• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.645-651
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• 2010

Recently the need for advanced security technologies are increasing as the occurrence of intelligent crime is growing fastly. Previous liveness detection methods are required for the improvement of accuracy in order to be put to practical use. In this paper, we propose a new fake image detection method using pupil reflection. The proposed system detects eyes based on multi-scale Gabor feature vector in the first stage, and uses template matching technique in oreder to increase the detection accuracy in the second stage. The template matching plays a role in determining the allowed eye area. The infrared image that is reflected in the pupil is used to decide whether or not the captured image is fake. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the previous methods in the detection accuracy of fake images.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and mutations in the BRCA1 gene produce increased susceptibility to these malignancies in certain families. In this study, the forward 1-13 exons of breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 were cloned from breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30 by RT-PCR method. Sequence analysis showed that nine BRCA1 splice forms were isolated and characterized, compared with wild-type BRCA1 gene, five splice forms of which were novel. These splice isoforms were produced from the molecular mechanism of 5' and 3' alternative splicing. All these splice forms deleting exon 11b and the locations of alternative splicing were focused on two parts:one was exons 2 and 3, and the other was exons 9 and 10. These splice forms accorded with GT-AG rule. Most these BRCA1 splice variants still kept the original reading frame. Western blot analysis indicated that some BRCA1 splice variants were expressed in ZR-75-30 cell line at the protein level. In addition, we confirmed the presence of these new transcripts of BRCA1 gene in MDA-MB-435S, K562, Hela, HLA, HIC, H9, Jurkat and human fetus samples by RT-PCR analysis. These results suggested that breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 may have unexpectedly a large number of splice variants. We hypothesized that alternative splicing of BRCA1 possibly plays a major role in the tumorigenesis of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Thus, the identification of cancer-specific splice forms will provide a novel source for the discovery of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and tumor antigens suitable as targets for therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2015

A creative innovation and an innovative problem-solving of industrial companies can be achieved by overcoming the challenges of technical and physical contradictions. The approaches to address conflicting and paradoxical problems, such as technical and physical contradictions have a crucial role in advancing the quality assessment for manufacturer and service provider. The term, technical contradiction, depicts the state that improvement of one ends of IFR (Ideal Final Result) leads to unfavorable condition of the other ends, and results in conflicting problem. Another type of contradictions that's discussed in this study is a physical contradiction which is due to two mutually opposing states of the means of ends, and gives paradoxical situation. By integrating the means-ends chain perspectives, the physical contradiction that is a specifically root-causes, "means", can be initially addressed to resolve the downstream problem of technical contradiction which represents a general and abstract goals, "ends". This research suggests IFR resolution processes to handle both physical contradiction of means and technical contradiction of ends by employing causal relationship with IFR, effects and causes. In summary, the study represents three major processes that resolve such contradictions are demonstrated as follows: 1) Derivation of causal and hierarchical relationship among IFR, ends and means by considering CAED (Cause-And-Effect Diagram) and LT (Logic Tree). 2) Identification of causal relationship between physical contradiction and technical contradiction by using TPCT (TRIZ Physical Contradiction Tree) and TCD (Technical Contradiction Diagram). 3) Application of integrated TRIZ principles by classifying 40 inventive principles into 4 general conditions of the separation principle of mutually opposite states in space, in time, based on conditions, and between the parts and the whole. In order to validate the proof of proposed IFR resolution processes, the analysis of the TRIZ case studies from National Quality Circle Contest in the years, 2011 to 2014 have been proposed. The suggested guidelines that are built based on TRIZ principles can uniquely enhance the process of quality innovation and assessment for quality practitioners.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2014

Most of military supersonic aircraft use an afterburner. It plays an important role in performing unusual duties for supersonic flight, takeoff, and combat situations. Recently, repetitive fuel leakage from the inner piston packing rubber of afterburner fuel pump in an aircraft J85-GE-21 turbojet engine has happened. These failures have only happened in one manufacturer's parts of two manufacturers. Thus, the cause of these failures was investigated through the comparative analysis for both the failed and the unfailed with two different manufacturers using various analysis methods. The failure analysis was performed using analysis methods such as swelling or swelling ratio, total sulfur content, polymer identification, loading and surface area of carbon black, and hardness. Consequently, the main cause of this failure was identified to be insufficient loading of carbon black as a reinforcing agent, together with small surface area of carbon black and somewhat low sulfur content.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2005

Most living organisms exhibit the circadian rhythm in their physiology and behavior. Recent identification of several clock genes in mammals has led to the molecular understanding of how these components generate and maintain the circadian rhythm. Many reports have implicated the photic induction of either mPer1 or mPer2 in the hypothalamic region called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to phase shift the brain clock. It is now established that peripheral tissues other than the brain also express these clock genes and that the clock machinery in these tissues work in a similar way to the SCN clock. To determine the role of the two canonical clock genes, mPer1 and mPer2, in the peripheral clock shift, stable HEK293EcR cell lines that can be induced and stably express these proteins were prepared. By regulating the expression of these proteins, it could be shown that induction of the clock genes, either mPer1 or mPer2 alone is not sufficient to cause clock phase shifting in these cells. Our real-time PCR analysis on these cells indicates that the induction of mPER proteins dampens the expression of the clock-specific transcription factor mBmal1. Altogether, our present data suggest that mPer1 and mPer2 may not function in clock shift or take part in differential roles on the peripheral circadian clock.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 1982

The histochemical examination of Undaria pinnatifida Laver were conducted with light microscope and electron microscope. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Undaria pinnatifida frond were composed with epidermis, cortex and medulla. But the cutting section of Undaria pinnatifida Laver showed that only the epidermal cell were bound to each other. The cortex and medulla of the frond were destroyed during U.P. Laver process. 2. To identification of bind material of U.P. Laver, which were treated with sodium carbonate solution for extraction of alginic acid and reacted with Periodic Acid Schiff(PAS) reagent. And the PAS reaction result was negative by light microscope observation. On this result, we found out that the alginic acid has the binder role of U.P. Laver. 3. Also, the bind structure of U.P. Laver were observed by electron microscope and could well find out the epidermal cell wall and bind position of alginic acid, which were could not observed by light microscope.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.559-566
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• 2008

Ground shaking recorded during the January 20, 2007, $M_L$ 4.8 Odaesan earthquake (Korea) were used to investigate the role of the crustal structure in producing a strong ground motion, which includes the identification of the phases responsible for the strong ground motion and their implications for seismic hazard assessment. Analyses of strong-motion data together with waveform simulation revealed that critical and post-critical reflections from the crust-mantle boundary are responsible for the abnormal ground motions. This result demonstrates that the crustal structure should be taken into consideration in studies of seismic hazard mitigation even in the areas of relatively low seismicity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2013

Protease widely exists in the digestive tract of animals and humans, playing a very important role in protein digestion and absorption. In this study, a high protease-producing strain Planomicrobium sp. L-2 was isolated and identified from the digestive tract of Octopus variabilis. The strain was identified by physiological and biochemical experiments and 16S rDNA sequences analysis. A protease was obtained from the strain Planomicrobium sp. L-2 through ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and enrichment, DEAE-Sephadex A50 anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography. The molecular weight and properties of the protease were characterized, including optimum temperature and pH, thermal stability, protease inhibitions and metal ions. According to our results, the protease from Planomicrobium sp. L-2 strain designated as F1-1 was obtained by three-step separation and purification from crude enzyme. The molecular weight of the protease was 61.4 kDa and its optimum temperature was $40^{\circ}C$. The protease F1-1 showed a broad pH profile for casein hydrolysis between 5.0~11.0. No residual activity was observed after incubation for 40 min at $60^{\circ}C$ and 60 min at $50^{\circ}C$. F1-1 protease was inhibited by $Mn^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+}$ ions, as well as PMSF, indicating that the protease F1-1 was a serine protease. Additionally, research basis provided by this study could be considered for industrial application of octopus intestinal proteases.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-95
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• 2009

The aim of this research is to design and analyze a social network service model using mobile RFID based business card. This paper suggests how the behavior of exchanging business cards will be changed in ubiquitous environment and designs a social networking service model using a ubiquitous business card, which embeds a RFID tag. We describe the scenarios and analyze a role, value and potential benefits of participants of the u-SNS service model. For the proof of the superiority and the feasibility of our model, we compare it with its related researches and products based on the calculation of the benefits and costs of the alternatives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.959-962
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• 2005

Recently, business integration and interoperability of between the heterogeneous applications are requested by rapid growth of web. Web Services that self-contained for platform and programming language is appeared used to XML of standard data format. Such amid Fast Web Services attract attention at fields necessary to bring rapid communication like Mobile and RFID. In this paper, we inquired about ASN.1 of ITU-T and IS0/IEC standard that a central role of data transform. And we studied encoding process of between ASN.1 and XML for transform SOAP massage of a massage transfer mode of Web Services to binary data.