• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

The purpose of this experiment lies in finding the most appropriate cutting condition of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. which has been considered valuable tree species in gardening. Statistical analysis was focused on the comparison of the average ratios of rooting between greenhouses and fields, based on the observation rooted autogenis. To conduct this survey, hardwood cutting of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. were performed at both places of experiment above on April 20, 1982 with rooting results calculated on October 31, 1982. After formation of cuttings, it was soaked in IBA 200 ppm for 12 hours and than put in a bed. A summary of the result is presented as follows; 1) Cutting at the greenhouse showed higher average rate of rooting than at fields. Same tendency was found regardless of the differences in treatment. 2) It was clear that IBA-treatment contributed remarkably to causing higher average rooting rate. As an evidence, when twenty centimeter cuttings were inserted sandy media, IBA-treated area resulted in eighty six percent of average rooting rate, as compared with only twenty three percent in nontreatment case. In case of field cutting, IBA-treatment brought about fifty three percent of rooting in comparison with eleven percent nontreatment. 3) When sandy soil, loam and brown soil were separately used as cutting media, the highest rooting rate was found in case of sandy soil, without any difference between the two experimental places above. 4) As a result of the analysis to seek the impact of the length of cuttings on rooting, the range of length form fifteen to twenty centimeter was apparently most appropriate. It was also found that the rate of rooting declined beyond twenty five centimeter. 5) Two kinds of rooting pattern were observed. One was the case that callus cell lump was created on the lower cut side of cuttings. Importantly, root radical were formed inside the lump to influence the germination of root system. The other relates to the case that adventitious root which look like lateral roots appeared at the stem region. In abstract, first, sandy soil was effectively recommended in case of hardwood cutting in April. Second, the most appropriate length of cuttings ranged between fifteen and twenty centimeters. Third, high density IBA treatment was clearly effective. Forth, for proper environmental management, both pre-disinfection of sail by sterilizer and maintenance of high relative humidity were essentially required.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.366-378
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• 1998

Thermocondensation root canal filling technique have been used to fill accessary canals or to obtain homogeneous root caral fillings. But these thermocondensation technique inevitably produce heat in the canal which can be transmitted through the dentin and cementum and consequently damage periodontal ligamental cells and osteoblasts. In this study, System $B^{TM}$(Analytic technology, WA.D.S.A.) was used to evaluate the reaction of periodontal ligament tissue to "Continous Wave condensation technique" introduced by Buchanan, and the transmitted root surface temperature was measured according to measured root thicknesses. 12 Mandibular incisors of two adult dogs were used for the experiment. 6 controls were filled by lateral condensation technique with sealer.3 specimens were apically filled by Continuous Wave technique at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and remaining 3 specimens were additionally backfilled using System $B^{TM}$(Analytic technology, WA.D.S.A.) was used to evaluate the reaction of periodontal ligament tissue to "Continous Wave condensation technique" introduced by Buchanan, and the transmitted root surface temperature was measured according to measured root thicknesses. 12 Mandibular incisors of two adult dogs were used for the experiment. 6 controls were filled by lateral condensation technique with sealer.3 specimens were apically filled by Continuous Wave technique at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and remaining 3 specimens were additionally backfilled using System $B^{TM}$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds. Six weeks later, the dogs were sacrificed and the teeth stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histologic examination. 6 extracted human teeth were used to measure the transmitted temperature. After cutting off the crown, the canals were prepared and divided into 3 groups with root thickness of 1.5mm, 1.0mm, 0.5mm, 2 teeth in each group. Inside each root canal, System $B^{TM}$ was heated as with the temperature for the apically condensed and the back filled group, and the transmitted heat was measured on the external surface of the root. The temperature of System $B^{TM}$ heat spreader at $200^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ was also measured at root temperature. It can be concluded as follows: 1. In the thin area (200-$250{\mu}m$) of the root, root resorption could be seen even with heating at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds. 2. When the spreader was heated at $200^{\circ}C$ for 5 seconds and additionally at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds for backfill, all teeth showed root resorption regardless of their root thickness. 3. The transmitted external root surface temperature was higher as the root thickness decreased and as the heating time increased. In the thermocompaction technique using System $B^{TM}$, the spreader should be heated for the minimal time and used only in the apical area. The heated spreader shouldn't inserted to the binding point of the canal and backfilling should be done with other means of minimally heated gutta percha technique.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2202-2209
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• 2009

Joint paths are induced mathematically for many kinds of joint pattern between master- and sub-pipes. By compensating them with root gap of welds and kerf width, real cutting paths are determined. Their NC codes are generated, and the paths generated by NC code are verified by a ghost function. A beveling is implemented through tilting a torch in the A- and B-axis direction for 8 sections in the chuck rotation of C-axis. The effective CAM program was developed specially for 6-axis CNC pipe coasters which cut a master or sub- pipe along the cutting path and simultaneously fulfill a beveling process.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.405-415
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate optimal conditions for cutting propagation of the strawberry cultivar "Sulhyang" through the collection methods of cuttings (runners tips), leaf number of cuttings, and cutting time. Cuttings were collected from the mother plant in the nursery bed (MP) and plants after fruit harvest (HP); the leaf number of cuttings was 0, 1, and 2, and the cutting time was at one-week intervals from June 4 to July 9. The survival rates for MP and HP cuttings were notably high, reaching 99.5% and 98.7%, respectively, but no significant difference was found. The number of roots were higher in MP cuttings, and there was no significant difference in crown and leaf growth. The fruit yields were 419.2 and 428.4 g, for MP and HP cuttings, respectively. The survival rates according to leaf number of cuttings were 98.1% and 98.3% for 1 and 2 remaining leaves, respectively, and remarkably lower at 25.3% for no remaining leaves. The root numbers were 26.0 and 26.3 for 1 and 2 remaining leaves, respectively, compared with 23.5 for no remaining leaves, with no significant differences in crown and leaf growth. The fruit yields were 424.4 and 421.5 g for 1 and 2 remaining leaves, respectively, and 396.7 g for no remaining leaves. The survival rates according to cutting time was over 97.2% in all cutting time without any difference in each treatment. The root, shoot, and crown of the nursery plant before planting showed the best growth in the cuttings on June 4 and 11, resulting in the highest fruit yields of 433.3 and 426.4 g, respectively, with the lowest yields at 384.5 g for cutting time on July 9. Both MP and HP materials proved suitable for strawberry cuttings. The optimal leaf number for cuttings was at least 1, and the optimal cutting time in Gyeongnam area was evaluated as around June 4-11.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.483-487
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the role of attached leaflet on rooting and growth by one nodal cutting in tomato. As cutting sources 4 to 6 nodes could be obtained from one nursery seedling. Medium for cutting was a mixture with perlite plus peat moss (1 : 1, v/v), and each plug capacity was 30mL in the 72 cells-plug tray. Plant height and the number of leaves were significantly increased by attached leaflet cutting in 'Pepe' and 'Coco' cherry tomato. Dry weights of top and root were increased as much as 3 to 15 times in the cutting attached leaflet. Rooting percentage was 93.5% in one node cutting and 86% in the cutting with hypocotyl node part. At 20 to 24 days after nodal cutting, healthy nursery plant could be produced to transplant in field. The nursery plants by nodal cutting (NPNC) showed more fibrous roots and less tap roots than that of seedling. In terms of rooting pattern, NPNC rooted at the whole ground stem part, while rooting of seedling occurred at basal part of hypocotyl.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.686-693
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• 2012

To develop a technique for mass-propagation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plant using nutrient film technique (NFT), the growth characteristics of 4 cultivars as affected by nutrient solution composition and cutting size were investigated. 72 cells (35 mL/cell) plug trays filled with vermiculite and perlite (1:1, v/v) were used. Vine length, fresh and dry weights of virus-free plants were the greatest in the nutrient solution recommended by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan, followed by that recommended by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in Korea, and Yamazaki's nutrient solution for lettuce. The growth of uppershoot cuttings was the best among 4 subsections of cutting. Vine length, and fresh and dry weights increased in the longer cutting treatments, and were better in 'Shinzami' and 'Yeonhwangmi' than those in 'Mannami' and 'Shincheonmi'. Vine diameter and length of the longest root were not significantly affected by the cutting size and cutting source. The growth characteristics of the single node cutting were not significantly different from those in 2-node cutting. The efficiency of rapid mass-propagation could be promoted with single node cuttings and uppershoot cuttings grown in NFT system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of water cutting by vegetative propagation method from July to August of Clematis. To find out proper cutting length and rooting growth regulator for water cuttings production, cutting lengths of C. 'Honora' made 1 node and 2 nodes length cutting, which were soaked in NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Rooting rate of cuttings treated by NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was 100% irrespective of root lengths, but that of 1 node and 2 nodes untreated by NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were very low about 30% and 19% respectively. Number of roots and roots length were also highest in NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, effects of NAA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment were greater at 1 node cutting. Based on the results, rooting rate for I node cutting of C. 'Pairu' according to NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) concentrations was investigated. Days to rooting were 70-74 days (about 10 weeks), which was not significantly different among the NAA concentrations. Rooting rate increased by NAA concentration. it was about 90% usually and was improved with more than NAA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effect of humidification and shading during cutting propagation on growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) 'Maehyang' plants at a propagation stage. The runner cuttings were stuck on Nov. 23, 2017 in propagation benches set in a Venlo-type glasshouse. Four shading treatments, no shading (control, C), 55% shading with white lawn (W55), 55% black shading net (B55), or 100% black plastic film (B100) with either an intermittent fog system (H) or without fog system. The shading and fog systems were removed 2 weeks after sticking of strawberry cuttings. A nutrient solution for strawberry, which was developed by Yamazaki, was supplied once a day with electrical conductivity (EC) $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH 5.8. Growth parameters such as plant height, longest root, crown diameter, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area and fresh and dry weight were measured at 7 days and 26 days after sticking. There was no significant difference in growth of above-aerial part of strawberry. The overall growth of the strawberry roots was better grew by providing fog than that not provide fog. The root fresh weight and root dry weight after 26 days after sticking of strawberry cutting was the best in the treatment that provided fog system without shading (CH). The longest root after 26 days after sticking of strawberry cutting was the best in the treatments that provided fog system with either 55% white lawn (W55H) and 55% black shading net (B55H). These results suggest that morphogenesis of these plants were affected by humidification and shading types. In a broader perspective, these results can be used to optimize studies of other crops grown from cuttings.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 1996

This study was carried out to know the proper method of stem cutting (defloration) to improve growth and yield of root in B. flacatum L. Dryed yield of two-year old roots was increased by cutting at 50cm height. Root yield was increased by 56% (1, 670kg/ha) than that of control in the case of twice stem cutting at 50cm height on both June 16 and July 16.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.283-287
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• 1992

This experiment was carried in order to compare some propagation methods and the effective components in the root of Paeonia albiflora pallas, Paeonia moutan Sims and Paeonia albiflora pallas root grafted with Paeonia mouton sims The optimum seeding time of August 20 to september 10 for increasing germination ratio. The growing and developing of Paeonia albiflora Pall. for root dividing methods was advantageous to practice at Autum than at spring season. The shoot cutting method during the flowering time was proper to increase the rooting ratio with the aid of Ruton, the plant growth regulator but not emerged of apical bud. The grafting stages between the Paeonia albiflora pall. and Paeonia moutan Sims was available to practice during the September for increasing the thickness growth of root. Among the effective components of the paeony the paeoniflorin was shown high, while paeonol in paeony moutan. The paeoniflorin of herbaceous paeony / paeony moutan was increased about 75.9% than herbaceous paeony alone, and the other compoents are similar to those of herbaceous paeony root.