• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2014

Objective: We developed a Motor-Assisted Rowing Machine (MARM) for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), by modification of the Concept II rowing machine, so that the seats could be operated automatically in a backward and forward direction by a motor. Design: Case report. Methods: Motor rowing consisted of a chair with inclination control, a motor system, control button, monitor, program, leg supporter, safety belt, and seat. The patients were 2 men rowing athletes with SCI, classified as American Spinal Injury Association class B, participated in the study. Level of thoracic injury ranged from T8 to T10. The subjects rowed at a self-selected stroke rate with 50 watts. Two different rowing methods (static rowing without movement of the seat, dynamic rowing using MARM) were assigned to each participant during 10 minutes; 34 reflective markers were attached to their full bodies. Kinematic data were collected using the Vicon motion analysis system. Based on the full body model provided as a default by the equipment. In the rowing exercise, the rowing motions were divided into Drive Phase and Recovery Phase. Results: The two rowing methods differ in handle range, seat range, handle and seat ratio, handle velocity, and seat velocity during static and dynamic rowing. The rowing exercise using a rowing machine developed MARM increased tendency to the range of motion in the dynamic method compared to the static method. Conclusions: The newly developed MARM could be a useful whole body exercise for people with SCI.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2004

This study aimed to know the effects of three marine training items, swimming, rowing and yachting on pulse, lung capacity and weight. The experiment subjects were composed of ten each item and were tested for six days. The experiment groups were strictly controlled in eating time, food amount, sleeping time and training intensity. The level of training intensity was 70~80% of maximal pulse rate. In the training intensity of each item the speed was decided after examination in advance, and the trainees kept the speed during training. The contents of training were made up through enough examination. The conclusions were as follows. 1. The effect on pulse in average value showed the decrease of 1.80round/min swimming, 1.51round/min rowing, and 0.11round/min yachting, but it was not admitted as significant difference. And in average value, swimming showed the decrease of 0.26round/m than rowing and 1.69round/m than yachting. 2. The effect on lung capacity showed the increase of 66.66cc swimming, 42.97cc rowing, and 4.22cc yachting, but there was no significant difference. And the average value of swimming showed the increase of 23.66cc than rowing, and 62.44cc than yachting. 3. The effect on weight showed decrease of 3.45g in swimming, 3.24g in rowing, and 2.07g in yachting. Swimming and rowing proved to have significant difference (p<.05). And in average value, swimming showed the decrease of 1.175g than rowing, and 1.38g than yachting. On the whole, in all experiment items, pulse, lung capacity and weight, the change was in the order of swimming, rowing and yachting after experiments.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

본 논문은 다중의 플레이어들이 단합된 동작을 통해 노를 저어 보트를 이동시키도록 하기 위해 동작에 의해 구동되는 조정(rowing) 시뮬레이션 프레임워크를 제안한다. 실제 조정 경기에서 보트를 가속하기 위해서는 선수들이 시간과 자세에 대해 노 젓는 동작을 동기화 시키는 것이 매우 중요하다. 조정의 이러한 흥미로운 특징을 이용하여, 본 논문에서는 다중 플레이어들이 노 젓는 동작을 수행하는 동안 그들 사이의 동작 유사도를 실시간으로 측정하고 그 유사도에 기반하여 가상 환경에서 보트의 속도를 제어한다. 또한 제안된 프레임워크에 아이템 획득과 같은 게임적인 요소들을 추가하여 플레이어들의 조화된 행동에 의해 아이템을 획득한 경우 아이템 종류에 따라 배의 속도가 증가하거나 감소하도록 한다. 이러한 게임적인 요소들은 플레이어들이 단합된 조정 동작을 생성하기 위한 좋은 팀워크를 훈련할 때 좀더 적극적으로 참여하도록 장려한다. 노 젓는 동작과 아이템을 획득하는 동작을 인식하기 위해 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 머리와 양손에 대한 추적 데이터만을 필요로 하며 실시간에 동작할 정도로 충분히 빠르다. 몰입감을 높이기 위해 조정 시뮬레이션 결과를 대형 곡면 스크린에 프로젝션 한다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how effects creatine dosage has on the improvement of rowing athletes' performance ability. Rowing athletes were administered with creatine, through which to examine the change of athletic performance ability, blood fatigue substances, and muscular activity. The subjects (participants) of this Study consisted of 12 male rowing athletes at P University, with at least 5 years of rowing experiences, which divided into two groups - creatine dosing group of 6 persons and control group of 6 persons - for random sampling measurement. Enzymatic-colorimetric method using lacrate oxidase and 4-aminoantipyrine was performed for blood lactate level analysis, and wireless EMG system (QEMG-4: Lxtha Korea) for muscular activity analysis, with 4 channels set for data analysis. As body parts to be measured, two muscular parts - latissimus dorsi and lumbar spinel - were chosen. Then, on the 5th day from the date of administering them with creatine (that is, 4 days after dosing them with creatine), rowing movement with the highest level of activity was calculated as peak value, which was measured twice. The test data used for this Study were SPSS/PC 18.0, pre-movement and post-movement two-way ANOVA for repeated measurement for comparative analysis of each muscle, with significant level at .05. As a result, the change of blood lactate level was significantly higher in creatine dosing group than in non-dosing group (p<.05). As for the change of muscular activity, both latissimus dorsi and lumbar spinel showed a significantly higher change of muscle in creatine dosing group than in non-dosing group (p<.05 and p<.05, respectively).

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of joint kinematics and synchronicity of rowing motion between elite and non-elite rowers. Methods: Two elite and two non-elite rowers performed rowing strokes (3 trials, 20 strokes in each trial) at three different stroke rates (20, 30, 40 stroke/min) on two stationary rowing ergometers. The rowing motions of the rowers were captured using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system (8-infrared camera VICON system, Oxford, UK). The range of motion (RoM) of the knee, hip, and elbow joints on the sagittal plane, the lead time ($T_{Lead}$) and the drive time $T_{Drive}$) for each joint, and the elapsed time for the knee joint to maintain a fully extended position ($T_{Knee}$) during the stroke were analyzed and compared between elite and non-elite rowers. Synchronicity of the rowing motion within and between groups was examined using coefficients of variation (CV) of the $T_{Drive}$ for each joint. Results: Regardless of the stroke rate, the RoM of all joints were greater for the elite than for non-elite rowers, except for the RoMs of the knee joint at 30 stroke/min and the elbow joint at 40 stroke/min (p < .05). Although the $T_{Lead}$ at all stroke rates were the same between the groups, the $T_{Drive}$ for each joint was shorter for the elite than for the non-elite rowers. During the drive phase, elite rowers kept the fully extended knee joint angle longer than the non-elite rowers (p < .05). The CV values of the TDrive within each group were smaller for the elite compared with non-elite rowers, except for the CV values of the hip at all stroke/min and elbow at 40 stroke/min. Conclusion: The elite, compared with non-elite, rowers seem to be able to perform more powerful and efficient rowing strokes with large RoM and a short $T_{Drive}$ with the same $T_{Lead}$.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.719-730
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• 2018

이 연구는 충주 조정아카데미 참여동기와 만족 및 지속의도의 관계를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 조정체험아카데미 이용한 경험이 있는 일반인들을 모집단으로 설정하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통하여 2017년 8월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 총 230부의 설문지를 배포하여 불성실하게 응답했거나 조사내용의 일부가 누락되어 신뢰성이 떨어지는 자료 29부를 제외한 201부를 유효 표본으로 설정하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 21과 IBM AMOS 21을 이용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 구조방정식모형 분석을 통한 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 조정체험아카데미의 참여동기 요인 중 건강지향, 가정지향, 사교지향, 여가지향 등이 만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 조정체험아카데미 만족은 지속의도에 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to verify the validation of exercise effect with loading deviation during rowing exercise. We performed evaluation of based physical fitness and joint torque before the experiment for finding muscle unbalance. So we recruited twenty four subjects who have bigger muscle strength in more 20% than average one. Subjects divided two groups. One is dominant upper limbs(DU) and the other was dominant lower limbs(DL). Subjects performed rowing exercise using electric equipment (Robo.gym.Humonic.korea). Exercise is performed four sets a day including 25 times a set, and three days a week. Measurement consist of evaluation of based physical fitness and joint torque using biodex(biodex system3.USA). Evaluation of exercise effect performed each week in joint torque of shoulder, lumbar and knee joint and each month in based physical fitness. Also we adapted 30% of 1RM for muscular endurance and 70% of 1RM for muscle strength as exercise load. The results showed that the difference of maximal peak torque were getting increase significantly during exercise. Also difference of various factor in based physical fitness were getting increase significantly except flexibility and agility. This interpreted that rowing exercise with loading deviation types could provide muscle strength and muscular endurance exercise in same time. These results could be interpret to two ways. One is effect of improving physical fitness for rowing exercise and the other meaned validation of loading deviation in rowing exercise. Our study is going to verify the validation of loading deviation during rowing and we found out that loading deviation could provide muscle strength and muscular endurance exercise for improving muscle unbalance. Our study can be used development of exercise equipment and program for normal people with muscle unbalance. Also that provide effect of whole body exercise to anybody.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2018

This epidemiological study aims to determine the incidence, areas, severity, and time of occurrence of sports injuries in elite female rowing athletes who were training at the Jincheon National Training Center for a 1-year period from January 1st to December 31st, 2017. According to the daily injury reports form of the IOC, sport events, weight division, injured area, and cause of injury were recorded, and the following results were found. Upon comparing the incidence of sports injuries, there was a significant difference in weight of double scull athletes. In terms of sports, there was a significant difference between pair and athletes who played double skull. Injuries occurred most commonly in the lower extremity (40.5%), followed by the trunk (35.1%), upper extremity (24.3%). for all athletes in rowing. The knee and lumbar spine/lower back were the most common injury sites. More than 60% of all injuries were Level III, and injuries occurred most frequently during training, followed by weight training and then competition.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 로잉 운동 시 팔의 운동 궤적별 상 하지 근육활성화와 근력변화를 고찰하였다. 피험자는 로잉운동이나 운동관련 상해경험이 없는 20대 남성 20명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 피험자들은 기존의 운동궤적으로 운동을 하는 대조군과 새로운 운동궤적으로 운동을 하는 훈련으로 각각 10명씩 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. 운동은 총 8주간 주 3일 운동을 실시하였다. 운동 중 실시간 근전도를 측정하였으며 매주 1회 관절토크를 측정하였다. 실시간 근전도 결과 운동궤적에 따라 서로 다른 근육활성개시구간을 나타냈다. 이는 운동궤적에 따라 운동추진력을 다른 근육에서 활성화 하는 것을 의미하며, 관절토크 변화에서도 운동궤적에 따라 다른 변화를 나타냈다. 직선궤적운동에서는 상지 보다는 하지의 토크 변화가 컸으며 이는 운동 추진력을 하지 위주로 발생되는 것을 의미한다. 타원궤적운동에서는 상지, 요추, 하지 모두에서 큰 토크 변화가 나타났으며 이는 운동 추진력을 단관절이 아닌 다관절에서 발생되는 것으로 판단된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of rowing ergometer training on the aerobic capacity and strength of male high school students over a 12-week period. Methods: Fourteen high school students volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: seven subjects in the experimental group and seven in the control group. The subjects in the experimental group performed rowing ergometer training for 75 min per session at three days a week for 12 weeks. The exercise intensity set the maximum heart rate (HRmax) from 40% to 80%. Aerobic capacity was measured by ventilation, cardiac output, and oxygen intake per body weight. Strength was measured by grip strength and back strength before and after training. Results: A significantly increased ventilation (p=0.01), cardiac output (p=0.01), and oxygen intake per body weight (p=0.00) were found in the experimental group. A significantly increased grip strength in the right and left hands (p=0.00, 0.00) and back strength (p=0.04) were observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: Rowing ergometer training can be an effective combined exercise for aerobic capacity and strength of high school students.