• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

The new businesses started by the companies usually results in being unsuccessful. The main reasons for that are either aiming targeting wrong customers, unsatisfaction of customers' requesting quality standards, or taking wrong actions against the competitors in the market. Therefore, companies should aim the targets for the newly developing products based on the fulfilling values for the customers when they start the new businesses, and should take good cares for risk managements at the each step of the new business to prevent the failure in advance. In addition to that, the companies starting new businesses not only need to take the customers attributes (CA) into account, but they also should apply the new technologies as one system to initiate a new business to satisfy the basic wants of the customers. This article suggests the New Product Development Pursuing Model using the Indicative Planning methodology and the Quality Management tools. The New Product Development Pursuing Model would be completed by the following steps as below; 1. Drawing the CTQ (Critical To Quality) for setting up the new product development objectives by : i) using the VOC (Voice Of Customers) obtained by the QFD (Quality Function Deploypment) if the market is mature, ii) applying AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to information in the QIS (Quality Information System) if the market is unmature to get enough need information of the customers. 2. Risk Management in NPD : The NPD pursuing model consisted of the IP (indicative planning) is suggested not by the process of top-down-way mandatory planning process, but by the tools used in the administrative science and economic fields, namely by governance. The companies could apply innovative methodology for new products development processes to fulfil the customers satisfaction in the fields, through the CA (Contingency Approach) of the NPD (New Product Development) process.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.64-77
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• 2015

An effective method for produce munitions effectiveness data is to calculate weapon effectiveness indices in the US military's Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manuals (JMEM) and take advantage of the damage evaluation model (GFSM) and weapon Effectiveness Evaluation Model (Matrix Evaluator). However, a study about the Range Safety that can be applied in the live firing exercises is very insufficient in the case of ROK military. The Range Safety program is an element of the US Army Safety Program, and is the program responsible for developing policies and guidance to ensure the safe operation of live-fire ranges. The methodology of Weapon Danger Zone (WDZ) program is based on a combination of weapon modeling/simulation data and actual impact data. Also, each WDZ incorporates a probability distribution function which provides the information necessary to perform a quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the relative risk of an identified profile. A study of method to establish for K-Range Safety data is to develop manuals (pamphlet) will be a standard to ensure the effective and safe fire training at the ROK military education and training and environmental conditions. For example, WDZs are generated with the WDZ tool as part of the RMTK (Range Managers Tool Kit) package. The WDZ tool is a Geographic Information System-based application that is available to operational planners and range safety manager of Army and Marine Corps in both desktop and web-based versions. K-Range Safety Program based on US data is reflected in the Korean terrain by operating environments and training doctrine etc, and the range safety data are made. Thus, verification process on modified variables data is required. K-Range Safety rather than being produced by a single program, is an package safety activities and measures through weapon danger zone tool, SRP (The Sustainable Range Program), manuals, doctrine, terrain, climate, military defence M&S, weapon system development/operational test evaluation and analysis to continuously improving range safety zone. Distribution of this K-range safety pamphlet is available to Army users in electronic media only and is intended for the standing army and army reserve. Also publication and distribution to authorized users for marine corps commands are indicated in the table of allowances for publications. Therefore, this study proposes an efficient K-Range Safety Manual producing to calculate the danger zones that can be applied to the ROK military's live fire training by introducing of US Army weapons danger zone program and Range Safety Manual

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.280-292
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• 2016

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 임플란트의 생존율과 주위 변연골 수준을 후향적으로 평가하여, 술자의 임상적 경험을 포함한 요인들이 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 2002년 1월부터 2009년 3월까지 강릉원주대학교치과병원 치주과에서 전공의가 2단계법으로 식립한 임플란트 중 5년 이상의 기록이 있는 146명의 420개 임플란트를 대상으로, 임플란트 탈락여부, 주위 골 소실량, 성별, 연령, 2형 당뇨, 흡연, 지대주 연결 형식, 표면 처리 방법, 직경, 식립 부위, 식립 당시 전공의 연차, 덮개 나사의 조기 노출, 보철학적 합병증, 동반된 골 이식 술식 등의 영향을 평가하였다. 결과: 최종 보철물 장착 후 5년간 누적생존율은 94.9% 이었다. 이원로지스틱회귀분석 결과, 흡연과 덮개 나사의 조기 노출이 실패율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 흡연, 임플란트 지대주 연결 형식, 및 표면 처리 방법이 임플란트 주위 변연골 수준 변화에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 술자의 임상경험을 반영하기 위한 식립 당시의 전공의 수련 연차는 임플란트의 실패와 유의한 연관성은 보이지 않았다(P = 0.171). 결론: 흡연, 덮개 나사의 조기 노출, 지대주 연결 형식 및 표면 처리 방법이 임플란트의 성공과 유의한 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2004

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections and determine the associated risk factors among young adults in Busan, Korea, which is known to have a high incidence of liver cancer. Methods : The study population consisted of volunteer participants in a health survey during 2002, which included 1,350 students (515 males and 835 females) aged between 16 and 24 years, from three different schools in Busan. The participating students were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire which included lifestyle habits and risk factors of hepatitis. Sera obtained from the participants were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and Anti-HCV by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method and for liver function tests. Results : Among the study subjects (N=1,350), the seropositivities of HBsAg 7.9%(95% CI=7.8-8.0), 7.6%(95% CI=7.6-7.7) in male and 8.1%(95% CI=8.0-8.2) in female. And the seropositivity of Anti-HBs was 69.7%(95% CI=69.0-70.4), 70.5%(95% CI=69.8-71.2) in male and 69.2%(95% CI=68.5-69.9) in female. The seropositivity of Anti-HCV was 0.4%, 0.2% in male and 0.5% in female. The seropositivity for HBsAg in the subjects not having a hepatitis B vaccination history was twice(95% CI=1.0-4.4) that of those that did. Also, the seropositivity for HBsAg in subjects having experienced sexual intercourse was 1.7 times (95% CI=0.9-3.0) that of the subjects who had not. Conclusions : The present study confirmed the high prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity and sexual transmission of HBV among adolescents and young adults may occur. Further studies to evaluate the relationship between HBV vaccination and sexual transmission are required for the young population in Korea.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2003

Benzimidazole계 살균제의 세포독성을 평가하기 위하여 CHL(chinese hamster lung) 세포를 이용한 Giemsa stain assay, Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, MTT assay, DNA synthesis inhibition test 및 Sulforhodamin B(SRB) assay를 수행하여 benzimidazole 계 살균제에 대한 약제별 세포독성을 평가하고 위해도 평가를 위한 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 시험결과 LDH 활성은 carbendazim 4.0, 16.0 및 $32.0{\mu}g/mL$을 24 시간 처리하였을 때 음성대조군에 비해 농도별로 세포독성이 각각 2.16, 2.94 및 2.64배 강하게 나타났다. DNA 합성시험에서는 carbendazim $2.0{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 약 45% DNA 합성을 저해하였으며, Giemsa assay와 MTT assay에서도 세포와 mitochondria에 독성을 일으키는 것으로 나타났다. Giemsa assay의 $IC_{50}$은 thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim 및 양성대조 약제인 captafol에서 각각 >125, 1.2, 30.0 및 $0.3{\mu}g/mL$ 이었고, MTT assay의 $IC_{50}$은 thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim 및 captafol에서 각각 >125, 18.7, 20.4 및 $2.6{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 그리고 세포 증식에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행된 SRB assay 의 $IP_{50}$(반수세포증 식억제농도)에서도 thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, benomyl 및 captafol이 각각 17.4, 5.3, 1.5, 및 $0.5{\mu}g/mL$으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 급성독성이 낮은 benzimidazole계 살균제가 유전독성 등 특수독성이 강하게 나타나는 원인일 것으로 판단되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2020

항공기 탑재 소프트웨어의 비중 및 복잡성 증가에 따라, 소프트웨어 고장으로 인한 임무수행이나 기능 실패 및 성능 미달 등의 위험요인 또한 증가하고 있다. 항공기 탑재 소프트웨어처럼 미션 크리티컬 도메인의 대규모 소프트웨어에서 최소한의 기간과 비용으로 유지보수를 진행하기 위해서는 요구사항 추적관리가 필수적이다. 하지만, 개발업체에서는 개발비용이나 개발일정 등의 여러 사유로 인해 요구사항 추적관리 지침을 정확히 준수하지 못하고 있으며, 체계적으로 추적성 수립 활동을 수행하기란 쉽지 않다. 논문에서는 체계적인 추적성 수립 활동의 부재에 따른 요구사항 추적성 실패사례가 실제로 존재하는지 항공분야 소프트웨어의 실제 시험사례를 요구사항 추적성 관점에서 분석하고, 추적성 실패사례의 유형과 사안 경중에 따른 위험을 확인한다. 총 7개의 항공기 탑재 소프트웨어를 대상으로 분석을 진행한 결과, 실패사례는 총 3가지 유형인 요구사항 누락, 요구사항-시험절차 연계부족, 시험절차 누락으로 나눌 수 있었다. 실패사례는 총 18건으로 각 유형별 6건씩 있었으며, 각 사안에 따른 Risk는 High, Middle, Low 순으로 각각 1건, 13건, 4건으로 중간 수준의 위험이 가장 많았다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.494-501
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• 1998

저자들은 1993년 5월부터 1995년 5월까지 인공심폐기를 사용한 개심술을 받은 211명을 대상으로 후향적 조사를 하였다. 우리는 술후 새로이 발생한 급성 신부전에 초점을 두었기에 술전 creatinine 수치가 1.5 mg/dL이하였던 환자를 다변수 통계를 이용하여 조사하였다. 술전 신기능이 정상이었던 환자는 198명(74%)이었는데 이중 27명(14%)이 술후 신장 합병증을 보였다. 20명(10%)은 신기능 이상상태(1.5$\leq$serum creatinine level < 2.5 mg/dL)였고, 7명(4%)은 급성 신부전(serum creatinine level$\geq$2.5mg/dL) 상태였다. 수술 사망률은 정상에서는 5.8%, 신기능 이상 환자에서는 5%, 급성 신부전 환자에서는 43%였다(p=0.036). 술후 급성 신부전은 심혈관 합병증, 호흡기 합병증과 함께 수술 사망의 독립적인 위험인자로 밝혀졌고, 다변수 분석에서 술후 급성 신부전 발생 위험인자는 고령, 응급수술, 저심박출증 등이었다. 술전 신부전을 보였던 13명에서 정상이었던 환자보다 술후 유병률과 사망률이 높았다. 결론적으로 술전 신기능 이상을 보이지 않았던 환자에서 술후 급성 신부전의 발생률은 낮았으나, 신부전과 동반된 사망률은 여전히 높았다. 그러므로 술전, 술중, 술후 신부전 발생에 영향을 주는 혈류역학 인자들의 세심한 관찰이 요구된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2017

Objective : Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke share common vascular risk factors such as aging and hypertension. Previous studies suggested that the rate of recurrent ICH and ischemic stroke might be similar after ICH. Presence of cerebral arterial stenosis is a potential risk factor for future ischemic stroke. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with cerebral arterial stenosis in Korean patients with spontaneous ICH. Methods : A total of 167 patients with spontaneous ICH were enrolled. Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and extracranial arterial stenosis (ECAS) were assessed by computed tomography angiography. Presence of ICAS was defined if patients had arterial stenosis in at least one intracranial artery. ECAS was assessed in the extracranial carotid artery. More than 50% luminal stenosis was defined as presence of stenosis. Prevalence and factors associated with presence of ICAS and cerebral arterial stenosis (presence of ICAS and/or ECAS) were investigated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results : Thirty-two (19.2%) patients had ICAS, 7.2% had ECAS, and 39 (23.4%) patients had any cerebral arterial stenosis. Frequency of ICAS and ECAS did not differ among ganglionic ICH, lobar ICH, and brainstem ICH. Age was higher in patients with ICAS ($67.6{\pm}11.8$ vs. $58.9{\pm}13.6years$ p=0.004) and cerebral arterial stenosis ($67.9{\pm}11.6$ vs. $59.3{\pm}13.5years$, p<0.001) compared to those without stenosis. Patients with ICAS were older, more frequently had diabetes, had a higher serum glucose level, and had a lower hemoglobin level than those without ICAS. Patients with cerebral arterial stenosis were older, had diabetes and lower hemoglobin level, which was consistent with findings in patients with ICAS. However, patients with cerebral arterial stenosis showed higher prevalence of hypertension and decreased kidney function compared to those without cerebral arterial stenosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that aging and presence of diabetes independently predicted the presence of ICAS, and aging, diabetes, and hypertension were independently associated with presence of cerebral arterial stenosis. Conclusion : 19.2% of patients with spontaneous ICH had ICAS, but the prevalence of ECAS was relatively lower (7.2%) compared with ICAS. Aging and diabetes were independent factors for the presence of ICAS, whereas aging, hypertension, and diabetes were factors for the cerebral arterial stenosis.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2021

Objectives: Inorganic dust is known to be a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regardless of smoking and pneumoconiosis. Adaptive and innate immunity, including lymphocyte infiltrate, are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lymphocyte subsets in the blood of workers exposed to inorganic dust and confirm the influencing factors. Methods: The general characteristics of the subjects (n=107) were analyzed through a personal questionnaire. Diagnosis of COPD was established according to pulmonary function tests with FEV₁/FVC post bronchodilator lower than 70%, according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. For lymphocyte analysis, blood was stained with a fluorescent CD marker and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The increase in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was associated with a decrease in age (𝛽=-0.273, p=0.008) and an increase in the cumulative smoking amount (𝛽=0.205, p=0.034). The increase in NK cells was associated with an increase in age (𝛽=0.325, p=0.001) and a decrease in cumulative smoking (𝛽=-0.220, p=0.019). The period of exposure to dust, %FVC predicted and %FEV₁/FVC, and the relative population of peripheral blood lymphocytes did not show a statistically significant relationship. Conclusions: CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and CD56⁺CD16⁺ NK cells in peripheral blood were more related to age and cumulative smoking than the duration of dust exposure. Age and smoking are major risk factors for the development of COPD, so it can be predicted that peripheral blood CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and CD56⁺CD16⁺ NK cells are related to the development of COPD in workers exposed to inorganic dust.