• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2006

The application of three-dimensional (3-D) CAD has been popularized for design and production and digital manufacturing has been spreading in many industrial fields. By simulation of the production process using 3-D digital models, which are the core of CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) system, the efficiency and safety of production are improved at each stage of work, and optimization of manufacturing can be achieved. This paper firstly describes the concept of "simulation based production" in shipbuilding and also digital manufacturing; the 3-D CAD system is indispensable for effective simulation because ship structure is three dimensionally complex. By simulation, "computer optimized manufacturing" can be possible. The most effective fields of simulation in shipbuilding are in jobs where many parties have to cooperate, while existing two-dimensional drawings are hardly observed the whole structures due to interference between structures or equipment of complex shape. In this paper some examples of the successful application in IHIMU (IHI Marine United Inc.) are shown: assembly of a pipe unit, erection of a complex hull block, carriage of equipment, installation of a propeller, and access in an engine room.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.161-164
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• 2009

Iron-doped $Sn_{1-x}Fe_xO_2$ (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.33) thin films on Si(100) substrates and powders were prepared by a chemical solution process. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the $Sn_{1-x}Fe_xO_2$ thin films and powders showed a polycrystalline rutile tetragonal structure. Thermo gravimetric (TG) - differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed the final weight loss above $430{^{\circ}C}$ for all powder samples. According to XRD Rietveld refinement of the powders, the lattice parameters and unit cell volume decreased with increasing Fe content. The magnetic properties were characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. The thin film samples with x = 0.1 and 0.2 showed paramagnetic properties but thin films with x = 0.33 exhibited ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. Mossbauer studies revealed the $Fe^{3+}$ valence state in the samples. The ferromagnetism in the samples can be interpreted in terms of the direct ferromagnetic coupling of ferric ions via an electron trapped in a bridging oxygen deficiency, which can be explained using the F-center exchange model.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.120-125
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify clinical outcome and characteristics of trauma patients via emergency medical services (EMS). Methods: Medical records of the trauma patients visiting the emergency department were retrospectively collected and analyzed from January 2015 to June 2016 in the single institution. Of 529 registered patients, 371 patients were transported by - were enrolled. The parameters including age, gender, injury mechanism, Glasgow coma scale on arrival, presence of shock (systemic blood pressure <90 mmHg) on arrival, time to arrival from accident to emergency room (ER), need for emergency procedures such as operation or angioembolization, need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, injury severity score (ISS), the trauma and injury severity score, revised trauma score (RTS), length of stay, and mortality rate were collected. The SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used for the data analysis. Results: Arrival time from the field to the ER was significantly shorter in EMS group. However, overall outcomes including mortalities, length of stay in the ICU and hospital were same between both groups. Age, ISS, RTS, and injury mechanisms were significantly different in both groups. ISS, RTS, and age showed significant influence on mortality statistically (p<0.05). Conclusions: The time to arrival of EMS was fast but had no effect on length of hospital stay, mortality rate. Further research that incorporates pre-hospital factors influence clinical outcomes should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of such a system in trauma care of Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.281-284
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• 2015

We present the case of a 38-year-old woman admitted to our outpatient clinic with accelerating back pain and fatigue following a kick to her back by her husband. Upon arrival, we detected ST segment elevation in the D1, aVL, and V2 leads and accelerated idioventricular rhythm. She had pallor and hypotension consistent with cardiogenic shock. We immediately performed coronary angiography and found a long dissection starting from the mid-left main coronary artery and progressing into the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex arteries. She was then transferred to the operating room for surgery. A saphenous vein was grafted to the distal LAD. Since the patient was hypotensive under noradrenaline and dopamine infusions, she was transferred to the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit on an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and intra-aortic balloon pump. During follow-up, her blood pressure remained low, at approximately 60/40 mmHg, despite aggressive inotropic and mechanical support. On the second postoperative day, asystole and cardiovascular arrest quickly developed, and despite aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she died.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.63
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

Since hot toxic gas included in the fire is the most principal reason of the death and has the fluid mechanical characteristics unlike air, smoke control method appropriate for the figure and structure of a fire room is needed and each unit of the smoke control system requests high performance according to this characteristics, for which performance test procedures and evaluation criteria must be established. Domestic criteria involved with the smoke control consist of the pre-investigation by documents and the part inspection, which has lots of problems because they are far from the performance based evaluation method compared with the references of developed countries. Consequently, domestic and international references were compared and analyzed, problems being emerged and standardization scheme of the test procedure was presented.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 1997

Personalities. human relations. living patterns. and so on of the aged have been moulded respectively for a long period of time and their present situation of health. family make-up. economic condition etc. are different individually. Various characteristics - physiological. psychological and social peculiarities - of the aged are analyzed and studied in preceding paper to grope planning factors of architectural spaces by referring to sundry records from many branch gerontology, medical science. psycology. sociology. etc. - of knowledge in a position of architectural planning. So. in this paper. the directions of planning residential environment for the aged are studied on the base of those planning factors of architectural spaces. there are room(X$_1$). unit home(X$_2$), public housing(X$_3$), residential district(X$_4$) as dwelling spaces for the aged in X axis and safety(Y$_1$). hygiene(Y$_2$). convenience (Y$_3$), comfortableness (Y$_4$). psychology ($Y^5$), aesthetics ($Y^6$). society ($Y^7$). economy ($Y^8$) as the terms desired to spaces in Y axis. And the directions of planning residential environment for the elderly are studied by discussing mutual matters relevant to the subject on the cells of matrix formed by X. Y axis. In planning residential environment for the elderly. their physiological. psychological. social characteristics should be considered thoroughly and many types of dwelling spaces should be built. Then they can take up their abode to suit their conditions easily.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the typological characteristics of super high-rise housings in Hong Kong. The results are as follows; 1) The Plan types of the residential building in Hong Kong are mostly tower types and they show lots of curves on the external resident blocks so each resident families can face maximum open air. 2)Household arrangements or resident families form are shown as symmetrical and systematic type of structures that centers around the core. 3)The core types are mostly central core types and a portion of central core is planned to place void and alight garden for improving the lighting and ventilating problems. 4)If we review our room arrangements, they are arranged from entrance kitchen, livingroom bedroom to bathroom to the end. Livingrooms and dinning rooms are normally formed together. 5)If external resident blocks are facing the open air, one of the surface is on view axis, kitchen or bathroom are symmetrically located on the other side which faces the units for the purpose of ventilating.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

This research was aimed at finding clues of improving residential quality of the Urbanistic Housing which was introduced for the small household of 1-2 residents. It was the laws on communal amenity in multi-family housing that this research concentrated on. Looking into the multi-family housing standards for small household of Korea, Japan and UK, Japanese One-room housing Ordinance of Tokyo-do laid stress on avoiding conflict among residents and getting people mixed together. And UK's concentrated on every individual rooms inside HMO and suggested certain level of qualified life through the careful standards. On the other hand, Korea's just suggested minimum housing with unit households and nearly no amenity except for parking lots. There should be more than a physical space with some area which satisfies basic physiological needs in a residence. To become a quality residence filled with relationship, it is necessary that Urbanistic Housing are also required to provide communal amenities, not as much as regular housing for regular household but much more than Quasi-housing, the minimum residence. And it should be ensured by the legal system to make it more effective.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Purpose: The ward division is a representative part of the hospital, where a variety of user activities are performed. Users can be broadly categorized as patients and carers, visitors, and medical staff (doctors and nurses). The relationship between these two is a major issue with ward planning as the patient's place of life centers around the hospital room and the task of the clinical workforce centers around the nursing station (NS). Against this backdrop, the study divides the ward units of the General Hospital of China into patient areas, medical team areas, supply areas, and public domain, with the focus on the ward areas affecting most significantly in the hospital patients. Methods: The theoretical advance studies of the standard ward unit are identified by the associated guidelines, articles, and documentation. Results: This study is a summary analysis of relevant regulations, reference literature, and drawing data from the target hospital. Further work is expected to be undertaken, including further surveys and observational surveys, to produce more detailed results. Implications: It is expected that the research in this paper will provide an effective reference for the future research of China General Hospital Ward department, so as to promote and improve the work system of China General Hospital Ward department.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.303-315
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the housing unit and investigate needs of housing in Home Economics curriculum of Home Economics teachers. The questionnaire survey was conducted 98 teachers participated in the minor training course in Chungbuk, August of 2000. When the teachers made their class in the section of housing, they emphasized respectively as the textual order: the space of housing and family life, the utilization of space, clean of residing circumstance in the middle school: and in the high school there was also concerned to the textual order: choice of housing, the house planning, interior design, maintenance of house. The teachers focused into the arrange of furniture and interior design for the students in the class, drawing of a plan in the contents of practical experience and performance. According to the survey results, the main point of class in housing should be emphasized the arranging of own room and function of other spaces in house for the students in the middle school. The high school curriculum should focus on the practical area to connect with the interior design. And in the section of housing it was needed to add the contents of management in the multi-family housing, housing problems, neighborhood environment for elderly, and also community planning.