• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.198-207
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• 2013

This study was to examine the effects of risk characteristic and risk perception on risk severity of natural disaster. The findings showed that the risk severity of natural disaster were classified into geographical disaster, storm and flood damage, drought damage. Typhoon among storm and flood damage showed high scores on risk severity of natural disaster. Moreover participants showed high scores on unfamiliar, undiscoverable, and unknown by scientific knowledge among risk characteristic of natural disaster. Second, risk characteristic was significantly correlated to risk perception. Third, risk characteristic influenced positively on risk severity of natural disaster. Especially, risk characteristic had great effect on storm and flood damage among natural disaster. Fourth, risk perception influenced positively on risk severity of natural disaster. Especially, risk perception had great effect on storm and flood damage among natural disaster.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.127-147
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• 2004

This paper examines the time-series relations among expected return, risk, and book-to-market(B/M) at the portfolio level. The time-series analysis is a natural alternative to cross-sectional regressions. An alternative feature of the time-series regressions is that they focus on changes in expected returns, not on average returns. Using the time-series analysis, we can directly test whether the three-factor model explains time-varying expected returns better than the characteristic-based model. These results should help distinguish between the risk and mispricing stories. We find that B/M is strongly associated with changes in risk, as measured by the Fama and French(1993) three-factor model. After controlling for changes in risk, B/M contains little additional information about expected returns. The evidence suggests that the three-factor model explains time-varying expected returns better than the characteristic-based model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.957-964
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• 2013

This research is on the methodology of flood risk assessment using flooding characteristic values. Necessity of design magnitude for flood control considering floods was judged by plotting peak flow with respect to frequency and duration, and flooding magnitude was defined with 6 flooding characteristic values which were proposed to be significant factors when assessing flooding magnitude. Precipitation data used in the assessment modeling were applied by combining all the possible precipitation events. After overlapping the simulated results with precipitation matrix by flooding characteristic values, contour map was drawn, and Flooding characteristic contour graph for possible rainfall events were suggested in respect of all possible precipitation. Flooding characteristic contour graph for possible rainfall events was confirmed that reducing of damage magnitude of each flood characteristic value was figured out easily. The flood risk assessment methods suggested in this study would be a good reference for urban drainage system design, which only focuses on pipe conduit.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.475-480
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• 2013

The surplus process in a risk model is stochastically analyzed. We obtain the characteristic function of the level of the surplus at a finite time, by establishing and solving an integro-differential equation for the distribution function of the surplus. The characteristic function of the stationary distribution of the surplus is also obtained by assuming that an investment of the surplus is made to other business when the surplus reaches a sufficient level. As a consequence, we obtain the first and second moments of the surplus both at a finite time and in an infinite horizon (in the long-run).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing risk assessment of material misstatement in Vietnamese enterprises listed on stock market. Expert interview method was conducted to discover the scales for three variables including information system, trademark, and risk assessment of material misstatement. Survey method was used to examine the impacts of eight factors on risk assessment of material misstatement. Data is collected from 317 auditors who have excellent experience in auditing financial statements of companies listed on stock market. Then, data is processed by descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor extracted analysis, correlative regression analysis, and analysis variance of residual change. The research findings showed that business characteristic, stakeholder pressure, and economic environment have positive relationships with risk assessment of material misstatement. Three variables including operation control and monitor, control environment, and information system negatively affect to risk assessment. Specially, business characteristic and information system, which are elements in internal control, have strongest impact on risk assessment. One the other hand, assessment of internal control plays an important role not only in the audit plan stage but also throughout the stages of the audit implementation and ending. Therefore, appropriate solutions are proposed to carry out all audit stages.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.963-973
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• 2019

This study reviews a urban flooding risk criteria estimation model to predict risk criteria in areas where flood risk criteria are not precalculated by using watershed characteristic data and limit rainfall based on damage history. The risk criteria estimation model was designed using Support Vector Machine, one of the machine learning algorithms. The learning data consisted of regional limit rainfall and watershed characteristic. The learning data were applied to the SVM algorithm after normalization. We calculated the mean absolute error and standard deviation using Leave-One-Out and K-fold cross-validation algorithms and evaluated the performance of the model. In Leave-One-Out, models with small standard deviation were selected as the optimal model, and models with less folds were selected in the K-fold. The average accuracy of the selected models by rainfall duration is over 80%, suggesting that SVM can be used to estimate flooding risk criteria.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2004

Consumers require various quality characteristics including safety. The reduction of risk concerned on product safety becomes an urgent issue in leading companies. The strategy for customer satisfaction by choosing attractive quality characteristic is not enough for risk reduction in view of producer. This paper presents a method for choosing quality characteristics and risk characteristics by integrating QFD based on quality requirements and AHP based on safety requirements, also shows its application for complex equipment.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

Assume that the life times of the units under test follow the Rayleigh distribution and the test is terminated at a pre assigned time. Acceptance sampling plans are developed for this situation. The minimum sample size necessary to ensure the specified average life are obtained and the operating characteristic values of the sampling plans and producer's risk are given. An example is given to illustrate the methodology.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

Consumers require various quality characteristics including safety. The reduction of risk concerned on product safety becomes urgent issue in leading companies. The strategy for customer satisfaction by choosing attractive quality characteristic is not enough for risk reduction in view of producer. This paper presents a method for choosing quality characteristics and risk characteristics by integrating QFD based on quality requirements and AHP based on safety requirements, also shows its application for complex equipment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2011

One of the advantages of BOT PF(Project Finance) is the government can be protected from risks involved in projects as the private finances, builds, and operates relevant projects. Moreover, the private may avoid outstanding responsibility in case of default thanks to BOT PF's unique financial structure and characteristics. However, despite increasing attention on risk mitigation effect of financial structure and characteristic of BOT PF to default risk with emerging controversies of capital crunch, introduction of IFRS, and contingent liabilities, valuation of default risk mitigation effect caused by financial structure and characteristics of BOT PF still seems sophisticated due to uncertain cash flows, complexly layered contracts, and their interaction. So, this paper is to show the theoretical frame to assess the default risk mitigation effect of financial structure and characteristic of BOT PF with option pricing and related financial economic theories and to provide some meaningful implications. Finally, this research shows that the financial structure and characteristics of BOT PF help mitigate the default risk and default risk mitigation effect increases as change of relevant variables on financial feasibility gets the BOT project less financially feasible.