• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2020

In this paper, we reported that the global trend of cement production and utilization as raw materials and as a fuel. As we know, cement is one of the significant materials required for the construction industry. The recent trend of rising urbanization, both the cement and construction industry played a vital role. The cement industry is a major sustainable infrastructure for the countries. Currently, China producing cement half of the world's cement production. During the year 2018, Korea producing cements nearly 57.5 million metric tons. Waste materials are used as circular resources and also having tremendous benefits for cement production. Another important use of these circular resources is fuel for the cement industry. There is a large potential benefit of the cement industry, but it's creating a severe environmental threat. The cement industry contributes to the major emissions of CO2. This leads the global warming. As per the Paris agreement, the Korean government initiated the recycling policy of waste materials and also the utilization of circular resources for the prevention of limited natural resources and also the global warming effect.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.500-520
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• 2010

The purposes of this case study were (1) to explore one experienced teacher's views on Earth Systems Education and (2) to describe and document the characteristics of the Earth Systems Education (ESE) curriculum provided by an exemplary middle school science teacher, Dr. J. All the essential pieces of evidence were collected from observations, interviews with the experienced teacher and his eighth grade students, informal conversations, document analysis, and field notes. The $NUD^*IST$ for MS Windows was used for an initial data reduction process and to narrow down the focus of an analysis. All transcriptions and written documents were reviewed carefully and repeatedly to find rich evidence through inductive and content analysis. The findings revealed that ESE provided a conceptual focus and theme for organizing his school curriculum. The curriculum offered opportunities for students to learn relevant local topics and to connect the classroom learning to the real world. The curriculum also played an important role in developing students' value and appreciation of Earth systems and concern for the local environment. His instructional strategies were very compatible with recommendations from a constructivist theory. His major teaching methodology and strategies were hands-on learning, authentic activities-based learning, cooperative learning, project-based learning (e.g., mini-projects), and science field trips. With respect to his views about benefits and difficulties associated with ESE, the most important benefit was that the curriculum provided authentic-based, hands-on activities and made connections between students and everyday life experiences. In addition, he believed that it was not difficult to teach using ESE. However, the lack of time devoted to field trips and a lack of suitable resource materials were obstacles to the implementation of the curriculum. Implications for science education and future research are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2332-2338
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• 2011

The economy of the EU left behind the U. S. economy in many different aspects and the gap is widening. One major reason that promoted the EU's leading position is the ability to continuously advancing industrial technology and therefor secures the EU's leading position through a high level of competitiveness. The role as a powerhouse of the technological development is nurtured by a systematic attempt of the EU commission to stimulate international cooperation. Although the EU is focussing its efforts on international cooperation between EU members states, nonmembers, namely Korea, can benefit from this policy as well and generate win-win outcomes for both cooperating partners. The paper aims in the first chapter to introduce international technological cooperations in general. The second chapter identifies the political approach of both countries towards technological cooperations. The third chapter introduces the research method. In the forth chapter is analyzed a case study of two cooperation projects between Japan and the EU. Finally, implications for Korean policy makers are given.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.324-327
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• 2020

The impact of output conductance (g_o) on the short-circuit current-gain cut-off frequency (f_T) in In_0.8Ga_0.2As high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on an InP substrate was investigated. An attempted was made to extract the values of f_T in a simplified small-signal model (SSM) of the HEMTs, derive an analytical formula for f_T in terms of the extrinsic model parameters of the simplified SSM, which are related to the intrinsic model parameters of a general SSM, and verify its validity for devices with L_g from 260 to 25 nm. In long-channel devices, the effect of the intrinsic output conductance (g_oi) on f_T was negligible. This was because, from the simplified SSM perspective, three model parameters, such as g_{m_ext}, C_{gs_ext} and C_{gd_ext}, were weakly dependent on g_oi. However, in short-channel devices, g_oi was found to play a significant role in degrading f_T as L_g was scaled down. The increase in g_oi in short-channel devices caused a considerable reduction in g_{m_ext} and an overall increase in the total extrinsic gate capacitance, yielding a decrease in f_T with g_oi. Finally, the results were used to infer how f_T is influenced by g_oi in HEMTs, emphasizing that improving electrostatic integrity is also critical importance to benefit fully from scaling down L_g.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.4-4
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• 1998

As our society leads into information age, it becomes necessary to build a new national science & technology information system responded to new social technological change. Therefore, It is needed a picture of the new economic structure to introduce a new system, but our part of science & technology information service have not taken into account of it. This paper gives the national R&D electronic information service system of science & technology in this new change a guide to the coming structure, thus allowing it to better define and position its offerings in the context of one another. The premise of this paper is that new role of it will be based on the structure of new national science & technology information system In this research results, information society of the future is going to the direction of maximizing the economies of extent and connection. The intent of Science & Technology Integrated Information System is hold the information in common, to possess accumulation benefit of the information. In this system, science & technology information fulfill its function of a R&D part in national management system, therefore cooperation among enterprise, school and research institution is easily made through the process into more enhancing the total competition of national science & technology.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-27
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• 1985

Islam toot a great interest in the utility sciences such as mathematics and astronomy as it needed them for the religious reasons. It needeed geometry to determine the direction toward Mecca, its holiest place: arithmetic and algebra to settle the dates of the festivals and to calculate the accounts lot the inheritance; astronomy to settle the dates of Ramadan and other festivals. Islam expanded and developed mathematics and sciences which it needed at first for the religious reasons to the benefit of all mankind. This thesis focuses upon the golden age of Islamic culture between 7th to 13th century, the age in which Islam came to possess the spirit of discovery and learning that opened the Islamic Renaissance and provided, in turn, Europeans with the setting for the Renaissance in 14th century. While Europe was still in the midst of the dark age of the feudal society based upon the agricultural economy and its mathematics was barey alive with the efforts of a few scholars in churches, the. Arabs played the important role of bridge between civilizations of the ancient and modern times. In the history of mathematics, the Arabian mathematics formed the orthodox, not collateral, school uniting into one the Indo-Arab and the Greco-Arab mathematics. The Islam scholars made a great contribution toward the development of civilization with their advanced the development of civilization with their advanced knowledge of algebra, arithmetic and trigonometry. the Islam mathematicians demonstrated the value of numerals by using arithmetic in the every day life. They replaced the cumbersome Roman numerals with the convenient Arabic numerals. They used Algebraic methods to solve the geometric problems and vice versa. They proved the correlation between these two branches of mathematics and established the foundation of analytic geometry. This thesis examines the historical background against which Islam united and developed the Indian and Greek mathematics; the reason why the Arabic numerals replaced the Roman numerals in the whole world: and the influence of the Arabic mathematics upon the development of the modern mathematics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.127-151
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• 2016

UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts(PICC) was published in 1994. PICC has been functioned as a guideline of international commercial contracts, an applicable law to govern a contract by the agreement of the parties to a contract, general principles of law and lex mercatoria. In addition, PICC has a role of interpreting or supplementing international uniform law instruments as well as domestic laws, and also has served as a model for national and international legislations. PICC has been accepted as a authoritative source of knowledge of international trade usages of international commercial contracts to the arbitral tribunal rather than domestic court because it excluded the characteristics of hard law at the drafting stage. This article dealt with the rule on gross disparity of validity which fall outside the scope of UN Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods(CISG), which has obtained a leading legal position of uniform law in international sales of good. In other words, PICC suggests a series of meaningful solutions to the issue of gross disparity of contract which is the most complicated among legal disputes occurring during the process of conclusion of contact and also extremely different and diverse between legal systems. This article covered the issue of gross disparity of contract at the conclusion of contact and suggested the legal basis of several rules related to the gross disparity by analysing gross disparity rule of PICC. Furthermore, this article suggested legal check points or implication as well as interpretation and evaluation on doctrine of laesio enormis and undue influence or unconscionability. This article also dealt with a comparative analysis with Principles of European Contract Law(PECL) and Common European Sales Law(CESL) which have important legal positions in the area of international commercial contract as well as in terms of close relationship to PICC by linking with recent court or arbitral tribunal rulings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.463-466
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• 2016

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain neoplasm. The current standard therapy for GBM consists of maximal surgical resection within safe limits, followed by radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of GBM remains poor. Epileptic seizure is one of the most common symptoms in patients with GBM. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is often used as an anti-epileptic drug in patients with brain neoplasms due to its effectiveness and low toxicity profile. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that VPA has radiosensitizing effects for gliomas and radioprotective influence on normal brain tissue or hippocampal neurons. The results of several retrospective studies have also indicated potential benefit to improve survival of patients with GBM. Moreover, the promising treatment results of a phase 2 trial of concurrent radiation therapy, temozolomide, and VPA for patients with GBM have been recently reported. The use of VPA in patients with GBM has thus recently receiving more attention. In this article, we review the role of VPA in radiation therapy for GBM, focusing on the clinical evidence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1275-1280
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• 2014

Purpose: To define factors that affect the performance status of BSE and confidence of student nurses. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the academic year 2010-2011 in a nursing faculty in $\dot{I}$zmir, Turkey. "Informative data form" and "Champion's Revised Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS)" were used as data collection forms. Results: The mean age of the participant nurses was $21.0{\pm}1.49$. The mean CHMS scores of the student nurses were as follows: perceived susceptibility regarding breast cancer, $7.78{\pm}2.46$; perceived seriousness regarding breast cancer, $22.4{\pm}5.43$; perceived benefit regarding BSE application, $20.5{\pm}4.45$; perceived barriers regarding BSE application, $23.8{\pm}7.13$; perceived confidence regarding BSE application, $36.3{\pm}7.78$; the mean score of health motivation sub-scale, $25.7{\pm}4.59$; and mean of the total score of the scale, $36.5{\pm}15.01$. Conclusions: The outcomes obtained in this study indicated the importance of better education to student nurses, who have a key role in teaching preventive health behaviour including BSE to society and other university students as colleagues.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.318-325
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• 2010

This study is to examine loyalty building model which reflected differentiated traits of professional service to establish strong loyalty for gaining competitive edge. Professional service is where consumer can not easily predict the result of service as well as other common traits. It also has trait that is difficult to evaluate service satisfaction and quality even after using the service because knowledge imbalance between service provider and user is great. Therefore, in professional service, satisfaction and emotion that consumer perceives in the service use process will play critical role in loyalty formation. As a result, the model of this study divided dimension into responsiveness satisfaction which is satisfaction dimension of professional service use process, interaction satisfaction, technical satisfaction and structurally examined the relationship between emotional commitment and cognitive commitment and the relationship between dimension of commitment and loyalty. The analysis result show that dimension of satisfaction which perceived in professional service use process increases both emotional commitment and cognitive commitment and these commitments effect to loyalty formation.