• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.9
• /
• pp.1335-1342
• /
• 2020

The identification of bacterial pathogens to humans is critical for environmental microbial risk assessment. However, current methods for identifying pathogens in environmental samples are limited in their ability to detect highly diverse bacterial communities and accurately differentiate pathogens from commensal bacteria. In the present study, we suggest an improved approach using a combination of identification results obtained from multiple databases, including the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database, virulence factor database (VFDB), and pathosystems resource integration center (PATRIC) databases to resolve current challenges. By integrating the identification results from multiple databases, potential bacterial pathogens in metagenomes were identified and classified into eight different groups. Based on the distribution of genes in each group, we proposed an equation to calculate the metagenomic pathogen identification index (MPII) of each metagenome based on the weighted abundance of identified sequences in each database. We found that the accuracy of pathogen identification was improved by using combinations of multiple databases compared to that of individual databases. When the approach was applied to environmental metagenomes, metagenomes associated with activated sludge were estimated with higher MPII than other environments (i.e., drinking water, ocean water, ocean sediment, and freshwater sediment). The calculated MPII values were statistically distinguishable among different environments (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the suggested approach allows more for more accurate identification of the pathogens associated with metagenomes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2007

HAZOP analysis is a systematic method on the basis of the experts' experience and knowledge and is used for hazard identification and risk assessment by using brainstorming method. So, HAZOP analysis has been applied to major chemical industries efficiently. But it does not apply to small and midium chemical industries because of the insufficiency of the experts. Hence, in this study a new hazard identification method is proposed by modifying complexity and expertise of the HAZOP analysis and will be contributed to improve risk management for small and midium chemical industries.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.294-305
• /
• 2010

This study estimated the health risk of heavy metals in particulate matter $(PM)_{2.5}$ in a Gwangyang industrial complex. The $PM_{2.5}$ containing heavy metal was collected from January to November, 2008 using a denuder air sampler and by IC (Ion Chromatograph). The risk assessment was performed in a four-step process; hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. In the hazard identification process, $Cr^{6+}$, Ni, As, and Pb were categorized as human carcinogens and probable human carcinogens, while Ti, Mn, Se, P, $Cr^{3+}$, Cu, and Zn were not classified as human carcinogens. It was found that the excess cancer risk by Central Tendency Exposure (CTE) of $Cr^{6+}$ and As in $PM_{2.5}$ was > $10^{-6}$, and the total excess cancer risk posed by carcinogen heavy metals in $PM_{2.5}$ was > $10^{-6}$. It was also determined that the total hazard index by CTE of non-carcinogen heavy metals in $PM_{2.5}$ was <1. Taken together, these results indicate a high cancer risk associated whit inhalation of heavy metal-containing$PM_{2.5}$ in industrial areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.434-447
• /
• 1995

This research was intended to identify variables influencing on risk perception and risk reduction behavior in clothing purchase situations. Responses from 631 female adults living in Seoul area were collected and analyzed. Towner for social occasions or working in office was used as clothing stimulus. The analysis included three product variables(price, style, type of clothing), 4 personality variables(generalized self-confidence, specific self-confidence, generalized informativeness, fashion informativeness), 2 clothing attitude variables(clothing importance, clothing interest), 4 demographic variables(age, educational level, occupation, income), and 3 situational variables(purchase planning, time pressure, effects of shopping company). Multiple regression revealed the fact that each type of clothing risk and each type of risk reduction behavior was influenced by the set of different variables. Generalized self- confidence and age and time pressure had more effects on clothing risk perception, while clothing risk reduction behavior was more influenced by clothing risk type, clothing interest, price of clothing and fashion informativeness. Implications for marketing strategies planning were also provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2012

'Navigable airspace' means an airspace at and above the minimum safe flight level, including airspace or flight procedures needed for safe takeoff and landing. Airspace may be established as needed and may be abolished, and in some cases may be limited to airspace management. These are absolutely based on risk assessment. Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. 'Risk' is the assessed potential for adverse consequences resulting from a hazard and 'Risk assessment' involves consideration of both the frequency and the severity of any adverse consequence. This paper proposed 'risk assessment procedure' for the structural changes of Navigable Airspaces through literature reviews relevant to manuals on airspace management and risk management.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2001

This study reviewed the national standards for risk management to judge whether they are suitable for a product safety management program. Among the standards issued from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, and UK, the risk management guideline (AS/NZS 4360: 2000) issued jointly from both Australia and New Zealand have better features for product safety management program than any other risk management standards in view point of broad definition of risk concept including opportunities of loss and gain, stepwise composition of management processes applicable iteratively, and integrable form of structure addible to existing management practice. Comparing the three product safety management programs suggested by several authors yielded common features of product safety management program model: (1) organization for product safety, (2) risk identification, (3) risk evaluation, (4) risk treatment, (5) monitoring/communication, and (6) documentation. All of these activities can be performed within risk management framework proposed by AS/NZS 4360.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2003

This study proposed a method to apply risk management standards to a product safety management program and reviewed cases where a risk management cycle is applied to the product safety management program. Comparing the four product safety management programs suggested by several authors yielded common features of the risk management cycle: (1) organization for product safety, (2) risk identification, (3) risk evaluation, (4) risk treatment, (5) monitoring/communication, and (6) documentation. A Japan company(Ricoh)'s case showed that the risk management cycle to treat product liability risks can be used as a successful product safety management program.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2012

It is very important the collaboration and risk management of supply chain between the parent company and its partners in the supply chain risk management(SCRM). It was known that the SCRM approach is very different between a large enterprise and a small and medium-sized enterprise. This paper deals with the suggestion about SCRM structure for a small and medium-sized enterprise. This SCRM structure consist of risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation. We expect that this SCRM structure promote the collaboration between a parent company and its partners to alleviate the supply chain risk.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2023

Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults, damaging the brain and resulting in impaired memory, thinking, and behavior. The identification of differentially expressed genes and related pathways among affected brain regions can provide more information on the mechanisms of AD. The aim of our study was to identify differentially expressed genes associated with AD and combined biomarkers among them to improve AD risk prediction accuracy. Methods Machine learning methods were used to compare the performance of the identified combined biomarkers. In this study, three publicly available gene expression datasets from the hippocampal brain region were used. Results We detected 31 significant common genes from two different microarray datasets using the limma package. Some of them belonged to 11 biological pathways. Combined biomarkers were identified in two microarray datasets and were evaluated in a different dataset. The performance of the predictive models using the combined biomarkers was superior to those of models using a single gene. When two genes were combined, the most predictive gene set in the evaluation dataset was ATR and PRKCB when linear discriminant analysis was applied. Conclusions Combined biomarkers showed good performance in predicting the risk of AD. The constructed predictive nomogram using combined biomarkers could easily be used by clinicians to identify high-risk individuals so that more efficient trials could be designed to reduce the incidence of AD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.376-383
• /
• 2001

This study reviewed the national standards for risk management to judge whether they are suitable for a product safety management program. Among the standards issued from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, and UK, the risk management guideline (AS/NZS 4360: 2000) issued jointly from both Australia and New Zealand have better features of product safety management program such as a broad definition of risk concept including opportunities of loss and gain, stepwise composition of processes applicable iteratively, and integrable composition of processes for the existing other management practice. Comparing the three product safety management programs suggested by several authors yielded common features of product safety management program model: (1) organization for product safety, (2) risk identification, (3) risk evaluation, (4) risk treatment, (5) monitoring/communication, and (6) documentation. All of these activities can be performed within risk management framework.