• PNF and Movement
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of closed chain breathing exercise on thorax circumference increase and ROM of shoulder rotation for cervical vertebral cord injury patient's. Methods : 12 cervical vertebral cord injury patients volunteer to participate in this study. closed chain breathing exercise group of 4 subjects performed exercise three time a week. The deep breathing exercise group and general exercise group of 4 subjects performed exercise three time a week. We analyaed the descriptive statistics and $3{\times}2$ repeated measures ANOVA by SPSS 12.0 for window. Results : In comparison of rotation of shoulder ROM between pre and post value, the increase of rotation ROM of shoulder was significant in the closed chain breathing exercise group(p<.05). Conclusion : The closed chain breathing exercise helped to increased rotation ROM of shoulder.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.628-634
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine reproducibility of operation plan and 3-dimentional jaw movement patterns by comparing jaw position of STO with post-operative jaw position. Twenty patients with class III dental and skeletal malocclusion who were treated with Le-Fort I osteotomy and B-SSRO were reviewed. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken within two weeks before operation and two days after operation. Cephalometric radiographs were compared and analyzed with orthognathic computer program '$V-Ceph^{TM}$'. Post-operative maxillary advancement was insufficient compared to maxillary advancement through STO. Post-operative setback movement was over compared to mandibular setback movement through STO. But statistically this is not significant. Maxillary vertical location is insignificant on the whole. Especially post-operative maxillary clockwise rotation is significant compared to maxillary rotation through STO. Post-operative maxillary clockwise rotation tendency is generally observed in all patients. So surgeons and staffs must consider this tendency when operation plan is established ans operation is being performed. Using intra or extra oral marking points, face bow, and bite plate will make exact surgery possible.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

Efficient gait is compensate for a lack of exercise, but the wrong walking can cause disease that joints, muscles, brain and body structure(Scott & Winter, 1990). Also many researchers has been studied gait of positive mechanism using analytical methods kinetic, kinematic. This study is to identify nature of knee adduction moment, depending on different foot progression angle and the movement of rotation of pelvis and body. Health study subject conducted intended walking with three different angles. The subjects of this study classified three types of walking; walk erect, pigeon-toed walk and an out-toed gait. Ten university students of K without previous operation and disease record selected for this study. For accuracy of this study, three types of walking carried out five times with 3D image analysis and using analysis of ground reaction force to analyze nature of knee adduction moment and the movement of rotation of pelvis and body. Firstly, the HC(heel contact) section value of intended walk erect, pigeon-toed walk and an out-toed gait was not shown statistically significant difference but TO(toe off) section value was shown that the pigeon-toed walk statistically significant. The value of pigeon-toed walk was smallest knee adduction moment(p< 0.005). Secondly, X axis was the change of rotation movement body and pelvis when walk erect, pigeon-toed walk and an out-toed gait. Shown statistically Y axis was not shown statistically significant but Z axis statistically significant(p<0.05). These result show the significant differences on TO section when walking moment reaches HC, it decides the walking types and rotates the foot.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Objective: To investigate rotation movement of segment for performing each position and its effect on knee/hip angulation, COM inclination, and edging angle changes. Method: Twelve Alpine skiers (age: $25.8{\pm}4.8years$, height: $173.8{\pm}5.9cm$, weight: $71.4{\pm}7.4kg$, length of career: $9.9{\pm}4.6years$) participated in this study. Each skier was asked to perform counter-rotation, neutral, and rotation positions. Results: Shank and thigh were less rotated in the counter-rotation position than in other positions, whereas the trunk and pelvis were more counter-rotated (p<.05). Hip angulation, COM inclination, and edging angle were significantly greater in the counter-rotation position than in other positions (p<.05). Conclusion: Our finding proved that the counter-rotation position increases hip angulation, COM inclination, and edging angle. Consequently, we suggest that skiers should perform counter-rotation of the trunk and pelvis relative to the ski direction in the vertical axis for the counter-rotation position. Further analysis will continue to investigate the effects of the counter-rotation position in real ski slope with kinetic analysis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background: Scapular winging (SW) could be caused by tightness or weakness of the periscapular muscles. Although data mining techniques are useful in classifying or predicting risk of musculoskeletal disorder, predictive models for risk of musculoskeletal disorder using the results of clinical test or quantitative data are scarce. Objects: This study aimed to (1) investigate the difference between young women with and without SW, (2) establish a predictive model for presence of SW, and (3) determine the cutoff value of each variable for predicting the risk of SW using the decision tree method. Methods: Fifty young female subjects participated in this study. To classify the presence of SW as the outcome variable, scapular protractor strength, elbow flexor strength, shoulder internal rotation, and whether the scapula is in the dominant or nondominant side were determined. Results: The classification tree selected scapular protractor strength, shoulder internal rotation range of motion, and whether the scapula is in the dominant or nondominant side as predictor variables. The classification tree model correctly classified 78.79% (p = 0.02) of the training data set. The accuracy obtained by the classification tree on the test data set was 82.35% (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The classification tree showed acceptable accuracy (82.35%) and high specificity (95.65%) but low sensitivity (54.55%). Based on the predictive model in this study, we suggested that 20% of body weight in scapular protractor strength is a meaningful cutoff value for presence of SW.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 1991

To understand the biomechanics of the mandibular movement of the patients with T.M.J. disorder, it is necessary to analyze the mandibular movement by the least moving points of instantaneous center of rotation on computer screen. In this study, two subjects without T.M.J. disorder and with normal occlusion and few patients with T.M.J. disorder were selected for obtaining the processing data. The habitual opening and dosing movements were recorded by image recognition system of video and computer and then the mandibular movement and the least moving point were analyzed using computer program for image anaysis of specialized points. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The least moving points of control group during opening and dosing were dose to the mandibular foramen, but in the test group there were differences between two positions of the least moving points during opening and closing. 2. The variations of the least moving point were in the range of $0.02\sim0.05cm$ of X-coordinate and $0.07\sim0.10cm$ of Y-coordinate for control group, whereas in the range of $0.05\sim0.30cm$ of X-coordinate and $0.08\sim1.65cm$ of Y-coordinate for test group. 3. The index of variation during opening and dosing movements was shown in $0.8\sim1.0$ for the control group and in $0.56\sim2.6$ for the test group. 4. After the treatment of the test group No. 4 by occlusal splint the least moving point was dose to the mandibular foramen and the index of variation was changed from 25 to 05. 5. The tracing shape of the least moving point in the test group represented the irregularities compared to the control group. 6. The mandibular opening and dosing movements were simulated on the computer screen following the movement of the least moving point of instantaneous center of rotation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 1997

Unilateral labyrinthectorny (ULX) causes autonomic symptoms, ocular and postural asymmetries, which disappear over tune in the process of equilibrium recovery known as vestibular compensation. In the present study in order to elucidate mechanisms responsible for the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation and investigate the relationship between vestibular compensation and c-Fos expression in the medial vestibular nuclei following ULX, we measured spontaneous nystagmus, eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation and c-Fos expression or to 72 hs after ULX in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were divided into two groups: ULX group with ULX only, and electrical stimulation (ES) group with electrical stimulation of $-2{\sim}-5V$, 1.0ms, 100 Hz to the lesioned vestibular system for 4 hs/day. Spontaneous nystagmus following ULX disappeared by 72 hs in ULX group and 36 hs in ES group. In eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation, normal pattern of eye movement by rotation toward the lesioned side was recovered 24 hs after ULX at rotation of 0.1 Hz and 6 hs after at 0.2 Hz, 0.5 Hz in ULX group. In ES group, the eye movement recovered after 12 hs at 0.1 Hz, 6 hs at 0.2 Hz, and 4 hs at 0.5 Hz. Directional Preponderance which represents the symmetry of bilateral vestibular functions showed significantly early recovery in ES group compared with that of ULX group. Expression or c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the bilateral medial vestibular nuclei was severely asymmetrical till 36 hs in ULX group, and then it became a symmetry and disappeared after 72 hs. However, ES group showed the symmetry of c-Fos expression after 6 hs, which was significantly early recovery in 25 group. All these findings suggest that electrical stimulation ameliorates recovery of vestibuloocular reflex following ULX by the restoration of the balance of the resting activity between bilateral medial vestibular nuclei. In addition, c-Fos expression in the medial vestibular nuclei could be used as a marker of vestibular compensation since c-Fos expression is closely related to the course of recovery following ULX.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2011

There are many functional methods for estimating the mean axis of rotation of a joint. However, it is still a controversial issue which method is superior. The purpose of this study was to compare functional methods for estimated axes of rotation from synthetic data. The comparison was made in terms of suitabilities on describing humans in sports. For a more practical situation, the axis error as well as measurement and marker movement error were applied to generated data. Simulations having 1000 times of 80 rotational displacements were performed. The functional methods used in the study were two transformation methods, two fitting methods, and one more transformation method called M. The M method is a combination of S$\ddot{o}$derk & Wedin(1993) and Mardia & Jupp(2000). Another factor of the study was angular velocity with levels of .01, .025, .05, .5 and 1 rad/s. The method M resulted in unbiased, stable, and consistent axis of rotation vectors in all levels of angular velocity except .01 rad/s. Therefore, the method M had the highest validity and reliability of all the methods. The fitting methods were very sensitive in small angular velocities and stable only in the velocities of more than .5 rad/s. The most suitable method for analyzing human motion by using marker photogrammetry is M.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.469-473
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• 2009

Induced activation of the gamma-aminobutyric $acid_A$ ($GABA_A$) receptor in the retina of goldfish caused the fish to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the spinning pattern during an optomotor response (OMR) measurement. Muscimol, a $GABA_A$ receptor agonist, modified OMR in a concentration-dependent manner. The $GABA_B$ receptor agonist baclofen and $GABA_C$ receptor agonist CACA did not affect OMR. The observed modifications in OMR included decreased anterograde rotation $(0.01\sim0.03\;{\mu}M)$, coexistence of retrograde rotation and decreased anterograde rotation $(0.1\sim30\;{\mu}M)$ and only retrograde rotation $(100\;{\mu}M\sim1\;mM)$. In contrast, the $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist bicuculline blocked muscimol-induced retrograde rotation. Based on these results, we inferred that the coding inducing retrograde movement of the goldfish retina is essentially associated with the GABAA receptor-related visual pathway. Furthermore, from our novel approach using observations of goldfish behavior the induced discrete snapshot duration was approximately 573 ms when the fish were under the influence of muscimol.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1990.11a
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• pp.470-473
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• 1990

In this thesis, the recognition method of the movement of an 3D object is presented. The information about the movement of a 3D object is used to recognize the object. There are 2 kinds of movements which are translation and rotation. A difference picture is obtained from a sequence of images of a moving object or a scene which is taken by a monocular stationary observer. The 3D movement of an object is recognized by the Artificial Neural Network(ANN) using the difference picture.