• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.176-179
• /
• 2008

In a numerical simulation of open channel turbulent flows, the determination of wall roughness height for wall function was studied. The roughness constant, based on the law-of-the -wall for flow on rough walls, obtained by experimental works for pipe flows is employed in general wall functions. However, this constant of wall function is the function of Froude number in open channel flows. Thus, the wall roughness should be determined by taking into account the effect of Froude number. In addition, the wall roughness should be corresponding to Manning's roughness coefficient widely used for open channels. In this study, the relation between wall roughness height as an input condition and Manning's roughness coefficient was investigated, and an equation for effective wall roughness height considering the characteristics of numerical models was proposed as a function of Manning's roughness coefficient.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2016

In this paper, turbulence models for considering roughness in the open source code(OpenFOAM) was investigated. Wall function in the RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier - Stokes) turbulence model was modified considering roughness on the flat plate by using roughness function. Correlation between the first layer height in the CFD model and roughness height of the plate was observed, and the most proper roughness function, and the first layer height from the plate wall in the CFD analysis was suggested in this paper.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제28권6B호
• /
• pp.627-634
• /
• 2008

개수로의 난류흐름을 VOF(Volume of Fluid)기법을 채용한 RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) 방정식 모형을 사용하여 수치모의할 때 벽면함수의 거칠기를 산정하기 위해 고려해야 하는 점들을 연구하였다. 거친 벽면상의 흐름을 위한 벽면함수의 거칠기 상수(roughness constant)는 관수로 흐름의 실험을 통하여 얻어진 값을 사용한다. 그러나 개수로 흐름에서는 이 거칠기 상수가 Froude 수에 따라 변화하므로 이를 고려할 수 있어야 하며, 개수로에서 광범위하게 사용되는 Manning 조도계수에 상응하는 벽면 거칠기 높이(roughness height)를 산정하여 사용할 수 있어야 있다. 본 연구에서는 모형에 입력되는 벽면함수의 거칠기 높이와 Manning 조도계수 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 수치모형의 특성이 고려되고 Manning 조도계수의 함수로 표현되는 유효 거칠기 높이 산정식을 제안하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.1306-1310
• /
• 2009

The roughness coefficients were estimated by the Manning's equation for the measured stage and flow velocity of Bocheong stream basin in Kum river. The relationships between the estimated roughness coefficients and the geomorphologic factors were formulated by the linear, logarithmic, exponential and power type function, thereafter correlation equations were presented. The correlation analysis was performed between the measured stream length and the basin area of Bocheong stream basin by the linear, logarithmic, exponential and power type function, and correlation equation for the stream length was given. The roughness coefficient has strong correlationship with stream slope, but low correlation coefficients with stream length and basin area. For the correlationship with the roughness coefficients and the stream slope, the logarithmic type function has the smallest correlation coefficient, on the other hand, the exponential type function has the largest correlation coefficient. For the relationship between the stream length and the basin area, the correlation coefficient of the logarithmic type function shows the smallest value, linear type function shows the largest value.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제37권12호
• /
• pp.1055-1063
• /
• 2004

공간적 위치 및 유량 값에 따라 각 계산점마다 조도계수의 값이 달리 주어질 수 있도록 하는 가변 조도변수 부정류 계산모형을 수립하였다. 유량과 조도계수의 관계식으로는 계단함수 또는 멱함수를 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 수립된 모형을 충주댐부터 팔당댐까지의 남한강 구간에 적용하여 최적화에 의한 매개변수의 추정을 수행하였다. 가변 매개변수 모형의 보정 결과, 계단함수 도형 및 멱함수 모형 모두 유량이 커질수록 조도계수가 감소하는 경향이 일관되게 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 여주 지점 상류구간의 경우에 더욱 현저한 것으로 나타났다. 가변 조도계수 모형의 매개변수 추정에 따른 오차가 고정 조도계수 모형의 경우보다 작아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.1681-1690
• /
• 2003

The effect of roughness is a change in the velocity and turbulence distributions near the surface. Turbulence models with surface roughness effect are applied to the fully developed flow in a two-dimensional, rough wall channel. Modified wall function model, low-Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ model, and k-$\omega$ model are selected for comparison. In order to make a fair comparison, the calculation results are compared with the experimental data. The modified wall function model and the low-Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ model require further refinement, while the k-$\omega$ model of Wilcox performs remarkably well over a wide range of roughness values.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a study on the system identification of the in-situ output shaft torque measurement system using a non-contacting magneto-elastic torque transducer installed in a vehicle drivline. The frequency response (transfer) function (FRF) analysis is conducted to interpret the dynamic interaction between the output shaft torque and road side excitation due to the road roughness. In order to identify the frequency response function of vehicle driveline system, two power spectral density (PSD) functions of two random signals: the road roughness profile synthesized from the road roughness index equation and the stationary noise torque extracted from the original torque signal, are first estimated. System identification results show that the output torque signal can be affected by the dynamic characteristics of vehicle driveline systems, as well as the road roughness.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.120-124
• /
• 1991

이상의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. (1)Karman의 적분 방정식에 미소 거칠기 영향을 고려함으로서 디퓨져 닥트 표면의 경계층 계산에 응용한 결과 모멘트 적분법 및 실험치와의 비교에서 개선된 결과임이 확인되었다. (2) 국소 거칠기의 효과를 주는 방법으로는 Cole의 벽 및 와 법칙에 Clauser의 거칠기 함수와, 압력 기울기를 고려한 부가 형상계수 값으로 적분 방정식에 응용할 수 있다. (3) 국소 거칠기 분포에 의하여 경계층 특성을 교란시켜 표면 마찰력 계수를 줄일 수 있어 마찰력 손실을 줄일 수 있는 방안이 제시되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2005

Effect of Surface roughness on nanoscale adhesion was studied experimentally by using colloidal probe technique. Glass micro balls having the radius of $3.3\~17.4{\mu}m$ were glued at the end of AFM cantilevers to prepare colloidal probes. Adhesion force between the colloidal probe and Si-wafer was measured using pull-off force measuring method. Results showed that the measured adhesion forces are not the function of the radius of the glued balls because the ball surfaces are rough. It is also found that roughness parameters such as $R_a,\;R_q\;and\;R_{max}$ do not have important role on nanoscale adhesion. In order to find the effect of surface roughness on nanoscale adhesion, the bearing areas were extracted from the measured topography of glued balls. After normalizing the measured adhesion force with the bearing area, it was found that the normalized adhesion force kept constant as function of the radius of glued ball.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.641-647
• /
• 2002

Objectives of this paper are to investigate the effect of roughness of micro-hatching tubes on the absorption performance and to develop on experimental correlation of Nusselt as a function of the roughness. Three different micro-scale hatched tubes and a bare tube were tested in the present experiment. $H_{2}O/LiBr$ solution is used as working fluid. It was found that absorption performance of micro-scale hatched tubes were improved upto 2 times with an error band of ${\pm}25%$ compared with the bare tube. An experimental correlation of Nusselt was developed as a function of the roughness.