• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : This study aims to review a plan to reduce the shoulder width of a deformed round-trip two-lane highway with low traffic volume. METHODS : Installation of a passing lane on a round-trip two-lane (one-way one-lane) highway, and reduction of a shoulder for a round-trip four-lane highway. RESULTS : It is necessary to establish a design criterion for various highways, because the plan to reduce the lane or shoulder width of a highway with low traffic volume was analyzed to have an economic efficiency of 6.8~7.0%. CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to seek for a plan to establish a national trunk net early by efficiently using the limited financial resources to cope with the traffic demand elastically.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.668-680
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• 2000

The study presents the general types and individual differences of the shape of the adult women's neck and shoulder in our country. It is based on the average value, the standard deviation, the maximum value, the standard deviation, the maximum value, the minimum value and c.v. measured from the women at the age of 19 through 64. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The factors by factor analysis are five. The first is the size factors of the neck and shoulder. The second is shape factor of neck. The third is plane view and length factor of the neck. The fourth is the side view factor of the neck and shoulder. The fifth is the shape factor of shoulder. Therefore the shape of the neck and shoulder should be examined in the shape factors as well as in the size factors as well as in the size factors for the designing body-suitable clothes. 2. The factors of the concrete objects are the solid view of neck and shoulder, the cross-sectional view of neck line, side view of neck and shoulder and length of neck. The explainable measuring items for the factors are the difference of the length between lower neck round line and the 4㎝ above neck round line, the length of neck, the angle of inclination between fore neck and back neck, the angle of inclination of the side shoulder, the difference of the height between fore neck point and back neck point, the width of shoulder, the width of chest and the width of back. 3. The concrete objects of the neck and shoulder have five types ; Type Ⅰ is average type, Type Ⅱ is thick short neck and the drooping shoulder type, Type Ⅲ I is slender long neck and lean-back shoulder type, Type Ⅳ is thick and rising shoulder type and Type Ⅴ is slender and drooping shoulder type.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study is for the effects of upper trapezius (UT) inhibition on round shoulder posture (RSP) index, pectoralis minor index (PMI), UT activity and neck disability index (NDI) in adults with RSP. Methods: 30 male and female participants with RSP were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). the EG received UT inhibition 3 days a week for 5 weeks those in the CG did not receive UT inhibition. Results: RSP index, PMI, UT activity and NDI were measured again, There was a significant difference within the EG at pre- result and post-results. Conclusion: These results suggest that UT inhibition with an RSP program was effective in decreasing the RSP index, UT activity, and NDI in adults with RSP.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.254-264
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• 2021

본 연구는 둥근 어깨 자세를 가지고 있는 대학생들을 대상으로 매트 필라테스와 키네지오 테이핑을 적용하여 자세와 근육 특성의 변화를 알아보고 효과적인 중재를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대상자는 둥근 어깨 자세를 가진 남녀 28명이며, 매트 필라테스 집단(Mat pilates group: MPG, n=14)과 키네지오 테이핑 집단(Kineso taping group: KTG, n=14)으로 무작위 배정하였다. 각 집단은 4주동안 해당 중재를 실시하였으며, 중재 전과 후에 지면으로부터 어깨 봉우리까지의 거리(DGA)와 근육 특성(F:Frequency; S: Stiffness; D: Decrement)을 측정하였다. 집단 간 변화량의 차이는 독립 T 검증을 실시하였고, 집단 내의 사전-사후값의 차이는 대응표본 T검증을 실시하였다. 통계적 유의 수준은 𝛼=.05로 설정하였다. 두 집단의 DGA 변화를 측정한 결과, MPG에서는 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 두 집단의 근육 특성의 변화를 측정한 결과에서는 TL에서 F의 변화는 MPG에서 유의하게 증가하였고(p<.05), TG에서는 변화가 없었으며, 두 집단 간의 변화량에서는 MPG의 변화량이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). S의 변화는 MPG에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 따라서, 본 연구에서 실시한 매트 필라테스는 키네지오 테이핑에 비하여 둥근 어깨 자세의 개선과 근육 특성 변화에 효과적인 중재라고 생각한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.287-300
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to review materials that could provide basic data about sports brassieres. In this study, 486 sports brassieres were collected online from 31 brands between November 2015 and February 2016. First, the comparison of compression and encapsulation in sports brassieres identified many different styles. The characteristics of compression brassieres included a cut cup, the front center height of a full cup, round neckline, short front hem, all in one shoulder strap with a patterned racerback design, all in one closure, no wire, and separation cup styles. The characteristics of encapsulation brassieres included a V-shape neckline, mixed round shoulder strap design, back closure, and all in one cup. Second, the comparison of domestic and international sports brassieres sorted the items differently. The characteristics of domestic products included compression brassieres, non-cut cup, the front center height of a full cup, round neckline, short front hem, an all in one shoulder strap with a patterned round design, all in one closure, no wire, and a separation cup. The characteristics of international products included a cut up, racerback shoulder strap design, and an all in one cup. Third, the analysis of domestic and international sports brassieres sizes found that six options were available for domestic compression sports brassieres and nine sizes were available for international products. Domestic encapsulation sports brassieres offered five under bust sizes and five cup sizes. International products offered eight under bust sizes and sixteen cup sizes.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

본 연구는 머리전방자세와 둥근어깨자세에 대한 일반 운동과 동작관찰, 시각적 되먹임의 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 머리전방자세와 둥근어깨자세를 가진 24명으로 하였으며, 일반 운동군(8명), 동작관찰군(8명), 시각적 되먹임군(8명)으로 무작위 배분하였다. 모든 운동군은 주 3회, 총 4주간 운동하였다. 운동 전 후 머리척추각(CVA), 둥근어깨자세(RSP), 시각적 상사척도(VAS), 경부장애지수(NDI)를 평가하였다. 연구결과 CVA는 일반 운동군과 동작관찰군에서 유의한 변화를 보였으며, RSP, VAS, NDI의 경우 모든 운동군에서 유의한 변화를 보였다. 운동군 간 변화량 비교에서는 VAS에서 동작관찰군이 일반 운동군과 시각적 되먹임군보다 큰 변화량을 보였다. 본 연구결과 동작관찰이 머리전방자세와 둥근어깨자세의 개선에 효과가 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

Purpose: The aims of this study was to evaluate the effects of shoulder lateral rotation and trunk extension exercises on standing posture improvement exercises using turning round in the patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: For twenty-one patients with Parkinson's disease, shoulder lateral rotation and trunk extension exercises were performed for a total of three sets, ten times a set, three days a week for twelve weeks. To measure turning round, ink foot-print method was used. The number of steps and time were measured every week for before and after study (twelve weeks). Results: The results are as follows: Changes in steps and time on each week during twelve weeks showed significant differences, compared with before test(p<0.05). Conclusion: Standing posture improvement exercises can help perform turning round in the patients with Parkinson's disease.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shoulder stabilization exercise accompanied by application of a pelvic compression belt on the muscle activity, pain and function of the muscles around the shoulder in subjects with round shoulders. Methods : For the study method, 28 students who were enrolled in K University with a distance of 1 cm or more between the clavicle of the peak and the outer ear path were selected through GPS 400 global postural analysis system measurement. The subjects were randomly assigned to 14 participants in the group wearing a pelvic compression belt and 14 patients in the group not wearing a pelvic compression belt. In all subjects, the muscle activities of the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles and the shoulder pain disorder index (SPADI) were measured. The intervention was performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and the applied intervention was push-up plus and modified prone cobra exercise. The muscle activities of the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles and SPADI score were compared using dependent t test before and after intervention. Results : In this study, both groups showed that the muscle activity of the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior significantly increased after the intervention compared to before the intervention. On the other hand, SPADI showed no significant difference. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that muscle activity in the peri-shoulder joint was increased after push-up plus and modified prone cobra exercise in both groups, regardless of whether pelvic compression was applied or not. Therefore, it was found that shoulder stabilization exercise using the pelvic compression belt also contributed to the enhancement of muscle activity in the joints around the shoulder.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of each lower trapezius muscle exercise performed according to the abduction position (Y type - shoulder joint abduction 145 °, T type - shoulder joint abduction 90 °, and MPC type - shoulder joint 45 ° abduction) of the shoulder joint on the muscle activity of the round shoulder and lower trapezius muscle. Methods : This study was conducted on 31 adult men and women. Through random assignment, they were assigned to the Y group, T group, and MPC group. A 4-week intervention was performed for each group of 31 subjects who participated in the experiment, and shoulder height and lower trapezius muscle activity were measured before and after the intervention. Shoulder height measurement is a test to measure rounded shoulder posture. When the value is low, it means that rounded shoulder posture is improved. The muscle activity of the lower trapezius muscle was measured using the %MVIC method, and when the value is high, it means that the lower trapezius muscle is active. All measured data were verified using dependent t-tests for before and after comparisons and one-way analysis of variance for comparisons between groups. Results : The results of this study showed a significant decrease after intervention only in shoulder height. Muscle activity of the lower trapezius muscle decreased after intervention, but did not show a significant difference. Both variables showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion : The results of this study show that three lower trapezius muscle exercises were performed on subjects in rounded shoulder posture. All three groups showed a significant decrease in the shoulder height value, a method of measuring rounded shoulder posture, and no significant differences between groups could be confirmed. Therefore, all three exercises can be considered effective in reducing shoulder posture.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of home exercise program and exercise program of round shoulder adjustments on the level of trapezius muscle activity and attention capacity for middle school students. Method: The participants in this study were composed of 21 middle school students. We made the students lie on the floor in prone position, then measured the height of their acromion from the floor. We chose participants for our study whose measurement values were over 2.5cm. We divided them into two groups, one is for the experimental group, and the other is for the control group. The experimental group exercised three days a week for 6 weeks, including home training, and the control group didn't exercise. We used EMG to measure the trapezius muscle's activity and used a Stroop test for the measurement of the students' attention capacity. Results: The results of our study are as follows. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. However, there was a significant difference within the experimental group when comparing pre and post training results for Trapezius muscle activity and attention capacity. Conclusion: We found that correcting round shoulder symptom increases the Trapezius muscle activity and students' attention capacity. Future experiments should investigate with systemical management. Also, we need to increase the frequency of the exercise and participants.