• 제목/요약/키워드: Rolling Four

검색결과 123건 처리시간 0.028초

In-situ electron beam growth of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ coated conductors on metal substrates

  • Jo, W.;Ohnishi, T.;Huh, J.;Hammond, R.H.;Beasley, M.R.
    • Progress in Superconductivity
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.175-180
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    • 2007
  • High temperature superconductor $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) films have been grown by in-situ electron beam evaporation on artificial metal tapes such as ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS). Deposition rate of the YBCO films is $10{\sim}100{\AA}/sec$. X-ray diffraction shows that the films are grown epitaxially but have inter-diffusion phases, like as $BaZrO_3\;or\;BaCeO_3$, at their interfaces between YBCO and yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or $CeO_2$, respectively. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profile of the films confirms diffused region between YBCO and the buffer layers, indicating that the growth temperature ($850{\sim}900^{\circ}C$) is high enough to cause diffusion of Zr and Ba. The films on both the substrates show four-fold symmetry of in-plane alignment but their width in the -scan is around $12{\sim}15^{\circ}$. Transmission electron microscopy shows an interesting interface layer of epitaxial CuO between YBCO and YSZ, of which growth origin may be related to liquid flukes of Ba-Cu-O. Resistivity vs temperature curves of the films on both substrates were measured. Resistivity at room temperature is between 300 and 500 cm, the extrapolated value of resistivity at 0 K is nearly zero, and superconducting transition temperature is $85{\sim}90K$. However, critical current density of the films is very low, ${\sim}10^3A/cm^2$. Cracking of the grains and high-growth-temperature induced reaction between YBCO and buffer layers are possible reasons for this low critical current density.

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출발시각기준 링크통행시간 정보의 공간적 설계 (연속류를 중심으로) (Optimal Link Length Design for Departure Time-based Link Travel Time Information)

  • 김재진;노정현;남궁성;박동주
    • 대한교통학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.145-155
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 출발시각기준 실시간 통행시간 정보를 제공을 위한 공간적 설계의 적절성을 판단하는 것이다. 그리고 적정 링크길이를 평가하기 위해 실시간 통행시간 정보제공 오차를 정의하고, 기존의 방법보다 개선된 실시간 통행시간 제공방법을 제시하였다. 이를 연구대상에 적용한 결과 첫째, 실시간 통행시간 정보제공을 위한 공간적 설계는 경로단위보다는 링크단위가 오차가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 실시간 통행시간 정보 제공방법 비교에서는 기존방법보다 본 연구에서 제시한 방법(동적특성 반영)이 오차가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 셋째, 적정 링크길이는 약 4km가 적정한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 출발시각기준 실시간 통행시간 정보제공을 위한 공간적 설계는 동적특성을 반영한 링크단위로 적용하는 것이 효과적이다.

무인 항공기의 이동체 상부로의 영상 기반 자동 착륙 시스템 (Vision-based Autonomous Landing System of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Vehicle)

  • 정성욱;구정모;정광익;김형진;명현
    • 로봇학회논문지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 2016
  • Flight of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) generally consists of four steps; take-off, ascent, descent, and finally landing. Among them, autonomous landing is a challenging task due to high risks and reliability problem. In case the landing site where the UAV is supposed to land is moving or oscillating, the situation becomes more unpredictable and it is far more difficult than landing on a stationary site. For these reasons, the accurate and precise control is required for an autonomous landing system of a UAV on top of a moving vehicle which is rolling or oscillating while moving. In this paper, a vision-only based landing algorithm using dynamic gimbal control is proposed. The conventional camera systems which are applied to the previous studies are fixed as downward facing or forward facing. The main disadvantage of these system is a narrow field of view (FOV). By controlling the gimbal to track the target dynamically, this problem can be ameliorated. Furthermore, the system helps the UAV follow the target faster than using only a fixed camera. With the artificial tag on a landing pad, the relative position and orientation of the UAV are acquired, and those estimated poses are used for gimbal control and UAV control for safe and stable landing on a moving vehicle. The outdoor experimental results show that this vision-based algorithm performs fairly well and can be applied to real situations.

극저온 $CO_2$ 세정과정 시 미세오염물의 탈착 메커니즘 연구 (A dynamic analysis on minute particles' detachment mechanism in a cryogenic $CO_2$ cleaning process)

  • 석종원;이성훈;김필기;이주홍
    • 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.29-33
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    • 2008
  • Rapid increase of integrity for recent semiconductor industry highly demands the development of removal technology of contaminated particles in the scale of a few microns or even smaller. It is known that the surface cleaning technology using $CO_2$ snow has its own merits of high efficiency. However, the detailed removal mechanism of particles using this technology is not yet fully understood due to the lack of sophisticated research endeavors. The detachment mechanism of particles from the substrates is known to be belonged in four types; rebounding, sliding, rolling and lifting. In this study, a modeling effort is performed to explain the detachment mechanism of a contaminant particle due to the rebounding caused by the vertical collision of the $CO_2$ snow. The Hertz and Johnson-Kendall-Roberts(JKR) theories are employed to describe the contact, adhesion and deformation mechanisms of the particles on a substrate. Numerical simulations are followed for several representative cases, which provide the perspective views on the dynamic characteristics of the particles as functions of the material properties and the initial inter-particle collision velocity.

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고속도강롤의 미세조직, 고온마모특성, 표면조도에 미치는 탄소, 텅스텐, 바나듐의 영향 (Effects of Carbon, Tungsten, and Vanadium on the Microstructure, High-Temperature Wear Properties, and Surface Roughness of High Speed Steel Rolls)

  • 하대진;성효경;박준욱;이성학
    • 대한금속재료학회지
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    • 제47권7호
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    • pp.406-415
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    • 2009
  • A study was conducted on the effects of carbon, tungsten, and vanadium on the wear properties and surface roughness of four High Speed Steel (HSS) rolls manufactured by the centrifugal casting method. Hot-rolling simulation tests were carried out using a high-temperature wear tester capable of controlling speed, load, and temperature. HSS rolls contained a large amount (up to 25 vol.%) of carbides such as MC, $M_{2}C$, $M_{7}C_{3}$, and $M_{6}C$ carbides formed in the tempered martensite matrix. The matrix consisted mainly of lath tempered martensite when the carbon content in the matrix was small, and contained a considerable amount of plate tempered martensite when the carbon content increased. The high-temperature wear test results indicated that the wear properties and surface roughness of the rolls improved when the amount of hard MC carbides formed inside solidification cells increased. The rolls distribution was also homogeneous. The best wear properties and surface roughness were obtained from a roll where a large amount of MC carbides was homogeneously distributed in the lath tempered martensite matrix. The proper contents of carbon equivalent, tungsten equivalent, and vanadium were 2.0~2.3%, 9~10%, and 5~6%, respectively.

Influence of Composition of Layer Layout on Bending and Compression Strength Performance of Larix Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)

  • Da-Bin SONG;Keon-Ho KIM
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.239-252
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    • 2023
  • In this study, bending and compression strength tests were performed to investigate effect of composition of layer layout of Larix cross-laminated timber (CLT) on mechanical properties. The Larix CLT consists of five laminae, and specimens were classified into four types according to grade and composition of layer. The layer's layout were composited as follows 1) cross-laminating layers in major and minor direction (Type A), and 2) cross-laminating external layer in major direction and internal layer applied grade of layer in minor direction (Type B). E12 and E16 were used as grades of lamina for major direction layer of Type A and external layer of Type B according to KS F 3020. In results of the bending test of CLT using same grade layer according to layer composition, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Type B was higher than Type A. In case of prediction of bending MOE of Larix CLT, the experimental MOE was higher than 1.00 to 1.09 times for Shear analogy method and 1.14 to 1.25 times for Gamma method. Therefore, it is recommended to predict the bending MOE for Larix CLT by shear analogy method. Compression strength of CLT in accordance with layer composition was measured to be 2% and 9% higher for Type A using E12 and E16 layers than Type B, respectively. In failure mode of Type A, progress direction of failure generated under compression load was confirmed to transfer from major layer to minor layer by rolling shear or bonding line failure due to the middle lamina in major direction.

장애인 구강건강관리인력에 따른 구강환경관리능력 지수 비교 (The comparison of Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) Index according to the number of Oral Health Care worker with Disabled)

  • 김소연;김수지;김연선;김지홍;김효진;정승민;홍지희
    • 대한심미치과학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.116-126
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: 현재 장애인의 구강건강은 구강건강전문인력인 치과위생사가 아닌 사회복지사가 책임지고 있는 실정이다. 장애인 복지시설에 상주하는 사회복지사에게 올바른 구강건강 관리방법을 제공함으로써 장애인 구강건강의 형평성 제고를 도모하고자 한다. Methods: 2019년 4월 13일부터 2019년 4월 20까지 서울시 송파구에 위치한 'o' 장애인 복지시설에 거주하는 1급 지적장애인을 대상으로 식후 치과위생사 4명과 사회복지사 4명이 잇솔질 시행 후 구강환경관리능력지수(PHP Index)를 측정하여 비교하였다. 사전에 사회복지사 4명에게 잇솔질(회전법)을 교육하였으며, 잇솔질 방법과 검사 측정 도구를 통일하였다. 대상자의 구강보건지식을 평가하기 위해 자기기입식 설문지를 사용하였고, 구강보건지식점수 및 구강환경관리능력지수(PHP index) 점수의 평균, 대상자의 일반적 특성에 대해 Microsoft Office Excel ver.2016 을 이용하여 빈도 및 백분율 산출하였다(N%). Results: 치과위생사와 사회복지사의 구강보건지식 조사에서 모든 문항에서 치과위생사가 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 치과위생사와 사회복지사가 지적장애인을 대상으로 잇솔질(회전법) 실시 후 구강환경관리능력지수(PHP Index)를 비교했을 때 연령별, 성별 모든 분류에서 치과위생사의 구강환경관리능력지수(PHP Index)가 낮게 나타났다. 2차에 걸쳐 치과위생사와 사회복지사가 지적장애인을 대상으로 잇솔질(회전법) 실시 후 구강환경관리능력지수(PHP Index)를 비교했을 때 1차, 2차 모두 치과위생사의 구강환경관리능력지수(PHP Index)가 낮게 나타났다. Conclusions: 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 장애인들의 구강건강관리를 위해 치과위생사가 사회복지사보다 구강건강관리능력이 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 장애인들의 입소시설에 치과위생사가 구강건강관리전문 인력으로 배치되어 장애인 및 사회복지사의 교육을 담당할 수 있는 환경이 조성되어야하며, 치과위생사를 양성하는 대학의 교육과정에도 장애인의 특성을 이해하는 교과목이 개설되어 전문성이 제고되어야 한다.

Characterization of Plasmid pKJ36 from Bifidobacterium longum and Construction of an E. coli-Bifidobacterium Shuttle Vector

  • Park, Nyeong-Soo;Shin, Dong-Woo;Lee, Ke-Ho;Ji, Geun-Eog
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.312-320
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    • 2000
  • Abstract The full sequence of the plasmid pKJ36, which was derived from Bifidobacterium longum KJ, was determined and analyzed to construct shuttle vectors between E. coli and Bifidobacterium. The plasmid pKJ36 was composed of 3,625 base pairs with a 65.1% G+C content. The structural organization of pKJ36 was highly similar to that of pKJ50, and the three major ORFs on pKJ36 showed high amino acid sequence homologies with those of pKJ50. The putative proteins coded by these three ORFs were designated as RepB (32.0 kDa, pI=9.25), MembB (29.0 kDa, pI=12.25), and MobB (39.0 kDa, pI=IO.66), respectively. The amino acid sequence of RepB showed a 57% identity and 70% similarity with that of the RepA protein of pKJ50. Upstream of the repB gene, the so-called iteron sequence was directly repeated four-and-ahalf times and a conserved dnaA box was identified. An amino acid sequence comparison between the MobB and MobA of pKJ50 revealed a 48% identity and 61 % similarity. A conserved oriT sequence with an inverted repeat identical to that of pKJ50 was also found upstream of the mobB gene. A hydropathy analysis of MembB revealed four possible transmembrane regions. The expressions of the repB and membB genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. The in vitro translation reaction of pKJ36 showed protein bands with anticipated sizes with respect to each putative gene product. S 1 endonuclease treatment and Southern hybridization suggested that pKJ36 replicates by a rolling circle mechanism via a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediate. A shuttle vector between E. coli and Bifidobacterium sp. was constructed using the pKJ36, pBR322, and staphylococcal chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. The successful transformation of the Bifidobacterium strains was shown by Southern hybridization and PCR. The transformation efficiency differed from strain to strain and, depending on the electroporation conditions, with a range between $1.2{\times}10^1-2.6{\times}10^2{\;}cfu/\mu\textrm{g}$ DNA.X> DNA.

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효모의 재조합 변이주를 이용한 인간 Centromeric Alphoid DNA Repeat의 안정성에 관한 연구 (Stability of Human Centromeric Alphoid DNA Repeat during Propagation in Recombination-Deficient Yeast Strains)

  • 김광섭;신영선;이상엽;안은경;도은주;박인호;임선희;선우양일
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2007
  • Centromere는 채세포분열과 생식세포분열 등 맡은 주요 기능을 담당하는 고도로 분화된 구조이다. Alphoid DNA (${\alpha}$-satellite)는 인간뿐 아니라 모든 영장류의 염색체 내 centromere에서 발견되는 반복서열의 대부분을 차지한다. 인간 인공염색체(Human Artificial Chromosome, HAC)의 개발에서 가장 핵심적인 부분은 centromere의 분리 및 안정적인 유지에 있다. 이 영역은 출아효모에서 alphoid DNA 반복서열을 hook으로 이용하여 Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning법을 사용하여 선택적으로 분리할 수 있다. 이러한 실험방법으로 먼저 repeat array를 rolling-circle amplication (RCA)를 통하여 약 5 kb까지 길이를 연장시킨 후, 효모내에서 상동성재 조합을 이용한 TAR cloning법을 사용하여 분리할 수 있다. 이렇게 분리된 35 kb-50 kb 길이의 4종류의 centromeric DNA repeat arrays (2,4,5,6 mer)를 사용하여, 반복서열의 안정성 유지를 조사하기 위해 상동성재조 합 변이주인 rad51, rad52, rad54를 사용하여 비교 분석하였다. 야생주, rad51과 rad54 변이주를 이용하여 형질전환을 수행한 결과, 반복서열의 크기에 있어서 많은 변화를 나타내었다. 반면, rad52 변이주는 야생주와 다르게 형질전환빈도가 매우 낮은 비율로 나타났으나, centromeric DNA repeat array의 안정성은 3배 이상으로 높게 나타냈다. 이러한 결과들을 미루어, rad52 변이주를 사용하여 centromeric DNA repeat arrays의 형질전환실험에서 발생하는 맡은 변이를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이러한 유전적 방법은 HAC 제작에서 반복서열의 유지에 훨씬 효율적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

현장 낙석실험을 통한 낙석방지울타리의 특성 및 성능 평가 (Characteristics and Energy Absorbing Capacity for Rockfall Protection Fence from In-Situ Rockfall Tests)

  • 구호본;박혁진;백영식
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.111-121
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    • 2001
  • 낙석방지울타리는 도로절개면 상부에서 발생한 낙석의 도로 유입을 차단하기 위하여 설치되는 구조물로 국내 국도 절개면 중 70%이상 시공되어 있다. 이와 같이 도로 절개면의 재해예방을 위하여 범용적으로 사용되는 시설물로서 그 중요성이 매우 강조될 수 있으나 국내의 경우 아직까지 설계 및 시공에 대한 기준이 미흡하고 절개면의 높이, 경사도 등 특성을 고려하지 않은 단일 표준단면도에 의해 설계, 시공되어 이의 효율성에 한계가 있는 것이 사실이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 현장실험을 통해 낙석방지울타리의 흡수가능에너지를 파악하였다. 실험을 위하여 높이 20m, 경사 65도의 절개면을 선정하여 4개 규모의 콘크리트 볼(0.7, 1.3, 2.3, 4.3 톤)을 절개면 상부로부터 낙하시켜 낙석방지 울타리의 성능을 평가하였다. 본 논문은 시공완료된 절개면을 대상으로 현장실물실험을 통해 낙석운동에너지, 암반의 반발계수, 낙석방지울타리의 흡수에너지 등을 산정하여 절개면 특성별 낙석방지울타리의 설계에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 현장실험을 통해 획득한 낙석방지울타리의 흡수가능에너지는 약 50kJ로 이는 약 0.4톤의 낙석이 10m의 높이에서 낙하할 때 발생하는 에너지와 동일하다.

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