• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1994

To investigate phytotoxic substances in Artemisia argyi, the donor plant, and their biological activities, seed germination and seedling growth of receptor plants such as Arundinella hirta, Echinochloa crus-galli, Rumex crispus and Lactuca sativa were examined at different concentrations of aqueous extracts of the donor plant. Germination of four receptor species was inhibited by the extracts, while seedling growth was decreased to a lesser degree than in the germintion test. Germination, seedling growth and dry weight growth of Achyranthes japonica grown in pot were proportionally inhibited by the extracts. Volatile substances emitted from A, argi plant caused slight inhibition in the germination and seedling growth of the receptor species. Essential oil of the plant extracted by Karlsruker's apparatus inhibited growth of microorganisms and callus growth of Pinellia ternata and Oryza sativa. The GC /MS method was employed for analysis and identification of allelochemicals from A. argyi leaves. Sixty-one chemical substances such as a-pinene, camphene, 1. 8-cineol, etc. were identified from essential oil of A. argyi. The results of this experiment on seed germination, seedling growth, microorganism culture and tissue culture indicated that naturally occurring chemical substances from A. argyi would be responsible for the growth inhibition of plants studied.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Invasive alien species (IAS) can affect agricultural ecosystem negatively and critically. The geographical distributions of nine IAS plants in Korean orchards and uplands were investigated. Ambrosia artemisiifolia distributed widely in Korean peninsula and Ambrosia trifida distributed intensively in Gyeonggi-do. Aster pilosus distributed in Gyeonggi-Gangwon region and Lactuca scariola distributed linear region from the north-western to south-eastern part of Korea. Hypochaeris radicata distributed mainly in Jeju-do and Solanum carolinense distributed in eastern Gyeonggi-do. Rumex acetosella and Sicyos angulatus sporadically occurred in Korean croplands and Eupatorium rugosum was found in one region only. The distribution of IAS plants in croplands was very similar to that in non-croplands suggesting that ecological position of arable lands is not different from that of non-arable lands. Therefore, IAS plants in the croplands should be managed for not only prevention of yield reduction, but also protection or maintenance of original ecosystem. Development of management methods apposite to current Korean status are required to control IAS plants in croplands.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

The study was to investigate and compare plants and frequency of appearing species of vegetation transect in a straight and a restoration Section of Bulgwang stream in Seoul. Some part of Bulgwang stream was restored as a closed-to-nature stream. This present study consists of two investigations, the first investigation being conducted on May and the second one on August -September 2003. Based on the analysis of the data collected from both investigations, this study classified and listed all of the plants appeared in a straight and a restoration section of the stream. The study used the Belt-transect method in order to examine and analyze discover the appearance frequency of the vegetaton transect per 200 meters. During the period of the first investigation and the second one, plants of 33 families, 73 classes, and 88 species appeared in the straight section, while plants of 36 families, 76 classes, and 90 species appeared in the restoration section. The Naturalized Index of the straight section was 22.7％, and that of the restoration section was 21.1％. As shown on the results indicating that the Urbanization Index of the straight section was 7.8％, and that of the restoration section was 7.4％, the Urbanization Index of the straight section was slightly higher than the restoration section. The results using belt-transect analysis method showed that in case of the straight section, the plants of the highest appearance frequency on the riverside were Persicaria hydropiper and Humulus japonicus. On the contrary, in the case of restoration section, the plants showing a higher appearance frequency on the riverside were identified as Salix gracilistyla, Persicaria hydropiper, Rumex crispus, and Humulus japonicus. In conclusion, there was no difference between the straight and the restoration section in the bank with regard to vegetation transect. However, a remarkable difference was found on the riverside for the Salix gracilistyla which was introduced in the restoration section.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2010

A total of 10 islands (Kumodo and Komundo in Yeosu City; Oinarodo in Goheung County; Chongsando, Soando, and Pogildo in Wando County; Chodo in Jindo County; Uido, Huksando, and Hongdo in Shinan County) were surveyed to confirm distribution of naturalized plants from June 2006 to December 2008. A total of 100 naturalized plants taxa from 25 families were recorded. The highest number of naturalized plant species (82 taxa) was recorded on Oinarodo, while the lowest number was recorded on Hongdo (42 taxa) and on Uido (34 taxa). A total of 26 naturalized species taxa (such as Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Bromus unioloides, Rumex obtusifolius, Chenopodium album, Phytolacca americana, Barbarea vulgaris, Lepidium apetalum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Trifolium repens, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Senecio vulgaris, Xanthium strumarium) was recorded in all study areas. Distribution of naturalized plants were categorized into 7 habitat types based on ecological traits: afforested land, beach, port, and vacant land, road boundary, road cut and slope area, waste arable land, landfill area, and wetland. Systematic management is required to conserve unique landscape, species diversity, vegetation and ecosystem of Dadohae National Park. In order to manage the naturalized plants in Dadohae National Park, basic surveys are most needed to understand distribution and dispersal of naturalized plants communities based on ecological features of each habitat type.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.347-372
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for management of the ecosystem of Baekdudaegan Mountains by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed from Hyangrobong area to Guryongryeong area. The numbers of vascular plants in the whole survey areas were summarized as 633 taxa including 95 families, 321 genera, 549 species, 4 subspecies, 70 varieties, and 10 forms. There were 285 taxa in Hyangrobong area, 256 taxa in Masanbong area, 318 taxa in Mt. Seoraksan area, 281 taxa in Mt. Jeombongsan area, 173 taxa in Bukamryeong and Ohsaekcheon valley area, 197 taxa in Soenadeuri area, 203 taxa in Yeongarigol area, and 168 taxa in Guryongryeong area. The endangered species were 2 taxa including Leontice microrrhyncha and Smilacina bicolor. The rare plants were 39 taxa including Pinus pumila, Halenia corniculata, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, and so forth. In IUCN Red List categories, there were 2 taxa of CR, 7 taxa of EN, 10 taxa of VU, 18 taxa of LC, and 2 taxa of DD. The Korean endemic plants were 23 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Anemone koraiensis, Lespedeza maritima, Cirsium setidens, Saussurea seoulensis, Carex okamotoi, and so forth. The plants adaptable to climate change were 48 taxa including 17 taxa of endemic plants, 1 taxon of southern plant, and 30 taxa of northern plants. The naturalized plants were 32 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Cerastium glomeratum, Papaverrhoeas, Bidensfrondosa, Lolium perenne, and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Ambrosia trifida.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

This study conducted a survey on flora at Mt. susdolbon(508m), Mt. seongjubong (625.3m), and Mt. sulibong(596.2m), located in Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. A total of 403 taxa, including 6 forms, 43 varieties, 4 subspecies, 350 species, 255 genera, and 84 families, were surveyed in the three mountain areas. 18 taxa from 5 families of ferns, 3 taxa from 1 family of gymnosperms, and the dicotyledonous plants as 302 taxa from 69 families of the dicotyledonous plants were identified. The remarkable plants included 11 taxa of the Korean endemic plants, such as Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Clematis trichotoma, Echinosophora koreensis, Vicia chosenensis, Salvia chanryoenica, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis. The rare plants designated by the Korea Forest Service were 4 taxa, including Echinosophora koreensis as endangered species (EC), Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Epimedium koreanum, and Lilium cernuum. The Least Concern species (LC) were 13 taxa, including Persicaria orientalis, Exochorda serratifolia, Viola diamantiaca, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Trigonotis icumae. The invasive alien plants were 28 taxa, including Persicaria orientalis, Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Oxalis dillenii, Euphorbia supina, and Oenothera biennis, accounting for 6.9 percent of the 403 taxa of the surveyed plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-55
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• 2022

This study conducted a flora survey in the areas of Mt. Sambong (282m) and Mt. Jaung (263m), located in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 434 taxa, including 6 forms, 34 varieties, 11 subspecies, 383 species, 271 genera, and 94 families, were surveyed in the two mountain areas. The ferns were identified as 24 taxa from 10 families, the gymnosperms as 8 taxa from 2 families, the dicotyledonous plants as 322 taxa from 73 families, and the monocotyledonous plants as 80 taxa from 9 families. Five taxa, including Salix koriyanagi, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, and Hemerocallis hakuunensi, were identified as the Korean endemic plants. Eight taxa, including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Tylophora floribunda, and Iris minutiaurea as Vulnerable species, andAristolochia contorta, Viola diamantiaca, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Lilium distichum, andArisaema heterophyllumas Least Concern species, were designated as rare and endangered plants designated by the Korea Forest Service. The invasive alien plants were 40 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Silene armeria, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Magnolia obovata, Potentilla supina, Amorpha fruticosa, Medicago sativa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Trifolium repens, Euphorbia supina, Hibiscus trionum, and Oenothera biennisaccounting for 9.2 percent of the 434 taxa of the surveyed plants. As this area is a mountainous area close to settlement facilities, it is believed that ecological preservation measures and measures of specialized plants should be implemented.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-58
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• 2023

In this study, we conducted a flora survey at Mt.Bakdal (363m) and Mt. Myeongbong (245.3m) in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 405 taxa, including 2 forms, 32 varieties, 8 subspecies, 363 species, 261 genera, and 87 families, were surveyed in the two mountain areas. The ferns were identified as 12 taxa from 6 families, the gymnosperms as 6 taxa from 2 families, the dicotyledonous plants as 290 taxa from 70 families, and the monocotyledonous plants as 97 taxa from 9 families. The remarkable plants included 8 taxa of the Korean endemic plants, which were Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Clematis brachyura, Viola seoulensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis, and 3 taxa of the rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Tylophora floribunda as Vulnerable (VU) species, and Viola albida and Chionanthus retusus as Least Concern (LC) species. The invasive alien plants were 35 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Lepidium virginicum, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Trifolium repens, accounting for 8.5 percent of the 405 taxa of the surveyed plants. We intend to further identify plants through the studies on unsurveyed areas in the western part of the DMZ, identify the native habitats of rare and specialty plants, and use them as basic data for managing ecosystem-disturbing plants.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

This study was investigated in order to occurrence of weed flora in orchard (apple, grape, peach, pear etc.) fields and to the establishment of weed control basic data in these weeds. And this study was survey on 2015. As a result of the study on orchard weeds, there were total of 492 weeds including 63 families. Among all the weeds, 159 species were annual, 97 species were winter annual and 236 were perennial. Each fruit tree patterns of occurrence weeds, 306 species 50 families in apple orchard, 304 species 50 families in pear orchard, 286 species 50 families in grape orchard, and 288 species 48 families in peach orchard. Dominance was the highest with Digitaria ciliaris followed by Artemisia princeps, Stellaria aquatica, Commelina communis, Acalypha australis etc. in order. And exotics weeds occurred 127 species. Trifolium repens was the highest in importance analysis and the followings were in order of Conyza canadensis, Chenopodium album, Taraxacum offcinale, Rumex crispus etc. Changes in weed vegetation in orchard during 30 years, did not very many changed. In 1990, D. ciliaris, Persicaria hydropiper, Portulaca loeracea were dominant. In 2003, D. ciliaris was the most abundant species, followed by A. australis, A. princeps species. And in 2015, also D. ciliaris was the most dominant, followed by A. princeps, S. aquatica.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develope identification method with major broad leaved weed seedlings. Characteristics of weed seedlings were investigated at two to four true leaf stage. Qualitative characteristics were more useful to identification of weed species than quantitative characteristics at the seedling stage. Many species were elliptic and broadly elliptic type in their cotyledon shape. Cotyledon shape of Cassia nomame and Calystegia sepium were broadly oblong. Four species were transverse broadly elliptic in their cotyledon shape. Rumex japonicus, Persicaria hydropiper, Euphorbia supina and Acalypha australis have three or more types in their cotyledon shape. Cotyledons of Vigna angularis var. nipponensis remained below ground after its germination. Many species were round in apex and were cuneate in base of cotyledon. Humulus japonicus and Polygonum aviculare were sessile in cotyledon base. The second true leaf shape of some species changed after first leaf stages. Glycine soja, V. angularis var. nipponensis and Kummerowia striata were broadly ovate, heart-shaped, orbicular or broadly obovate in their first true leaf, respectively, but the second true leaf shape of them were tripalmately compound. Aeschynomene indica and Cassia nomame were paripinnately compound leaf in their first and second true leaves. Margin of true leaves were entire in many species but six species including Xanthium occidentale were dentate in their true leaf margins. Margin of Euphorbia supina was entire in first true leaf and dentate in second true leaf. Margin of Chenopodium album and C. serotinum were entire in their first true leaf stage and erose in their second true leaf stage. The key for weed seedling identification of major weed species were made based on quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics.