 다변량통계분석은 방법의 간편성과 신속성을 고려할 때 두과작물의 계통이나 품종의 신속한 식별 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 두과작물의 기능성 성분 함량 정보가 성공적으로 연계된다면 본 연구에서 확립된 대사체 기반 신속식별체계는 기능성 성분의 함량이 높은 계통이나 품종의 조기 선발수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.198-207
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• 2020

This experiment was performed to evaluate the optimal proportion of dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) to net energy (NE) proportion in growing to finishing pigs. A total of seventy-two pigs were used at phase 1 (initial body weight 37.23 ± 0.23 kilogram, for 42 d) and at phase 2 (initial body weight 54.16 ± 0.20 kilogram, for 77 d). They were arbitrarily assigned to three treatments groups consisting of four duplicates per treatment (six pigs in duplicates, respectively). Diet treatments were as follows: CON = basal diets (phase 1, crude protein (CP): 19.1%; SID Lys: 0.94%; SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.91 g/MJ / phase 2, CP: 17.0%; SID Lys: 0.84%; SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.79 g/MJ), TRT1 (phase 1, CP: 18.0%; SID Lys: 0.92%; SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.89 g/MJ / phase 2, CP: 15.8%; SID Lys: 0.8%; SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.75 g/MJ), TRT2 (phase 1, CP: 17.3%; SID Lys: 0.82%; SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.79 g/MJ / phase 2, CP: 14.8%; SID Lys: 0.7%; SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.65 g/MJ). In phase 1 and 2, growth performance did not meaningfully be affected when SID Lys: NE proportion decreased with reducing CP content. In phase 2, the nitrogen digestibility of CON group in 11 week was higher (p < 0.05) than other treatments. Also, marbling and firmness scores of TRT2 group diets increased (p < 0.05) compared with those of CON group, but dissimilarities of other meat qualities did not be detected among treatments. In conclusion, introduction of NE system can reduce negative problems introduced when dietary CP decreased. Also, 0.79 and 0.65 g/MJ of SID Lys: NE proportion is the optimal Lys: NE proportion to achieve improved pork quality without impairing the growth performance in growing-finishing pigs, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5260-5267
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• 2013

성공적인 지역발전 모델을 창출하기 위해서는 지역의 공간적 특색을 살릴 수 있는 전략산업 육성이 필요 하다. 지역산업 발전의 선택과 집중사이에서 선정된 전략산업이 지역경제를 이끄는 원동력이 될 것이며 지역경제 활성화에 파급효과를 줄 것은 분명하기 때문이다. 이를 위해 단순히 정책적 과제로만 끝나는 것이 아니라 지속적인 실행에 옮길 수 있도록 지자체의 많은 관심과 역할이 중요하며 장기적으로 지역산업과 관련된 주체의 지속적인 발전이 가능한지를 평가해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지역산업을 육성하는 정책적 사업의 적정성을 고려하기 위해서 다양한 평가지표가 고려되어야 할 것임에 착안하여 국내외 지역발전 성공사례를 중심으로 지표를 구축하였다. 다음으로 전문가를 대상으로 컨조인트 분석을 실시하여 지표의 가중치를 도출하고, 지속가능한 지역산업이 갖춰야 할 합리적 평가체계 방안을 제시하였다. 그 결과 '지역발전' 부문에서 '지역경제', '인력양성', '지역마케팅' 부문의 속성으로 구분하여 총 9개의 지표를 도출하였고, '산업발전'부문의 '인프라 구축', '기술개발', '기업지원'의 9개 지표를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통한 시사점을 살펴보면, 첫째, 향후 지역산업 육성정책의 평가 시 다양하고, 구체적인 평가체제를 기본으로 부족 부분을 보완해 나가야 할 것이다. 둘째, 지자체는 전략적으로 산업간 융복합이 가능하고, 광역지역 간 연계가 용이한 전략 산업을 우선적으로 고려해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 지역산업을 위한 인재와 기업에 대한 원활한 기반마련 및 지원이 이루어 져야 한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2018

기후변화 및 인구 증가 등으로 인하여 물 공급량이 수요량을 충족하지 못하는 물부족 현상 발생이 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 물부족 현상으로 인한 피해를 최소화하고 이에 대한 대비를 위해 수자원 및 물부족 평가 연구가 꾸준히 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 기존 연구는 대부분 지상수와 지하수만을 공급량으로 보았으며 실제 식물의 생장 및 유지에 이용되는 토양수 등에 대한 고려는 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지상수 및 지하수를 의미하는 블루워터와 식물생장 및 유지에 이용되는 그린워터 개념을 도입한 물부족 평가 방법을 제안하고 이를 이용하여 보령 지역을 대상으로 물부족 평가를 실시하였다. SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 대상유역의 월별 유출량, 지하수량, 토양수량, 증발산량을 도출하였으며 이를 이용하여 월별 그린워터와 블루워터 부족량을 각각 도출하였다. 그린워터와 블루워터의 물부족 평가 결과 이 둘의 양상이 매우 다르게 나타났으며 이에 수자원 관리에서 용수 공급에 특히 주의해야 하는 시기를 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 물부족 평가 방법은 식물 및 작물 생장, 유지에 사용되는 그린워터를 평가에 고려함으로써 기존 평가 방법들에 비해 더욱 상세한 결과를 얻을 수 있으며 이에 수자원 관리에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2010

In this study, the bioactivities of ethanol (EELS) and water extract (WELS) from the leaf of Lythrum salicaria L. were investigated. In the anti-cancer activity, the growths of both human prostate cancer (DU145) and human colonic carcinoma cell (HT29) were inhibited up 60% by adding 10 mg/$m{\ell}$ of EELS. Anti-inflammatory activity of EELS and WELS have been evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced release of nitric oxide (NO) by the macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. EELS and WELS inhibited inflammatory by 57.3 and 46.9% in 10 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. In the anti-oxidative activity, $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity was respectively 60.71 and $92.90\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. In the anti-diabetic activity, $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of EELS and WELS were respectively 5,250 and $5,020\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was 7.96 and $68.41\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. In the anti-obesity, $IC_{50}$ of lipase inhibitory activity was 880 and $9,840\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. Finally, EELS and WELS exhibited anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activity and anti-obesity. It suggests that Lythrum salicaria L. could be potentially used as a resource of bioactive materials for health functional foods.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the set up and running status of school gardening at elementary schools in Jeollabuk-do. Among 416 elementary schools in Jeollabuk-do, 164 schools (39.4%) had school gardens. Ninety-seven schools in cities and 67 in counties had school gardens. The total area and school garden size at schools in Jeollabuk-do were $45,490m^2$ and $277m^2$ per school, respectively, as well as $1.6m^2$ per students. School gardens varied in type, and percentages of outdoor and off-campus gardens were 67.2% and 17.2%, respectively. There were differences in the set up, type of garden, annual operating budget, and participants in school garden programs according to the location (city or county) of the school The installation and automation of facilities in the garden (such as greenhouse, tool shed, resource recycling facility, etc.) were poor. Most schools grew various kinds of plants, including vegetables, crops, ornamentals, and fruits. Teachers most often operated school gardens and taught students. Teachers had difficulty managing school gardens due to absence of knowledge about sustaining gardens. Most respondents reported the need for a school garden training program. Sixty-one percent of schools reported that the garden was used for academic instruction, especially during class. The majority of respondents agreed that school gardens have a positive effect and wanted to increase classes related to school gardens. Accordingly, in order to sustain school gardens and maximize their effects, systematic and customized support is needed that considers the characteristics and circumstances of the school. The facilities and features of the garden should be improved, and the school garden training program for teachers should attempt to reduce the effort required to manage the garden and increase utilization efficiency. In addition, participation of garden coordinators, parents, and community volunteers in managing gardens and implementing garden lessons is required.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

전 세계적으로 대형 공원 설계공모가 급증하고 있지만 이에 대한 체계적 검토와 비판적 연구는 드물다. 대표적인 대형 공원 설계공모였던 행정중심복합도시 중앙녹지공간 국제설계공모는 동시대 대형 공원의 설계 전략을 고찰할 수 있는 의미 있는 소재이다. 본 연구는 공모전의 지침서 및 '대형 공원'과 관련된 기존의 문헌 연구를 통해 분석틀을 마련하고, 이를 바탕으로 열개의 결선작을 분석하였다. 분석틀로 도출된 네 가지 질문은 대형 공원에 대한 접근 방식, 프로세스 설계, 공원의 지속가능성, 도시와의 관계이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대형 공원의 설계 개념은 주로 대상지 내부의 특성에서 나온다. 특히 공원의 정체성 확보가 대형 공원에서는 중요하다. 둘째, 본 연구의 네 가지 질문을 모두 만족시킨 설계안은 찾기 어려웠으며, 여전히 시각적, 형태중심적, 결과중심적 설계가 많았다. 셋째, 대형 공원의 '지속가능성'은 생태적 측면, 재정적 측면, 프로그램 측면, 커뮤니티 측면 등 다양한 측면을 아우르는 포괄적인 개념이다. 하지만 그 개념이 아직 모호하고, 구체적인 운영 및 관리 프로그램들이 부족하다. 넷째, 대형 공원은 도시와의 관계 맺기에 적극적으로 나선다. 특히, '생산하는 공원'과 '도시의 자급자족성 확보'는 대형 공원에 요청되는 중요한 필요조건이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Purpose: This study measured and analyzed the PTO (power take off) torque of a transplanter according to the planting conditions during field operation. Methods: A torque measurement system was constructed with torque sensors to measure the torque of a PTO shaft, a measurement device to acquire sensor signals, and a power controller to provide power for a laptop computer. The field operation was conducted at four planting distances (26, 35, 43, and 80 cm) and two planting depths using the transplanter on a field with similar soil conditions. One-way ANOVA with planting distance and Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the PTO torque. The torque ratio was calculated based on the minimum torque using the average PTO torque measured under each planting condition. Results: The average torques on the PTO shaft for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a low planting depth were 11.05, 9.07, 7.04, and 3.75 Nm, respectively; the same for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a middle planting depth were 12.20, 9.86, 7.94, and 4.32 Nm, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at a low planting depth increased by 88, 142, and 195%, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at the middle planting depth increased by 84, 128, and 182%, respectively. Conclusions: PTO torque fluctuated by planting distance and depth. Moreover, the PTO torque increased for short planting distances. Therefore, farmers should determine the planting conditions of the transplanter by considering the load and durability of the machine. The results of this study provide useful information pertaining to the optimum PTO design of the transplanter considering the field load.