• Title/Summary/Keyword: Role Types

Search Result 2,934, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Type of Gender Role Identity in Older Korean Men (남성노인의 성역할정체감 유형 연구)

  • Ko, Sung-Hee;Kim, Myung-Ae;Park, Euna
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.13 no.9
    • /
    • pp.260-269
    • /
    • 2013
  • Gender role identity is a key subject toward adaptation in later life. In this paper, we tried to understand the specific types and characteristics of gender role identity in view of older men. The research collected and examined 40 representative descriptions representing gender role identity, including 20 for masculinity and 20 for femininity from 40 older men. We obtained four types of gender role identity of older men from this research. "Powerful-expressive type" is energetic and reveals his brave and dominant tendency when they are working. "Powerful-taciturn type" is strongly independent and has a firm conviction, but they do not express those characters and remain silent. "Powerful-paternal type" handles his work with a driving force, and has a tender character. "Paternal-caring type" finds his own worth in life by caring for his family and children, and considers others more than himself. Future research is needed to verify how the types of gender role identity are linked to psychosocial adaptive aspects, health behaviors, mental and physical health.

The Relations among Rape Myth, Types of Sex Role, and Exposure to Sexually Obscene Material (강간 통념 수용도, 성 역할 태도 및 음란물 접촉 간의 관계 )

  • Geon-Ho Lee ;Hye-Ja Kang
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
    • /
    • v.11 no.3
    • /
    • pp.23-40
    • /
    • 2005
  • The present study tried to explore relations among rape myth, types of sex role, and exposure of sexually obscene material. The specific purposes of this study were investigate (a) if there are differences in the degree of acceptance of a rape myth according to gender, school grades and types of sex role in participants, (b) whether the acceptance of rape myth are different by the types of sex role, and (c) whether the acceptance of rape myth is related with exposure of sexually obscene material. A total of 723 students in middle, high school, and university completed a questionnaire survey. The results of this study are as follows. First, male students accepted rape myth more than female students. In the level of male students, there were significant differences in acceptance of rape myth among three school students(middle, high school, and university). Secondly, types of sex role were not related with the acceptance of rape myth. Thirdly, the correlation between their exposure of sexually obscene material and the acceptance of rape myth was significantly high in middle school male students. Finally, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

Bag Preference of Men according to their Age and Gender-role Identity Types (남성의 연령과 성역할 정체감 유형에 따른 가방 선호도)

  • Lee, Young-Ju
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.82-90
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study examines if men in the 20's and 30's have different preference for bag types according to their age and gender-role identity types in order to provide foundational data for the male bag market to segment its customers and establish marketing strategies. Total 288 questionnaire sheets were distributed to 186 men in the 20's and 102 men in the 30's residing in Busan. First, according to the result of analyzing their preference for bag types, adult men in the 20's and 30's preferred cross bags the most. It was also shown that men who are feminine or androgynous prefer back packs, shoulder bags, and tote bags to the other two types. Second, about cross bags, men in the 20's showed a higher rate of having two or three than those in the 30's. Men in the 20's possessed back packs more than those in the 30's. And men tend to show a lower rate of having shoulder bags compared with that of cross bags or back packs. Men in the 30's possessed briefcases more than those in the 20's. Masculine men had more briefcases than the other types of bags, and androgynous men tend to have more tote bags than the other types of bags. Third, men in the 20's and 30's all deemed that back packs go well with the casual style. Men in the 20's regarded shoulder bags are the type of bags that harmoniously matches all styles including casual or semi-suit; however, men in the 30's think they only suit casual or semi-suit. And it was also found that men in the 20's think briefcases are the type of bags that goes well with various styles of clothes while men in the 20's consider they are the type of bags only matching suits.

The Effect of Corporate Strategy and IT Role on the Intent for IT Outsourcing Decision (조직의 전략과 정보기술 역할이 아웃소싱 의도결정에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Dong-Hwan
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.182-194
    • /
    • 2008
  • Corporate managers look at IT outsourcing as long-term strategic choices not as short-term tactical ones, and maximizing the effect that IT outsourcing brings about is the main concern to them. Emerging different types of IT outsourcing and their effects on the corporate business decisions necessitate the research on this subject. According to previous researches, the Intent for IT outsourcing is categorized as IS Improvement, Business Impact, and Commercial Exploitation. The decison factors for these IT outsourcing include corporate strategy types, IT role, and interaction between these two. Firm size and IT maturity are selected as moderating factors to add the credibility to the research of the effect of IT outsourcing decision making. Analyzing collected data revealed that corporate strategy rather than IT role is more significant factor affecting the intent for IT outsourcing decision. Defenders(as in corporate strategy types) tend to use IT outsourcing more as a means to improve information systems, compared to analyzers and reactors. Prospectors tend to use IT outsourcing more as a commercial exploitation, compared to analyzers and reactors. These outcomes prove that corporate strategy characteristics reflect outsourcing intent. There were previous researches that showed outsourcing decision depends on IT role, however the hypothesis was rejected that IT role determines outsourcing intent. It was also rejected that the interaction between corporate strategy types and IT role determines outsourcing intent. Corporate decision makers should first analyze corporate strategy, and reflect it on the outsourcing intent when they make IT outsourcing decisions. Only the precise defining of IT outsourcing intent will lower the risk and increase the possibility of success.

The Community Structure in Old-Growth Forest of the Sangwonsa-Birobong Area, Odaesan National Park (오대산 국립공원 상원사-비로봉지역 노령임분의 군집구조)

  • 이경재;조재창;최영철
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
    • /
    • v.9 no.2
    • /
    • pp.166-181
    • /
    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to investigate the community structure of old-growth forest and vegetation-environment relationships in the Sangwonsa-Bironbong area, Odaesan National Park. TWINSPAN and DCA were used to identify and describe the community types for 45 sample sites. The results of DCA ordination showed that soil pH, soil organic matters and soil moisture played a role in determining community types in the study area. Community types of the study area were role in determining community types in the study area. Community types of the study area were classified into 6 groups by TWINSPAN; Abies holophylla-Carpinus koraiensis community. Each community types were significantly different in soil pH and soil organic matters. And each community types can be explained by geographical features.

  • PDF

The Structural Relationships between Control Types over Salespeople, Their Responses, and Job Satisfaction - Mediating Roles of Role Clarity and Self-Efficacy - (영업사원에 대한 통제유형, 반응, 그리고 직무만족 간의 구조적 관계 - 역할명확성과 자기효능감의 매개효과 -)

  • Yoo, Dong-Keun;Lim, Jong-Koo;Lim, Ji-Hoon
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.23-49
    • /
    • 2007
  • Salespeople act at the point of MOT with customers and deliver the enterprise's message to the customers. They build up relationships with customers as well as deliver the customer's message to the enterprise. The salespeople's activity at the point of MOT with the customers and the degree of satisfaction of the customers' needs will affect the customers' attitude toward the enterprise, brand loyalty, and retention intention. Ultimately, it will influence the enterprise's financial performance. The control of salespe1ople is one of the most interesting topics of marketing. This research investigates the relationships of the control types over salespeople(positive/negative outcome control, positive/negative behavior control) and job satisfaction and their mediating variables. The mediating variables in the relationships have been identified as outcome/behavior-related role clarity and self-efficacy. The purpose of this study is more specifically as follows: First, it investigate how the perception of salespeople control types affect role-clarity. Second, it examines how the perception of salespeople control types influence self-efficacy. Third, it investigate the mediating role of role-clarity between the perception of salespeople control types and self-efficacy. Fourth, it investigates how role-clarity affect self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Finally, it will investigates how self-efficacy influences job satisfaction. Data were collected from the pharmaceutical industry salespeople and analyzed by SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 6.0. The data were collected by 400 respondents and 377 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: First, positive/negative outcome controls had a positive relationship with outcome-related role clarity. Also positive behavior control had a positive effect on behavior-related role clarity, but negative behavior control didn't influence behavior-related role clarity. Second, positive outcome control influenced self-efficacy positively, but positive behavior control didn't have a positive effect on self-efficacy. In addition negative outcome control and negative behavior control had a positive effect on self-efficacy due to the mediating role of outcome-related and behavior-related role clarity. Third, outcome-related role clarity and behavior-related role clarity influenced self-efficacy positively. Behavior-related role clarity had a positive effect on job satisfaction, but outcome-related role clarity didn't influence job satisfaction. Finally, self-efficacy didn't have any effect on job satisfaction. The contributions of this study are as follows: First, existing studies have investigated the direct causal relationship between salespeoples' control type and performance, but this study investigates the structural causality between salespeoples' control types, responses, and performances. Second, this study found the mediating role of outcome-related/behavior-related role-clarity between outcome/behavior control and self-efficacy. Finally, the findings of this study further insight to existing studies on the relationship between job satisfaction and self-efficacy. The confidence of salespeoples' task influenced job satisfaction positively in existing articles,field studies, but the relationship between these two variables was not significant in this study. This means that there can be a different relationship between confidence and job satisfaction according to salespeoples' business. That is, the business environment may not be satisfying, even if the salespeople say that they have ability and confidence about their business. This means that able salespeople who have ability and confidence about their business are not satisfied with their job advancement in the company. Therefore, enterprise need to provide training that can establish a business environment that can satisfy the salespeole's expectation level which will secure good salespeople. This study may have limitation when applied to future studies. First,in this study as with existing studies it investigates the control level that salespeople feel is being measured. Actuality, the control level that a manager enforces and the control level that salespeople perceive when one is late can be different. There is need to measure lateness from both the perspective of the manager and salespeople should be done to supplement this study in the future Second, this study used variables that were connected with action result but salespeople's job satisfaction is due to the result of control. But, focusing on result of control can provide a more important financial result than sales performance. This study is also limited in that it did not consider financial result by result of control. Further studies on this will need to be done in the future. Third, this study may have a further limitation,because the investigation was restricted to pharmaceutical salespeople selling to hospitals. It is necessary to execute investigations in various industries to increase the generalization of the study findings Fourth, in this study, role clarity and self-efficacy by response variable for control and considered job satisfaction by outcome variable of control was considered. But, can other variables be considered beside response variable and result variable for control? For example, can financial affairs and change of post by outcome variable along with business stress by response variable for control be considered? Therefore, future studies need to consider various control variables. Finally, there is limited supporting research in the field of marketing which restricts the generalization of the study finding along with collecting material through random sampling of a limited size. This research summarizes the research in this area, the difference from the previous research, and provides a discussion of its limitations and the need and direction for further future research.

  • PDF

Attitudes to Home Economics Education and Role Performance of Home Economics Teacher in Middle School (중학교 가정과 교사의 가정과교육에 대한 견해와 역할수행에 관한 연구)

  • 기순임
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
    • /
    • v.36 no.5
    • /
    • pp.187-201
    • /
    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes to home economics education and role performance of home economics teacher in middle school. The target population of the study was middle school home economics teachers. A booklet of questionnaire was sent to home economics teachers in 499 middle school by mail throughout the whole country. 224 data(respondent rate was 45%) was analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Most home economics teachers more agreed to the progressive view of home economics education than to the r=traditional one. The majority of home economics teachers had best performed role as task performer and the second as counselor. The role as instructor was worst performed. 2. Regarding to views of home economics education according to personal and professional characteristics, only the traditional views of home economics education was statistically meaningful on teaching experience and types of school. 3. Regarding to degrees of role performance according to personal and professional characteristics of home economics teachers, teaching experience, types of school, plan to study in graduate school were statistically meaningful. 4. The group for traditional views had performed the role as home economics teacher better than the group against the view.

  • PDF

A Study on Care-Oriented Morality and Justice-Oriented Morality in High School Students (고등학생의 배려지향적 도덕성과 정의지향적 도덕성에 관한 연구)

  • 정미연;정옥분
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
    • /
    • v.39 no.10
    • /
    • pp.187-204
    • /
    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of care-oriented morality and justice-oriented morality with gender and sex-role identity in high school students. Care-oriented morality was assessed by Modified Care-based Morality Measure based on Gilligan's(1982) theory. Justice-oriented morality was assessed by the Korean Defining Issues Test(DIT). Sex role identity was assessed by the Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI). The subjects of this study were 157 females and 143 males, the age of 17 to 19 years old. The average level of care-oriented morality of the subjects was on level 1.5(transition from survival to responsibility) and the P score(post conventional level) of justice-oriented morality was pretty high. There were significant differences between females and males in the levels of care-oriented morality as well as justice-oriented morality. There were significant differences in sex role identity types by level of care-oriented morality. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in sex role identity types by level of justice-oriented morality.

  • PDF

A Relationship among Sexual contact, Sex Role Identity, and Self Esteem of Girls' High School Students (여고생의 성 접촉과 성역할 정체감 및 자아존중감에 대한 연구)

  • Sohn, Jung-Nam
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.468-478
    • /
    • 2003
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among sexual contact, sex role identification, and self esteem in Korean girls' high school students. Methods: The data were collected from 522 girls, who were stratified samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul, Korea from June 22 to July 18, 2002. Data were processed with the SAS program. Results: It was found that 42.51% of girls haven't experienced any sexual contact at all. The highest frequency in the final level of sexual contact was 'kiss', which was 22.03%. The 'androgyny' type among sex role identities of girls was most common, 32.57%, being followed by the 'undifferentiated' type 31.61%, the 'masculinity' type 18.97%, and the 'femininity' type 16.86, in that order. The sexual contacts such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'embracing', and 'kiss' were significantly different depending on sex role identity types. The score for self-esteem was significantly different depending on sex role identity types. The score for self- esteem was not significantly different depending on the final level of sexual contact. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, sex education programs should be developed in order to delay the sexual contacts of girls.

  • PDF

A Study on the Sex Role Identity of Gifted Children in Mathematics and Science (초등학교 수학${\cdot}$과학 영재아동의 성역할 정체감에 관한 연구)

  • Jo, Son-Mi;Jin, Sag-An
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
    • /
    • v.12 no.2
    • /
    • pp.17-29
    • /
    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the sex role identity of children who are gifted in mathematics and sciences. In order to investigate the sex role identity types, Korean Sex Role Inventory was administered to 192 gifted and 128 normal children in elementary schools. The research findings are the followings: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in the sex role identity types between gifted boys and gifted girls. 2. There were statistically significant differences between gifted and normal groups. The gifted children are more androgynous and less undifferentiated than normal group. 3. Gifted boys were higher in androgyny and masculinity than the normal group. Gifted girls showed the same pattern.