• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.365-371
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• 2022

This study explored the influence of servant leadership of directors on role performance of teachers in nursery school with examination of how perceptions of an organizational culture and teaching ethics of teachers intermediate the relationship between servant leadership and role performance of teachers. The data were collected from 501 teachers in nursery school working in Seoul and Gyung-gi-do and data analysis was done through structural equation modeling using AMOS 24.0. The study results show that the servant leadership of directors was positively related to the role performance of teachers, and organizational culture and teaching ethics of teachers were found to mediate the relationship between servant leadership of directors and role performances of teachers. In addition, he servant leadership of directors influenced the role performance of teachers through organizational culture and teaching ethics.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

Purpose - Previous research has shown that a very high level and a very low level of job scope can both be more stressful than intermediate levels of job scope. This study investigates the potential positive and negative effects of the number of accounts handled by sales personnel. The primary objective of this paper is to examine how the number of accounts salespeople handle affects their stress and performance. Research design, data, and methodology - This research conducted the data collection using a survey of salespeople in the pharmaceutical industry. I sent the survey to 420 salespeople, and received 318 usable responses. To assess measurement reliability and validity, I ran an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. I also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test all hypothesized effects in AMOS and also measured the interaction variable using Ping's (1996) approach. Results - These results show that there are linear and non-linear effects of the number of accounts handled by the salesperson on both role ambiguity and role conflict. First, the number of accounts handled by a salesperson is positively related to role ambiguity and role conflict. Second, the effect of the number of accounts handled on role ambiguity and role conflict decreases as the number of accounts handled by the salesperson increases. Third, as accounts increase from a low level, role stress increases; when the number of accounts reaches an optimal level, role stress decreases; and when the number of accounts increases to a high level, it can be detrimental to the salesperson's role stress. Fourth, while product complexity is positively related to role ambiguity, brand strength is negatively related to both role ambiguity and role conflict. Fifth, the greater the brand strength, the weaker the relationship will be between the number of accounts handled and salesperson role ambiguity. Finally, role ambiguity is positively related to salesperson performance. Conclusion - Too much and too little accounts increase the role ambiguity and role conflict of salespersons. Managers should identify the complex effect of the number of accounts handled by salespeople. Also, when products are complex, managers should provide training to eliminate any complex processes and complex information. These results suggest ways to decrease salespersons' role stress by ensuring an optimal level of the number of accounts and brand strength.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.75-79
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• 1999

Geo-features play a key role in object-oriented or feature-based geo-processing system. So the strategy for how-to-model and how-to-manage the geo-features builds the main architecture of the entire system and also supports the efficiency and functionality of the system. Unlike the conventional 2D geo-processing system, geo-features in 3B GIS have lots to be considered to model regarding the efficient manipulation and analysis and visualization. When the system is running on the Web, it should also be considered that how to leverage the level of detail and the level of automation of modeling in addition to the support for client side data interoperability. We built a set of 3D geo-features, and each geo-feature contains a set of aspatial data and 3D geo-primitives. The 3D geo-primitives contain the fundamental modeling data such as the height of building and the burial depth of gas pipeline. We separated the additional modeling data on the geometry and appearance of the model from the fundamental modeling data to make the table in database more concise and to allow the users more freedom to represent the geo-object. To get the users to build and exchange their own data, we devised a file format called VGFF 2.0 which stands for Virtual GIS File Format. It is to describe the three dimensional geo-information in XML(eXtensible Markup Language). The DTD(Document Type Definition) of VGFF 2.0 is parsed using the DOM(Document Object Model). We also developed the authoring tools for. users can make their own 3D geo-features and model and save the data to VGFF 2.0 format. We are now expecting the VGFF 2.0 evolve to the 3D version of SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) especially for 3D GIS on the Web.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.179-201
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• 2004

Online traffic flow modeling is attracting more attention due to intelligent transport systems and technologies. The flow-density relation plays an important role in traffic flow modeling and provides a basic way to illustrate traffic flow behavior under different traffic flow and traffic density conditions. Until now the research effort has focused mainly on the shape of the relation. The time series of the relation has not been identified clearly, even though the time series of the relation reflects the upstream/downstream traffic conditions and should be considered in the traffic flow modeling. In this paper the flow-density relation is analyzed dynamically and interpreted as a states diagram. The dynamic flow-density relation is quantified by applying fuzzy logic. The quantified dynamic flow-density relation builds the basis for online application of a macroscopic traffic flow model. The new approach to online modeling of traffic flow applying the dynamic flow-density relation alleviates parameter calibration problems stemming from the static flow-density relation.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.561-581
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• 2017

Bayesian statistics can play a key role in the design and analysis of clinical trials and this has been demonstrated for medical device trials. By 1995 Bayesian statistics had been well developed and the revolution in computing powers and Markov chain Monte Carlo development made calculation of posterior distributions within computational reach. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiative of Bayesian statistics in medical device clinical trials, which began almost 20 years ago, is reviewed in detail along with some of the key decisions that were made along the way. Both Bayesian hierarchical modeling using data from previous studies and Bayesian adaptive designs, usually with a non-informative prior, are discussed. The leveraging of prior study data has been accomplished through Bayesian hierarchical modeling. An enormous advantage of Bayesian adaptive designs is achieved when it is accompanied by modeling of the primary endpoint to produce the predictive posterior distribution. Simulations are crucial to providing the operating characteristics of the Bayesian design, especially for a complex adaptive design. The 2010 FDA Bayesian guidance for medical device trials addressed both approaches as well as exchangeability, Type I error, and sample size. Treatment response adaptive randomization using the famous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation example is discussed. An interesting real example of a Bayesian analysis using a failed trial with an interesting subgroup as prior information is presented. The implications of the likelihood principle are considered. A recent exciting area using Bayesian hierarchical modeling has been the pediatric extrapolation using adult data in clinical trials. Historical control information from previous trials is an underused area that lends itself easily to Bayesian methods. The future including recent trends, decision theoretic trials, Bayesian benefit-risk, virtual patients, and the appalling lack of penetration of Bayesian clinical trials in the medical literature are discussed.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2005

Electronic catalog contains ich semantics associated with products, and serves as a challenging practical domain for ontology application. Ontology is concerned with the nature and relations of being. It can play a crucial role in e-commerce as a formalization of e-Catalogs. Description Logics provide a theoretical core for most of the current ontology languages. In this paper, we present an ontological model of e-Catalogs in DL. We take an Extended Entity Relationship approach for conceptual modeling method, and present the fundamental set of modeling constructs and corresponding description language representation for each construct. Additional semantic knowledge can be represented directly in DL. Our modeling language stands within SHIQ(d) which is known reasonably practical with regard to its expressiveness and complexity. We illustrate sample scenarios to show how our approach may be utilized in modeling e-Catalogs, and also implement the scenarios through a DL inference tool to see the practical feasibility.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.331-344
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• 2021

The purposes of this study are to review the designs of chopsticks which are the tableware we use in our daily lives, and to explore the possibilities of 3D Modeling System applications to improve their designs that will add the beauty of dining by sublating uniform and limited designs of the Korean chopsticks. To do so, this researcher was produced prototypes to be a unique cultural content through delicate expression using 3D Modeling while utilizing the Korean cultural elements as the design elements. After its production, unique design for chopsticks could be developed with the Korean characteristics. Like the case of this prototype, 3D Modeling and 3D Printing can help seek the new designs of chopsticks and improve the quality by multiple simulations. Also, it will assist to develop cultural contents that can play a role of the Korean cultural goods.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2021

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image is a powerful tool to show the major scattering regions (scatterer points) on the target. It is normally used to identify and classify targets. Finding information for the scatter points of ISAR image plays an important role in modeling the features of targets. In this paper, we propose a modeling method to extract some information about the scatterer points by minimizing approximating error. Here, the extracted information include not only the location of scatterer points but also some statistical data about the error of the their location. These extracted data can be used to implement the randomness of the location of the scatterer points. Furthermore, we reconstruct an image from the extracted data for scatterer points obtained by our proposed method. And we show that the reconstructed ISAR image is well approximated to the original ISAR image in order to justify our proposed modeling method.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify core keywords and topic groups in the "adolescent pregnancy" field of research for a better understanding of research trends in the past 10 years. Methods: Topics related to adolescent pregnancy were extracted from 3,819 articles that were published in journals between January 2013 and July 2023. Abstracts were retrieved from five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, RISS, and KISS). Keywords were extracted from the abstracts and cleaned using semantic morphemes. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.3.3. Results: The most important keywords were "health," "woman," "risk," "group," "girl," "school," "service," "family," "program," and "contraception." Five topic groups were identified through topic modeling. Through the topic modeling analysis, five themes were derived: "health service," "community program for school girls," "risks for adult women," "relationship risks," and "sexual contraceptive knowledge." Conclusion: This study utilized text network analysis and topic modeling to analyze keywords from abstracts of research conducted over the past decade on adolescent pregnancy. Given that adolescent pregnancy leads to physical, mental, social, and economic issues, it is imperative to provide integrated intervention programs, including prenatal/postnatal care, psychological services, proper contraception methods, and sex education, through school and community partnerships, as well as related research studies. Nurses can play a vital role by actively engaging in prevention efforts and directly supporting and educating socially disadvantaged adolescent mothers, which could significantly contribute to improving their quality of life.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.765-774
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• 1996

Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) requires models of manufacturing processes to be implemented on the computer. These models are typically used for determining optimal process control parameters or designing adaptive control systems. In spite of the progress made in the mechanistic modeling, however, empirical models derived from experimental data play a maior role in manufacturing process modeling. This paper describes the development of a meural metwork medel for injection molding. This paper describes the development of a nueral network model for injection molding process. The model uses the CAE analysis data based on Taguchi method. The developed model is, then, compared with the traditional polynomial regression model to assess the applicabilit in practice.