• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2010

The integration of PV modules into building facades or roof could raise their temperature that results in the reduction of PV system's electrical power generation. Hot air can be extracted from the space between PV modules and building envelope, and used for heating in buildings. PV/thermal collectors, or more generally known as PVT collectors, are devices that operate simultaneously to convert solar energy from the sun into two other useful energies, namely, electricity and heat. This paper compares the experimental performance of BIPVT((Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal) collectors that applied on building roof and facade. There are four different cases: a roof-integrated PVT type and a facade-integrated PVT type, the base models with an air gap between the PV module and the surface, and the improved models for each types with aluminum fins attached to the PV modules. The accumulated thermal energy of the roof-integrated type was 15.8% higher than the facade-integrated regardless of fin attachment. The accumulated electrical energy of the roof-integrated type was 7.6% higher, compared to that of the facade-integrated. The efficiency differences among the collectors may be due to the fact that the pins absorbed heat from the PV module and emitted it to air layer.

• 고문화
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• 제70호
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• pp.89-108
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• 2007

인각와는 백제기와의 특징이라 할 수 있으며 익산에서 가장 많이 출토되고 있다. 그 종류와 출토량 그리고 출토유적의 성격을 살펴보면 왕실과 관계 깊은 유적에서 주로 사용하였다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 제작기법이 같다는 것은 특정 와공집단에 의해 생산되었을 가능성이 크다. 생산시기에 대해서는 간지명인각와를 참고하였다. 그 결과 크게 무왕 즉위를 전후한 시기와 기축년(629)을 중심으로 한 7세기 제2/4반기 두 시기로 나뉘어 생산된 것으로 추정하였다. 이와 함께 왕궁리유적과 미륵사지의 창건기 수막새도 문양과 출토량 등을 검토한 결과 인각와와 같이 두 시기로 나뉘어 생산 공급되었음을 알 수 있었다. 생산배경에 대해서는 제작기법 생산시기와 함께 오부와 오항을 나타내는 인각와의 성격을 검토하였다. 무왕 주체의 조영사업에 필요한 기와생산에는 왕실만으로 그 재원을 확보할 수 없었기 때문에 오부뿐만 아니라 오항에서도 원조가 이루어졌다. 이러한 배경 하에 성립된 기와생산은 관 주도의 일원화된 체제하에서 이루어졌는데 이때 생산된 인각와의 인장을 인증 또는 검정을 위해 만든 것으로 날인 주체는 기증자도 생산자도 아닌 정해진 수량을 확인하고 날인할 수 있는 검사관으로 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to test performances of 14 types of root barrier materials by applying testing plant: and soils suitable for weather and natural features of Korea. For testing Plants, Plioblastus pygmaed Mitford A and Pyracantha angustifolia have been selected. For testing soil, mixture of pearlite and peat moss in 3:1 ratio Testing container has been fabricated with duplicated structure having inner and outer containers. And the outer container has 2 hinges on its side wall to allow opening and closing. Wet rock wool with 50mm in thickness has been inserted between inner and outer containers to allow root to penetrate through root barrier material and continue to grow. We planted 12 Plioblastus pygmaed Mitford A. and 4 Pyracantha angustifolia per one testing container. Three testing samples have been made for 1 type of root barrier material, which become a total 42 specimens. Planted testing samples have been installed within the greenhouse, which will be observed regularly for 2 years from now on. We started test from July 11, 2008 and had performed intermediate observations every month for initial 3 months. From the 3rd intermediate observation on Sept. 18, we confirmed that 6 types of roe barrier materials have penetrated roots. Even though two types of them have been generally used as root barrier materials for roof planting system, all of three testing samples have a lot of penetrated roots. This result proves that it is not reasonable to introduce testing methods of root barrier from Europe. USA or Japan.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.245-249
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to test performances of 14 types of root barrier materials by applying testing plants and soils suitable for weather and natural features of Korea. For testing plants, Plioblastus pygmaed Mitford A. and Pyracantha angustifolia have been selected. For testing soil, mixture of pearlite and peat moss in 3:1 ratio(volume). Testing container has been fabricated with duplicated structure having inner and outer containers. And the outer container has 2 hinges on its side wall to allow opening and closing. Wet rock wool with 50mm in thickness has been inserted between inner and outer containers to allow root to penetrate through root barrier material and continue to grow. We planted 12 Plioblastus pygmaed Mitford A. and 4 Pyracantha angustifolia per one testing container. Three testing samples have been made for 1 type of root barrier material, which become a total 42 specimens. Planted testing samples have been installed within the greenhouse, which will be observed regularly for 2 years from now on. We started test from July 11, 2008 and had performed intermediate observations every month for initial 3 months. From the 3rd intermediate observation on Sept. 18, we confirmed that 6 types of root barrier materials have penetrated roots. Even though two types of them(EDPM Sheet, Polyethylene Sheet) have been generally used as root barrier materials for roof planting system, all of three testing samples have a lot of penetrated roots. This result proves that it is not reasonable to introduce testing methods of root barrier from Europe or Japan.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.315-335
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• 2023

The building sector has seen a huge increase in the use of lightweight concrete recently, which might result in saving in both cost and time. As a result, the study has been done on various types of concrete, including lightweight (LC), heavyweight (HC), and ordinary concrete (OC), to understand how they react to earthquake loads. The comparisons between their responses have also been taken into account in order to acquire the optimal reaction for various materials in building work. The findings demonstrate that LWC building models are more earthquake-resistant than the other varieties due to the reduction in building weight which can be a curial factor in the resistance of earthquake forces. Another crucial factor that was taken into study is the combination of various types of concrete [HC, LC, and OC] in the structural components. On the other hand, the bending moments and shear forces of LC had reduced to 17% and 19%, respectively, when compared to OC. Otherwise, the bending moment and shear force demand responses in the HC model reach their maximum values by more than 34% compared to the reference model OC. In addition, the results show that the LCC-OCR (light concrete column and ordinary concrete roof) and OCC-LCR (ordinary concrete for the column and light concrete for the roof) models' responses have fewer values than the other types.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide necessary information for the establishment of remodeling range needed first to support the future remodeling of rural housing. For this, this study examined landscape characteristics of rural housing such as an outer wall, a roof, a fence, and a gate which are main elements of forming the landscape of a rural village and rural residents' perception for remodeling. The results were as follows. The subject rural housing mostly had a timber structure and a masonry structure. Common roof types were a hip-and-gable roof and a gable roof. Frequent materials were a panel, a tile, and slate and common colors were primary colors such as reddish brown, black, and gray. A fence made of cement blocks and finished by a white paint was often found. A closed gate with iron frames was common. A standup kitchen and a flush toilet inside the house were common. The family members of rural residents were mostly two including a farmer husband and his wife. Elderly people of sixty and over were the most common. For residential environment satisfaction, a half of respondents were not unsatisfied with residential environment mostly due to an old house. Most respondents who were not satisfied with residential environment had high perception for the need of remodeling. The most commonly asked remodeling part was a roof, followed by a toilet, and an outer wall, indicating that the need of exterior remodeling was higher than that of interior remodeling. For a remodeling method, a total improvement was preferred. Although some rural village housing was improved by support of the government, local governments, or social groups, there are still many old houses. As this co-existence of improved houses and old houses hinders the landscape of rural village, it is necessary to give a support. But rural residents' requests should be first actively reflected to establish a guideline of supporting rural house remodeling.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare the growth of Vitex rotundifolia as affected by the difference of soil depth and mixture ratio in a shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture ratio as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plant growth in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 7cm, 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module systems made by woody frame of $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were eight types for perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 7 : 1 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_7P_1L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 6 : 2 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 5 : 3 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 4 : 4 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$), only sand ($S_{10}$), sand : leafmold = 7 : 3 (v/v, $S_7L_3$), sand : leafmold = 5 : 5 (v/v, $S_5L_5$) and only leafmold ($L_{10}$). The growth response of Vitex rotundifolia had fine and sustain condition in $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$., Especially, in case of $P_6P_2L_2$, growth response appeared to be good even in soil thickness 7cm, which showed low survival rates of Vitex rotundifolia in other soil mixtures. Tree height, root diameter, photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents tended to increase with increased soil thickness.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2001

조선조(1392∼1910)의 궁궐·사원·상류민가의 담과 굴뚝에는 장식 문양이 다채로운 조형을 이루고 있다. 본 연구는 도자벽제작에 관한 환경디자인 연구의 일환으로서, 전(塼)과 와편(瓦片)으로 만들어진 조선조 담과 굴뚝의 전통적인 장식문양의 유형화를 시도하여 그 조형의 특성을 고찰한 것이다. 전국에 걸쳐 현지조사에 의해 수집된 685점의 문양 18종을 유형별, 대상별, 건축종별, 구성재료별, 장식기법별의 5가지로 유형화하여 상호 조형의 관련성을 검토했다. 그 결과 조선조의 담과 굴뚝에 나타나는 장식문양은 유형마다 명확한 조형의 차이와 공통성이 나타나고 있음을 알았다 또, 이들 문양의 유형을 궁궐형·사원형·민가형으로 종합하여 보면 일부의 예외적인 것도 있지만, 각각의 유형은 독특한 조형적 규범을 갖고있음을 알게 되었다. 즉, 궁궐형의 담과 굴뚝은 궁궐전유(專有)의 붉은색과 회흑색의 전을 사용해서 정교한 길상(吉祥)과 벽사(벽邪)문양을 조형화하고, 사원형과 민가형에서는 구조보강을 겸하여 와편을 겹쳐 쌓은 문양을 수평으로 연속시켜 조형화 한 것이 담과 굴뚝의 기본적인 장식이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2013

Based on the increasing demand for a solution to reduce thermal load, extensive green roofs have great opportunity for application to existing roofs due to their light-weight and easy maintenance. The present study delivers data regarding thermal behavior and heat reduction potential in relation to vegetation coverage between green roof types. 1) In the hottest hour in a day, green roofs showed considerable potential to mitigate heat load in roof environments, which can be up to $10^{\circ}C$ difference. 2) Compared to conventional cement roofs, the extensive green roofs only have a slight potential to cool the air over green roofs. By statistical analysis of linear regression, green coverage has little to do with the reduction of air temperature; the cooling effect was proven only in nighttime. 3) Green roofs act as an insulating roof membrane, the inner substrate of green roofs remained cooler than cement roof surfaces in the daytime, but in the nighttime the green roofs generally were warmer than the cement roof surfaces. 4) The variable of vegetation coverage resulted in no significant difference in thermal behavior in the air, but had the greatest effect in keeping the substrate cool in the daytime. The high vegetation coverage also hindered the rapid cooling of the substrate in the nighttime, and therefore was warmer than other measured temperatures. In order to draw a clear conclusion to combat urban heat island effect with extensive green roofs, the experiment needs to be applied on a larger scale.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

본 연구는 저토심 무관리형 옥상녹화시스템을 위한 토양배합이 세덤류 생육에 미치는 영향을 연구하여 생육 적정성 토양배합을 파악하고자 하였다. 식생모듈박스를 이용하여 토심 7cm, 5종 토양배합비가 있어 2010년 12월부터 5층 옥상에서 실시하였다. 식물의 생육현황은 P5C7P2V1이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 P10C7P2V1과 P1P1V1, P1과 C1의 생육이 가장 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 실험 경과, P5C7P2V1의 토양배합비에서 효과가 가장 양호하게 나타나, 도시내 대면적 녹화에 기여할 수 있는 토양배합비로 판단된다.