• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

Recently, vehicle simulators are widely used to evaluate driver s responses and driver assistance systems. It needs much effort to construct the virtual driving environment for a vehicle simulator. In this study, it is described how to make effectively the roads and the driving environment for a vehicle simulator. GIS (Geographic Information System) is used to construct the roads and the environment effectively. Because the GIS is the integrated system of geographical data, it contains useful data to make virtual driving environment. First, boundaries and centerlines of roads are extracted from the GIS. From boundaries, the road width is calculated. Using centerlines, mesh models of roads are constructed. The final graphic model of roads is constructed by mapping road images to those mesh models considering the number of lanes and the kind of surface. Data of buildings from the GIS are extracted. Each shape and height of building is determined considering the kind of building to construct the final graphic model of buildings. Then, the graphic model of roadside trees is constructed to decide their locations. Finally, the driving environment for driving simulator is constructed by converting the three graphic models with the graphic format of Direct-X and by joining the three graphic models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2014

This study analyzed the preference depending on street planting types and visual characteristics on Dongdaegu-ro located in Suseong-gu, Daegu Metropolitan City. The Single Row Roadside, Central Sidewalk Plantings, Double Row Parallel and Alternate Plantings were selected as the planting types. The plantings were divided at intervals of 4, 7 and 10 meters. A survey was conducted by dynamic simulation produced from pedestrian perspective. As a result, in single planting, the single central sidewalk planting with 4 meter-interval showed a high landscape preference 4.64. In addition, in double planting, the double alternate planting with 7 meter-interval showed the highest landscape preference 5.01. The factors that had the greatest effect on the landscape preference were 'comfortable' and 'beautiful'. It was considered that they should be preferentially taken into account in producing landscapes by planting. It was considered that they should be preferentially taken into account. It is also considered that this study will be used for objective data and planting plan for establishing the comfortable and high quality streetscape by quantitative evaluation of the visual characteristics and preference according to the street planting types.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.607-617
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• 2014

This paper proposed the M&S(Modeling & Simulation) method of channel characterization of satellite communication in the operating area of satellite OTM(On-The-Move) terminal. In M&S, received signal profile was acquired by HTZ warfare software which uses 3 dimensional map including building, road information and geographical features, and then was analyzed statistically. And a received signal profile and its statistics from M&S data were compared with those from measured data. The research showed that the simulated received signal profile matched the measured one about 74.8 percent and simulated statistics matched well as roadside trees were excluded.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to figure out visual character and preference of roadscape for the main entrance road in Chongju. We took 9.6km which was from the Chongju interchange of Kyungbu expressway to Sangdang park and was thought to have a peculiar characteristics. This main entrance road was seperated into 4 parts according to arranging patterns of roadside trees and buildings. To investigate the visual characters, the sementic differential scale experiment was used. The visual characters, the sementic differential scale experiment was used. The visual preference was examined by analyzing visual volume of 4 factors. The results of the study based on these analyses were as below : 1. Factors that compose the visual characters of roadscape were classified by the emotional factor, the individual factor and the physical factor. These 3 factors showed a64.14% total variance. Among 3 factors the emotional factor which represented psychological reaction was appreciated to be the highest and the physical factor was assessed to be the lowest. 2. 24 items in total 14 adjectives showed the following ranking of mean values in sementic differential experiment : Road I -->RoadIII-->RoadII-->RoadIV. The mean values between Road I and RoadIV showed a significant difference, which can be explained to be a contrast between the natural factor and the artificial factor. 3. The mean value of the visual preference was the highest at Road I and the lowest at Road IV. While Road II and Road III showed 3.51 and 4.71, respectively. 4. The effect of 4 factors on visual preference was analyzed by regression as follows : Visual preference =1.2983+0.0627 + 0.0230+0.0203, R-Square=0.5

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 1974

The relations of the growth responses of plants, i.e. 4 species of crops, 12 species of roadside trees and 5 species of horticultural plants to cadmium (Cd) to which added soil were studied in pot culture. Growth in dry weight of corn, soybean, barley and wheat plant were decreased with increase of Cd concentration. Damage of corn plant caused by Cd treatment was more or less recovered when it was grown in soil with calcium, but that of other three crops was not recovered when it was with calcium. Although crop plants used here absorbed small amount of Cd through root, Cd content in the shoot was directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd treated to soil. Additions of calcium and sulfur to soil were effectively to change of soil pH, and only of calcium increased exchangeable calcium and cation exchange capacity of its soil. The chlorosis on leaves caused by Cd treatment was observed in 2 species such as Euonymus japonica and Rhododendron yedoense out of 5 species of the horticultural plants, especially at 50ppm of Cd concentration, Euonymus japonica occurred symptoms of chlorosis and difoliation, and at the higher concentration than that the symtoms were sever more and more. At 200 ppm of Cd feeble damage was observed in Pinus koraiensis and Ginkgo biloba but severe chlorosis observed in Robinia pseudoacacia and Sabina chinensis, Buxus koreana, Abies holophylla and Platanus orientalis. Nevertheless those plants had serious damage at 200 ppm of Cd, such symptom was weakened by adding calcium to soil with Cd. There were many Cd tolerant species out of the plants used in thies xperiment, such as Crassula falcata, Chrysanthemum morfolium, Hibiscus syriacus, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Liriodendron tulipeferia, Lespedeza crytobotrys.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 1997

In South Korea since 1970s the rapid development of economic growth has brought about "Urbanization" in many areas and also raised the level of people's life in many ways. At the same time, however, the industrialization and overpopulated districts in many areas have caused the problems of air pollution in necessary. Among those air pollution, in particular, in large cities has become more serious since 1990s than before. Air pollution, like TSP and SO$_{x}$ caused by heating, generation of electric power and industrialization in 1980s, showed as that of the type of an underdeveloping country and was not hazardous enough to people in the least. Unfortunately, in 1990s NO$_{x}$, CO and O$_{3}$ caused by the soaring numbers of many types of cars have exhausted air pollutant more hazardous as the same air pollution type of many developed countries. So, the purpose of this study would be to analyze the changes of concentration of NO$_{x}$ and CO on environmental air by traffic volume and from the side drive way to the degree of distance in Sungnam City, and recognize the citizens' consciousness to air pollution and suggest the best walking point in part, and plan to design the reasonable use of cars and finally make the air quality improve toward the better-ment in part. From the research result we can know that people walking in the street would be protected from the hazardous air pollutant caused by the cats if they walk apart from a drive way as far as they can in the street. Accordingly, it might, to minimize th affect of air pollution, be thought to be desirable that the consideration of in introduction the system that the vehicle using the diesel engine motor should use the centered-lane aparted from road. Another to be desirable is that along side the road, the trees inhaled the pollution should be planted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

There are lots of forests around the Korean rural village. This study was conducted to investigate the state of the forests by the 15 forests case study of the Kamgok region in Chon-guk-Do province, Korea. The results are as follows. 1. The forests lose mostly original form by the construction of road and forest clearing for the land development business. And almostly the form of the forests is a trapezoid or roundness. 2. The forests were remained on account of the Korean cemetery customs which is burying underground. 3. The conservation of the forests becomes more difficult because of the continuous development pressure. 4. Because the scale of the forests is so small, they aren't named as the natural resort forest by the forest law. So it will be the better alternative that they are conserved and used by inducing the concept of the village resort forest. 5. Because the owenership of the forests exists in a person or a family, the forests will be destructed continuously by the cemetery development. 6. The vegetation of the upper trees in the forests is the simple forests of Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and bamboo. The height of upper tree is average 10-12m. And average root diameter is 13-29cm. The age of the tree is average 50 years old. The state of the forests is mostly fine. 7. It is clarified that the price of the forest land is 3-5 times expensive than the other cultivated land. 8. The forests were made by the forefathers for the purpose of the practical use and were reforested in the era 1960s, 1970s.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1968

1. The Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea was widely distributed ranging from Seoul to Kangnung, Yung-ju, Taegu, Iri and Kwang-ju in 1967. 2. Heavily infested tree species by the Fall webworm were Sycamore, Cherry, ash-leaved maple, poplar, and elm. 3. The average number of larval masses per damaged garden tree and roadside tree was 7.0 and 3.4 respectively. 4. Trees of 6-10m in height had most number of larval masses and were most heavily infested. 5. More larval masses were found in the median and lower parts than higher parts of the crown. 6. The ratio of damaged by second generation was 55% higher than by first generation. The ratio of damage by 3rd generation is 18% less than by first generation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.72-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the germination rates and ground coverage rates of the 16 native wild flower, herbaceous, shrub and woody plants according to temperature and seeding timing for the revegetation and rehabilitation of the roadside slopes. Also, this study was conducted to suggest design criteria to select revegetation plants and to decide proper seed mixture for ecological restoration of the disturbed manmade slopes as a environmentally friendly construction. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Most of the plants germinated after 10~14 days. Woody plants germinated more slowly than wild flowers and herbaceous plants because of the hard seed. 2. Most of the plants showed the highest percentage of the germination rates under $15/25^{\circ}C$ temperature. The next was in order of under the $20/30^{\circ}C$ temperature, normal temperature(October) and $25/35^{\circ}C$ temperature. 3. At the chamber experiment, the Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila showed the highest germination rates. Most of the native wild flowers germinated well and showed high germination rates under the various temperature. 4. As the field germination experiments, the seeding at August shows higher germination rates than that of the seeding at September, but showed lower surviving percentage of the germinated seedlings and lower ground coverage percentage than those of the seeding at September. After one year, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, Albizzia julibrissin are germinated and showed 10% coverage rates. So, they can be used as revegetation plants for the restoration works. 5. As seed mixture experiment, it was not effective only to increase the proportion of the ratio of the tree seeds, relatively high price, for making woody vegetation. It would be more successful to make vegetation structure by natural competition among wild flowers, shrubs and trees. 6. The excessive dominance of trees in revegetation works may destroy the lower layer of vegetation and it will be undesirable on the species diversity. It is more important to recover the species diversity of the plant community by seed mixture with the considering the germination, the growth characteristics and the correlation effect among revegetation plants. 7. To recover the manmade slopes quickly, increasing the ratio of the wild flower was recommended.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.298-301
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• 2015

A new Hibiscus syriacus variety, 'Dasom', was developed by radiation breeding using gamma ray exposure at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Seeds of the original variety, 'Hongsun', were collected in 1993. These seeds were irradiated at 100 Gy dose and $M_1$ seeds were planted in a field of the KAERI in 1994. Lines with preferred flower color that were going to be used for street trees were initially selected in 1998. Analyses of characteristics were conducted from 2005 to 2010. The 5-year-old 'Dasom' plants were approximately 106 cm in height and averaged 19 branches, and thus were suitable for street trees. The flowers of 'Dasom' were semi-double type with medium red color and red eye spots. Petal length and width were about 4.0 cm and 3.3 cm, respectively. Flower diameter was slightly small, at about 5.8 cm, because of highly overlapping petals. The flowering period of 'Dasom' was about 105 days, which was 6 days shorter than that of the original variety, 'Hongsun'. However, the main charactersistics of 'Dasom' including leaf shape were similar to those of the original variety, 'Hongsun'.