• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.614-623
• /
• 2015

When the speed of a coaxial rotor helicopter in forward flight increases, the wake skew angle of the rotor increases and consequently the position of the vena contracta of the upper rotor with respect to the lower rotor changes. Considering ambient air and the effect of the upper rotor, this study proposes a nonuniform inflow model for the lower rotor of a coaxial rotor helicopter in forward flight. The total required power of the coaxial rotor system was compared against Dingeldein's experimental data, and the results of the proposed model were well matched. A plant model was also developed from first principles for flight simulation, unknown parameter estimation and control analysis. The coaxial rotor helicopter used for this study was manufactured for surveillance and reconnaissance and does not have any stabilizer bar. Therefore, a feedback controller was included during flight test and parameter estimation to overcome unstable situations. Predicted responses of parameter estimation and validation show good agreement with experimental data. Therefore, the methodology described in this paper can be used to develop numerical plant model, study non-uniform inflow model, conduct performance analysis and parameter estimation of coaxial rotor as well as other rotorcrafts in forward flight.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2009

The inherent aeromechanical complexity of a rotor system necessitated the comprehensive analysis code for helicopter rotor system. In the present study, an aerodynamic analysis module has been developed as a part of rotorcraft comprehensive program. Aerodynamic analysis module is largely classified into airload calculation routine and inflow analysis routine. For airload calculation, quasi-steady analysis model is employed based on the blade element method with the correction of unsteady aerodynamic effects. In order to take unsteady effects - body motion effects and dynamic stall - into account, aerodynamic coefficients are corrected by considering Leishman-Beddoes's unsteady model. Various inflow models and vortex wake models are implemented in the aerodynamic module to consider wake induced inflow. Specifically, linear inflow, dynamic inflow, prescribed wake and free wake model are integrated into the present module. The aerodynamic characteristics of each method are compared and validated against available experimental data such as Elliot's induced inflow distribution and sectional normal force coefficients of AH-1G. In order to validate unsteady aerodynamic model, 2-D unsteady model for NACA0012 airfoil is validated against aerodynamic coefficients of McAlister's experimental data.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.224-231
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 회전익기 통합해석프로그램개발의 일환으로 공력해석코드를 개발 및 검증하였다. 기본적인 공력하중은 익형 공력테이블을 이용한 깃요소이론을 기반으로 계산하였고, 로터의 유도 유입류를 계산하기 위해 선형유입류 모델, 동적유입류 모델, 지정후류모델, 자유후류 모델 등 여러 유입류 예측기법을 사용하였다. 각 모델의 특성을 파악하기 위해 Elliott 등의 유도 유입류 실험결과와 AH-1G 실험결과의 국소 수직력계수를 비교 및 검증하였다.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2012년도 전기공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.154-154
• /
• 2012

Many suggestions is offered to resolve global warming. Tidal current generation is producing power by switched tidal difference sea water horizontal fluid flow produced by tidal difference using rotor and generator. So, change the angle of inflow condition due to the entrance of efficiency are considered. We therefore investigated three dimensional flow analysis and performance evaluation using commercial ANSYS-CFX code for horizontal axis turbine. Then We also studied three dimensional flow characteristics of a rotating rotor and blade surface streamlines around a rotor. As a result, Cp was highest at TSR 5.5, especially the larger changes in the angle of inflow condition decreased efficiency.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제39권12호
• /
• pp.1087-1096
• /
• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 오픈 소스 코드에서 제공하는 해석자의 알고리즘을 수정하여 로터의 유동 해석에 적합하도록 해석자를 확장하고, 이를 검증하는 것이다. 우선 로터의 추력에 의해 발생하는 후류에 의한 유동 흐름의 해석이 가능하도록 오픈 소스 코드인 OpenFOAM의 표준 해석자의 알고리즘을 개선하였다. 또한, 로터의 추력 예측을 위해서 깃요소 이론을 기반으로 한 가상 블레이드 기법을 적용하였다. 깃요소 이론에서의 유효받음각을 구하기 위한 로터 디스크 상의 속도 성분은 해석자 내에서 반복계산시마다 수렴되는 속도를 사용하였다. 개발된 로터 해석자를 사용하여 로터 유입류 해석을 수행하고 그 결과를 실험 결과 및 타 수치해석 코드의 결과와 비교하여 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 로터-동체 상호작용 해석을 통해 헬리콥터 시스템 전체에 대한 로터 해석자의 적용가능성을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2012

The present study is devoted to the influence of a superposed radial inflow in a rotor-stator cavity with a peripheral opening. The flow regime is turbulent, the two boundary layers being separated by a core region. An original theoretical solution is obtained for the core region, explaining the reason why a weak radial inflow has no major influence near the periphery of the cavity but strongly affects the flow behavior near the axis. The validity of the theory is tested with the help of a new set of experimental data including the radial and tangential mean velocity components, as well as three components of the Reynolds stress tensor measured by hot-wire anemometry. The theoretical results are also in good agreement with numerical results obtained with the Fluent code and experimental data from the literature.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2007

동 연구에서는 전진비행하는 로터의 평균 유입류 예측기법 중 Drees 선형모델, 몇가지 변형된 형태의 Mangler & Squire 모델을 서로 비교하여 각 유입류 모델의 특성을 알아내고, KARI 자체 자유후류기법 코드의 해석결과를 함께 비교하여 각 유입류 예측기법의 특성을 파악하였다. 각 예측기법의 비교를 위해 유입류 실험치가 존재하는 로터에 대하여 전진비 0.15, 0.23 및 0.30의 3가지 비행조건을 적용하여 예측한 결과를 비교 분석하였다. Drees 모델의 경우 비교적 실험치에 근접하게 예측하나, 선형모델의 한계로 인해 유입류의 비균일성을 모델링하기에는 미흡하며, Mangler & Squire 모델은 끝단을 제외하고는 비교적 실험치에 근접하게 예측함을 알 수 있었으며, KARI의 자유후류기법은 유입류의 비균일성을 매우 잘 예측하나, 동체에 의한 올려흐름 효과, 후퇴부에서의 동적실속 효과 등의 추가 고려가 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2002

Non-uniform and unsteady inflow into a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) brings about an asymmetric flow field on the rotor plane and an unsteady aerodynamic load on the blades. In the present paper effects of yawed inflow and wind shear are analyzed by an inviscid aerodynamic model based on the asymptotic acceleration potential method. In the analysis the rotor blades are represented by spanwise and chordwise pressure distribution composed of analytical first-order asymptotic solutions for the Laplace equation. As the actual wind field experienced by a HAWT is turbulent, the effects of the turbulence are also examined using the Veers' model.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.84-96
• /
• 2005

Helical tip vortex is known as stable vortex structure, however the specific frequency component of far wake perturbation induces the vortex pairing in hover and axial flight. It is expected that the tip vortex pairing phenomena may happen in transition flight and very low advance ratio flight so that inflow may be most nonuniform in the low advance ratio flight. The objectives of this paper are that a tip-vortex instability during the transition from hover into very low advance ratio forward flight is numerically predicted to understand a physics by using a time-marching free-wake method. To achieve the objectives, numerical method is firstly validated in typical axial and forward flights cases. Present scheme with trim routine can predict airloads and inflow distribution of forward flight with good accuracy. Then, the transition flight condition is calculated. The rotor used in this wake calculation is a small-scale AH-1G model. By using a tip-vortex trajectory tracking method, the tip-vortex pairing process are clearly observed in transient flight($\mu$=0.03) and disappears at a slightly higher advance ratio($\mu$=0.05). According to the steady flight simulation at $\mu$=0.03, it is confirmed the tip-vortex pairing process is continued in the rear part of rotor disk and not occurs in the front part. Time averaged inflow in this case is predicted as smooth distribution.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2009

Since large-scale commercial wind turbine generator systems such as MW-class wind turbines are becoming widely operated, the vibration and distortion of the blade are becoming larger and larger. Therefore the soft structure design instead of the solid-design is one of the important concepts to reduce the structural load and the cost of the wind turbine rotors. The objectives of the study are development of the fluid-structure coupled analysis code and evaluation of soft rotor-blade design to reduce the unsteady structural blade load. In this paper, fluid-structure coupled analysis for the HAWT rotor blade is performed by free wake panel method coupled with hinge-spring blade model for the flapwise blade motion. In the model, the continuous deflection of the rotor blade is represented by flapping angle of the hinge with one degree of freedom. The calculation results are evaluated by comparison with the database of the NREL unsteady aerodynamic experiment. In the analysis the unsteady flapwise moments in yawed inflow conditions are compared for the blades with different flapwise eigen frequencies.