• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.586-590
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• 2005

In order to compare the dynamic loading effects of particular trains it is necessary to use methodology that separates the two inherent aspects of the dynamic response of the total dynamic system-the characteristics of the train and a bridge. Because the train signature profile is a function of axle spacing and axle loads, it can be calculated which is independent of the characteristics of an individual bridge. Thus the use of the train signature enables a rapid comparison of the effects of different trains to be made. If the magnitude of train signature for a new train type is less than of existing trains on a route then the route will be satisfactory for the new train. This study presents a quantitative analysis of the dynamic loading effects for various domestic real trains-PMC8, PMC16, Mugunhwa passenger coach, several freight coach, KTX and TTX(Tilting Train Express)- Using the train signature.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.254-257
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• 1998

Esophageal foreign body are not uncommon problems in the otolaryngologic field. Esophageal foreign body may cause severe complications such as esophageal ulceration, esophageal perforation, periesophagitis, tracheo-esophageal fistula, mediastinitis, pneumothorax pyothorax according to the kinds, shape, size, duration of lodgement of foreign body. The majority of esophageal foreign U which lodge in the esophagus can be removed endoscopically, but the following type of foreign body may require removal by external route. 1. an impacted foreign body 2. a foreign body producing esophagitis after unsuccessful attempts at removal through the esopahgoscope 3. a periesophageal abscess with a foreign body lodging in the abscess itself. Recently, we experienced a case of esophageal foreign body (fish bone) which penetrate the cervical esophageal wall and formed retropharyngeal abscess in 54-year old female. The foreign body are successfully removed and abscess was drained by external route through the lat neck.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2002

Pure and nano-sized $TiO_2$ and $CaTiO_3$ powders were fabricated by a polymeric steric entrapment route and planetary milling process. An ethylene glycol was used as a polymeric carrier for the preparation of organic-inorganic precursors. Titanium isopropoxide and calcium nitrate were dissolved in liquid-type ethylene glycol without any precipitation. At the optimum amount of the polymer, the metal cations were dispersed in solution and a homogeneous polymeric network was formed. The dried precursor ceramic gels were turned to porous powders through calcination process. The porous powders were crystallized at low temperatures and the crystalline powders were planetary milled to nano size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.440-441
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• 2006

Several titanate powders ($Al_2TiO_5,\;SrTiO_3$, etc.) were synthesized by an ethylene glycol solution route. Titanium isopropoxide and nitrate salts were dissolved in stoichiometric proportions in liquid-type ethylene glycol without any precipitation. The parent precursor sols were dried to porous gels, and then the gels were calcined and crystallized. All synthesized titanate powders had stable crystallization behavior at low temperature and high specific surface area after a simple ball-milling process. A three-component PZT $(Pb(Zr_{0.52}{\cdot}Ti_{0.48})O_3)$ powder was also synthesized successfully by the ethylene glycol method. In this study, the characteristics of the multi-component titanate powders by the ethylene glycol method are examined.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-62
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• 1992

This paper describes a procedure for optimizing the route selection and production conditions in alternate process plans under a cellular manufacturing environment. The type of production is mainly production-to-order which deals with unexpected products as the changes factor. The flexible cellular manufacturing can be viewed as a complete unification of both flexible manufacturing process and flexible production management. The integrated problem for designing flexible cellular manufacturing associated with determining the optimal values of the machining speeds, overtime, and intercell flow is formulated as Nonlinear Mixed Integer Programming(NMIP) in order to minimize total production change cost. This is achieved by introducing the marginal cost analysis into the NMIP, which will compute the optimal machining speed, overtime, intercell flow, and routing. The application of this procedure offers greater flexibility to take advantage of the cellular manufacturing due to the optimum use of resources. A solution procedure for this problem was developed and a numerical example is included.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.433-443
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• 2005

This paper show that, without installation of expensive VR (Virtual Reality) program, the sharing information is possible through posting three-dimensional road structures on the web, and avoiding the conventional top-down decision making method, fast bottom-up communication is possible base on the Virtual GIS (Geographic Information System). In this paper, using Viewpoint Scene Builder, internet-based software, the transformation was conducted to give pertinent type for web posting. In order to use the completed route at the scene builder, the output with ASCII Export is required, and ASE (ASCII Scene Export) contains the property information including the coordinate and frame of mesh vertex. Through in advance recognition of the problems regarding route design and petition due to environmental rights infringement, the time and cost due to design alteration can be reduced. It's difficult to provide VR based on the internet because file that embodied with internet GIS was complicated and its capacity comes to scores of mega-bites. But, this study provides VR with internet according to a basis by simplification of files.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.720-724
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• 2016

Transparent n-type metal-oxide semiconductor of $MoO_x$ was applied on a p-type Si substrate for high-performing heterojunction photodetector. The formation of $MoO_x$ on Si spontaneously established a rectifying current flow with a high rectification ratio of 1,252.3%. Under light illumination condition, n-type $MoO_x$/p-type Si heterojunction device provided significantly fast responses (rise time : 61.28 ms, fall time : 66.26 ms). This transparent metal-oxide layer ($MoO_x$) would provide a functional route for various photoelectric devices, including photodetectors and solar cells.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect effects of residential satisfaction on the quality of life and to analyze the difference according to the residence type. The subjects of this study were 422 elderly people aged 65 or older residing in two metropolitan municipalities. The data were analyzed by using structural equation model by multi-group analysis. The results showed that the degree of satisfaction with the residential environment indirectly affected not only the quality of life of the elderly but also social participation activities. As a result of verifying the difference of the residential satisfaction and quality of life path according to the residence type, there was a difference in the route between groups according to the type of residence. This study is significant in that the elderly who have not been interested in the elderly housing policy have been investigated and the relationship between the residential satisfaction and quality of life of the elderly by residence type has been investigated .

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 1996

A design method of fuzzy modeling is presented for the model identification of route choice of traffic problems.The proposed fuzzy modeling implements system structure and parameter identification in the eficient form of""IF..., THEN-.."", using the theories of optimization theory, linguistic fuzzy implication rules. Three kinds ofmethod for fuzzy modeling presented in this paper include simplified inference (type I), linear inference (type 21,and proposed modified-linear inference (type 3). The fuzzy inference method are utilized to develop the routechoice model in terms of accurate estimation and precise description of human travel behavior. In order to identifypremise structure and parameter of fuzzy implication rules, improved complex method is used and the least squaremethod is utilized for the identification of optimum consequence parameters. Data for route choice of trafficproblems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed fuzzy modeling. The results show that the proposedmethod can produce the fuzzy model with higher accuracy than previous other studies -BL(binary logic) model,B(production system) model, FL(fuzzy logic) model, NN(neura1 network) model, and FNNs (fuzzy-neuralnetworks) model -.fuzzy-neural networks) model -.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1309-1320
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• 2015

This study made an attempt to analyse the relationship between operation environment and fleet size per route which represents the level of service for inner-city bus service. Regression analysis method has been adopted as main analysis tool and 98 routes of bus operation status in Ulsan city as of 2013 has also been selected for analysis target. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three types of model for whole sample, type operation, and bus route operation system. These are the results of the current study. 1. The model developed for whole sample of 98 routes is as follows. Y(Fleet Size)=$-4.532+0.00002877*X_1$(Revenue). This model shows that it is necessary to have more than 140 passengers per day to increase fleet size of each bus route in Ulsan. 2. Models developed by type of operation (which are standard, express, and middle sized) are shown below. Stand Bus : Y(Fleet Size)=$-10.954+0.00004283*X_1$(Revenue). It is identified that more than 153 passengers need to use standard bus to increase fleet size per each standard bus, Middle Sized Bus : Y(Fleet Size)=-0.859+0.00001438*X1(Revenue). For middle sized bus, at least 52 daily passengers are needed to increase number of bus in each route. 3. Models developed for each route operation systems are as belows. Joint Operation Group : Y(Fleet Size)=$-4.786+0.00003028*X_1$(Revenue). Individual Operation Group : Y(Fleet Size)=$-2.339+0.00002030*X_1$(Revenue). These model provide similar result which 140 people is the minimum number of passenger to raise the number of vehicles in each route. This result shows that the route operation systems does not affect the raise number of cars significantly.