• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2022

Currently, the rapid growth of electric vehicles and the collection and disposal of waste batteries are becoming a social problem. The purpose of this paper is to propose a fast and efficient battery screening method through a safe inspection and storage method according to the collection and storage of waste batteries of electric vehicles. In addition, as the resistance inside the waste battery increases, an instantaneous voltage drop occurs, and there is a risk of overcharging and overdischarging compared to the initial state of the battery. Accordingly, there are great difficulties in operation, so the final goal of this study is to develop a device for diagnosing aging through real-time battery internal resistance measurement. Final result As a result of simulation of the internal resistance measurement test circuit through external impedance (AC), the actual simulation value was 0.05Ω, RS = Vrms / Irms => Vrms = 8.0036mV, Irms = 162.83Ma. Substitute the suggested method. The result was calculated as Rs = 0.0495Ω. It is possible to measure up to 64 impedances inside the aging diagnostic equipment that enables real-time monitoring of the developed battery cells, and the range can be changed according to the application method.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2020

In vascular smooth muscle, K⁺ channels, such as voltage-gated K⁺ channels (Kv), inward-rectifier K⁺ channels (Kir), and big-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels (BK_Ca), establish a hyperpolarized membrane potential and counterbalance the depolarizing vasoactive stimuli. Additionally, Kir mediates endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and the active hyperemia response in various vessels, including the coronary artery. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induces right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), thereby elevating the risk of ischemia and right heart failure. Here, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we compared Kv and Kir current densities (I_Kv and I_Kir) in the left (LCSMCs), right (RCSMCs), and septal branches of coronary smooth muscle cells (SCSMCs) from control and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats exhibiting RVH. In control rats, (1) I_Kv was larger in RCSMCs than that in SCSMCs and LCSMCs, (2) I_Kv inactivation occurred at more negative voltages in SCSMCs than those in RCSMCs and LCSMCs, (3) I_Kir was smaller in SCSMCs than that in RCSMCs and LCSMCs, and (4) I_BKCa did not differ between branches. Moreover, in PAH rats, I_Kir and I_Kv decreased in SCSMCs, but not in RCSMCs or LCSMCs, and I_BKCa did not change in any of the branches. These results demonstrated that SCSMC-specific decreases in I_Kv and I_Kir occur in an MCT-induced PAH model, thereby offering insights into the potential pathophysiological implications of coronary blood flow regulation in right heart disease. Furthermore, the relatively smaller I_Kir in SCSMCs suggested a less effective vasodilatory response in the septal region to the moderate increase in extracellular K⁺ concentration under increased activity of the myocardium.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2017

우리사회는 고도화, 첨단화, 정보화 산업들이 지속적으로 성장을 거듭하여 현재는 4차 산업 혁명의 시대에 살고 있다. 산업이 발달함에 따라 사용자의 부하도 다양하게 급증하였고 이는 에너지 부족 현상으로 심화되어 추가적인 에너지 시설의 건설이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 해안 지역을 중심으로 에너지 플랜트 건설공사가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 발전소 가스 석유화학 플랜트 등의 건설 시 국토가 부족한 우리나라의 실정을 고려하여 타 지역의 토양으로 해안을 매립하고 그 지반에 플랜트 시설을 건축하는 방식으로 시행되고 있다. 현재의 국내 접지 설계는 전기설비설계기술기준에 근거한 접지저항만을 용도에 맞게 결정하는 설계와 시공이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 이렇게 검증되지 않은 매립된 토양에 건립한 플랜트 시설에 뇌격전류 및 이상전류 유입 시 대지 전위상승으로 인한 설비 운용자나 사용자가 감전재해 위험에 심각하게 노출 되게 된다. 따라서 플랜트 시설의 부하 특성에 최적화된 접지시스템이 요구되고 있어, 본 논문에서는 매립된 토양의 대지고유저항을 분석하고 KS C IEC 61936-1 규격을 적용한 컴퓨터 프로그램(CDEGS)을 활용하여 감전재해를 일으키는 접촉전압과 보폭전압을 해석하여 플랜트 설비에 최적화된 접지설계를 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Objectives : Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and meta-analyses indicate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the a-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (BDs). We investigated the association between the genetic variants on CACNA1C and schizophrenia and/or BDs in the Korean population. Methods : A total of 582 patients with schizophrenia, 336 patients with BDs consisting of 179 bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and 157 bipolar II disorder (BD-II), and 502 healthy controls were recruited. Based on previous results from other populations, three SNPs (rs10848635, rs1006737, and rs4765905) were selected and genotype-wise association was evaluated using logistic regression analysis under additive, dominant and recessive genetic models. Results : rs10848635 showed a significant association with schizophrenia (p=0.010), the combined schizophrenia and BD group (p=0.018), and the combined schizophrenia and BD-I group (p=0.011). The best fit model was dominant model for all of these phenotypes. The association remained significant after correction for multiple testing in schizophrenia and the combined schizophrenia and BD-I group. Conclusion : We identified a possible role of CACNA1C in the common susceptibility of schizophrenia and BD-I. However no association trend was observed for BD-II. Further efforts are needed to identify a specific phenotype associated with this gene crossing the current diagnostic categories.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

The present study examined that in vivo/vitro test is investigated in normotensive sham-operated rats(NSR) and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats(ADHR) and that the antiliypertensive effect was induced by silver spike point(SSP) electrical stimulation at meridian points(CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52), specifically, such as aldosterone in 24 hour urine analysis from normal volunteer. The heart weight, the tickness of vascular wall, collagen fiber and the systolic blood pressure were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. The required time of PSS-induced resting tone and the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase(SAPK/JNK) were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. However, the Kv currents were significantly decreased in ADHR than that in NSR. The current of 1 Hz continue type of SSP electrical stimulation significantly decreased in excretion of urine aldosterone from normal volunteer. These results suggest that the development of aldosterone analogue-induced hypertension is associated with changed heart weight, content of collagen fiber, tickness of vascular wall, blood pressure, resting tone, voltage-dependent K+ current(Kv) and phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK, which directly affects blood pressure. Therefore the hypertension is a risk factor on cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, These results suggest that the SSP electrical stimulation, especially current of 1 Hz continue type, significantly regulates excretion of urine aldosterone from volunteer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2018

In patients with epilepsy, depression is a common comorbidity but difficult to be treated because many antidepressants cause pro-convulsive effects. Thus, it is important to identify the risk of seizures associated with antidepressants. To determine whether paroxetine, a very potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), interacts with ion channels that modulate neuronal excitability, we examined the effects of paroxetine on Kv3.1 potassium channels, which contribute to high-frequency firing of interneurons, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Kv3.1 channels were cloned from rat neurons and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Paroxetine reversibly reduced the amplitude of Kv3.1 current, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $9.43{\mu}M$ and a Hill coefficient of 1.43, and also accelerated the decay of Kv3.1 current. The paroxetine-induced inhibition of Kv3.1 channels was voltage-dependent even when the channels were fully open. The binding ($k_{+1}$) and unbinding ($k_{-1}$) rate constants for the paroxetine effect were $4.5{\mu}M^{-1}s^{-1}$ and $35.8s^{-1}$, respectively, yielding a calculated $K_D$ value of $7.9{\mu}M$. The analyses of Kv3.1 tail current indicated that paroxetine did not affect ion selectivity and slowed its deactivation time course, resulting in a tail crossover phenomenon. Paroxetine inhibited Kv3.1 channels in a use-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that paroxetine blocks the open state of Kv3.1 channels. Given the role of Kv3.1 in fast spiking of interneurons, our data imply that the blockade of Kv3.1 by paroxetine might elevate epileptic activity of neural networks by interfering with repetitive firing of inhibitory neurons.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2017

Coal tar-coated pipes buried in a domestic nuclear power plant have operated under the cathodic protection. This work conducted the simulation of the coating performance of these pipes using a FEM method. The pipes, being ductile cast iron have been suffered under considerably high cathodic protection condition beyond the appropriate condition. However, cathodic potential measured at the site revealed non-protected status. Converting from 3D CAD data of the power plant to appropriate type for a FEM simulation was conducted and cathodic potential under the applied voltage and current was calculated using primary and secondary current distribution and physical conditions. FEM simulation for coal tar-coated pipe without defects revealed over-protection condition if the pipes were well-coated. However, the simulation for coal tar-coated pipes with many defects predict that the coated pipes may be severely degraded. Therefore, for high risk pipes, direct examination and repair or renewal of pipes are strongly recommended.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2019

HVDC 시스템에서 풀-브리지 서브 모듈 구조는 하프브리지 서브 모듈에 비해 부품 수가 증가하지만 100 % 여유율 확보가 가능하여 고장률을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 그러나 풀-브리지 서브 모듈은 여유율 보장과 암(arm) 단락 방지를 위한 데드 타임(dead-time)을 확보하기 위해 복잡한 제어 알고리즘이 필요하다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 풀-브리지 서브 모듈과 동일한 부품 수와 100 % 여유율을 갖는 병렬 하프브리지 구성의 고장률을 분석한다. 기존의 부품 고장 분석에 고장나무분석 방법을 적용하여 서브 모듈의 동작 위험을 반영함으로써 서브 모듈의 수명주기를 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있다. 병렬 하프브리지 서브모듈의 타당성 검증을 위해 FTA 기반 분석 방법과 기존의 PCA 기반 방법으로 분석된 고장률을 비교한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The occurrence of unexpected disasters, including fire events, increases as the road network becomes complicated and traffic volume increases. When a fire event occurs on and under bridges, the damage extensively influences direct damage to structures, vehicles, and human life and secondary socioeconomic issues owing to traffic blockage. This study investigated potential fire-hazard risks on bridges of the Korean national route road. METHODS : The investigation was conducted using field investigation and analysis with satellite pictures and road views from commercial websites and the Bridge Management System (BMS). From the filed investigation, various potential fire resources were identified. The satellite pictures and road views were helpful in measuring and recognizing conditions underneath bridges, stowage areas, etc. RESULTS : There are various potential fire resources underneath bridges such as piled agricultural products, parked petroleum tanks, construction equipment, and attached high-voltage cables. A total of 94.6% of bridges have underneath clearances of less than 15 m. A bridge underneath volume that can stow a potential fire hazard resource was $7,332m^3$ on average, and most bridges have about $4,000m^3$ of space. Based on the BMS data, the amounts of PSC and steel girders were 29% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the amount of stowed potential fire hazard resources was proportional to the underneath space of bridges. Most bridges have less than 15 m of vertical clearance that can be considered as a critical value for a bridge fire. The fire risk investigation results should be helpful for developing bridge fire-protection tools.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2015

High-temperature superconducting coated conductors (HTS-CCs) are good candidates for resistive superconducting fault current limiter (RSFCL) applications. However, the high current density they can carry and their low thermal diffusivity expose them to the risk of thermal instability. In order to find the best compromise between stability and cost, it is important to study the heat transfer between HTS-CCs and the liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) bath. This paper presents an experimental method to monitor in real-time the temperature of a quenched HTS-CC during a current pulse. The current and the associated voltage are measured, giving a precise knowledge of the amount of energy dissipated in the tape. These values are compared with an adiabatic numerical thermal model which takes into account heat capacity temperature dependence of the stabilizer and substrate. The result is a precise estimation of the heat transfer to the liquid nitrogen bath at each time step. Measurements were taken on a bare tape and have been repeated using increasing $Kapton^{(R)}$ insulation layers. The different heat exchange regimes can be clearly identified. This experimental method enables us to characterize the recooling process after a quench. Finally, suggestions are done to reduce the temperature increase of the tape, at a rated current and given limitation time, using different thermal insulation thicknesses.