• 농촌계획
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

Riparian management has become important as stream water quality as well as riparian ecosystem gain more public attentions. The objective of this study was to determine riparian widths based on the functions of nutrient removal and wildlife habitat protection and to apply for the Jinwee stream area as a preliminary case. Nitrogen and phosphorus filtration efficiencies were considered in water quality aspect, while the habitat radii of amphibian and reptiles were used for wildlife conservation purpose. In addition, observation of endangered species and human impact on wildlife disturbance in riparian area were also taken into account in determining riparian widths. The stream confluence zone was emphasized by doubling the riparian widths as the focal point for wildlife habitat conservation. As the results, three different levels of riparian widths were proposed depending on the major riparian functions and applied to the Jinwee stream section as the case study. The proposed method can be used to determine riparian width in other stream areas based on different functional focus, ie, water quality or riparian conservation purposes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to establish the conservation and restoration areas for sustainable stream management by reflecting the ecological health, cultural characteristics, and the citizens' needs for stream uses. Therefore, we extended spatial ranges of stream evaluation to riparian areas in addition to stream sections. The evaluation indexes are stream naturalness, availability, biota assessment, and riparian characteristics such as land uses and legally protected areas. The grading system was unified with five classes. The spatial evaluation units for stream section are classified as right and left for laterally and 500m for longitudinally. For riparian areas, 30m and 100m of distance from the edge of stream are applied as spatial evaluation units. The six types of stream sections for management are conservation sections(priority/general) and restoration sections(priority/general) for ecological landscape and core and general sections for cultural landscape. The established system for evaluation and designating areas for stream management was applied to Jeonjucheon and Samcheon in Jeonju-si, and the conservation and restoration areas were designated reflecting the characteristics of urban and non-urban areas and left and right of stream sections. The results of this study will provide detailed guidelines for designating stream sections and practical management strategies for sustainable urban stream management.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1457-1464
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• 2011

In this study, the method of estimating hydrologic information (water depth, submerged period etc.) on the proper selection of construction point and scale as well as vegetation type suggested for the design of natural riparian rehabilitation structure. Long-term comprehensive watershed model SWAT-K(Korea) was applied to this purpose. Flow duration analysis was conducted to analyze the hydrologic characteristics of Pyungchang watershed at which the 'bangtul' construction method was tested. For this purpose 20 years (1989-2008) rainfall runoff analysis was carried out. Based on the simulated daily streamflow data, flow duration curve was made to analyze the flow characteristics, and the water depth hydrograph was made to analyze the water depth distribution at the cross section. Finally, the information for the selection of proper vegetation according to the submerged period is suggested.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2016

The Changwon and Nam streams that run through the Changwon city were evaluated based on longitudinal and horizontal configurations and vegetation state in order to prepare a restoration plan. Riparian vegetation of the Changwon and Nam streams are normally dominated by herbaceous plants. However, the woody plants, Salix pseudolasiogyne, Rubus parvifolius, Salix koreensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Amorpha fruticosa have appeared. Planting to introduce various types of plants for landscape architecture has also been observed. Evaluation of naturalness based on the vegetation state of both Changwon and Nam streams showed very low naturalness of degree 1 or 2, with the exception of a few reaches of the upstream sector. In these few reaches of the upstream sector, Salix koreensis and Salix chaenomeloides showed heights at the subtree level, however, they were located at the position of shrubland close to the waterway. These reaches were, therefore, evaluated as degree 3 rather than degree 4 in naturalness. The result of diagnostic evaluation classified by reach indicated the requirement for active restoration, such as transformation of the channelized stream into a meandering one and a step-type cross section into a pool-type one, introduction of vegetation suitable to the region and site, and creation of an ecological network between the stream and the surrounding terrestrial ecosystems.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

Culm cutting is very effective and convenient method for asexual propagation and even much less destructive than the other ways such as excavation of rhizomes. Despite that culm cutting is such a useful method, only few investigations for raising its efficiency have been carried out. We tried to examine the effect of different geographical populations and cutting sections on the shoot emergence, biomass production and its allocation in terms of cutting efficiency. Culms were sampled from three environmentally distinct wetlands : riparian marsh, salt marsh and montane fen and then they were cut separately into four sections from the bottom to the top part. Both factors of different population and section affected the shoot emergence together. Middle parts on the culm always showed more shoot emergence irrespective of different population. On the other hand, first section from salt marsh and fourth section from the montane fen did not exhibit any shoot emergence. Significant difference in increase of shoot emergence between different sections during investigation period was confirmed only from salt marsh population. Not only different population but also appropriate cutting section should be considered together for better efficiency in cutting of reed culms.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2023

기후변화로 인한 극한홍수의 피해를 저감하면서 동시에 자연친화적 수변구역의 홍수완충공간을 조성하기 위해 제방이 건설되기 이전의 홍수범람 범위와 하천구역을 참조하여 홍수터 복원을 수행할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 금강 대상구간에 대해 고지도를 활용하여 홍수터 복원가능 공간의 입지 선정 방법을 제안하고 홍수터를 홍수완충공간으로 활용할 경우 홍수위 저감 효과를 부정류 수치모의를 통해 분석하였다. 고지도를 활용하여 하천구역 변화를 분석한 결과, 1919년에 비해 2020년 하천구역 면적이 단계적으로 총 27.8% 감소 (1,059,380 m²)한 것으로 추정되었으며, 과거 홍수범람 구역이었던 제내지를 offline 저류지로 복원할 경우 2,200,868 m³의 유효 저류용량을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. HEC-RAS 부정류 모의를 통해 분석한 홍수위와 홍수량 조절 효과는 대상구간의 하류 단면에서 16 cm와 219.01 m³/s인 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문의 수치모의에는 홍수완충공간이 offline 저류지 형식으로 적용되었으며, 제방 후퇴/이설을 통한 홍수터의 확대가 적용될 경우 홍수위 저감 효과는 다르게 나타날 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2016

In order to improve water quality in the Paldang Lake, a riparian vegetation belt, treatment wetland, and artificial floating island were designed for introduction in the upland field, the estuary of tributaries, and the section of water facing mountainous land, respectively. We synthesized vegetation information collected from a reference river and found that herbaceous, shrubby, and tree vegetation zones tended to be dominated by Phragmites japonica, Phalaris arundinacea, etc.; Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, etc.; and S. koreensis, S. subfragilis, and Morus alba, respectively. In our plan, the herbaceous vegetation zone, which is established on floodplains with a high frequency of disturbance, will be left in its natural state. A shrubby vegetation zone will be created by imitating the species composition of the reference river in the ecotone between floodplain and embankment. A tree vegetation zone will be created by imitating species composition on the embankment slope. In the treatment wetland, we plan to create emerged and softwood plant zones by imitating the species composition of the Zizania latifolia community, the Typha orientalis community, the P. communis community, the S. integra community, and the S. koreensis community. The floating island will be created by restoring Z. latifolia and T. orientalis for water purification purposes.

• 생태와환경
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2015

River channel dredging and riparian development have been influenced morphology and quantity of natural river habitat. We compared distribution of riverside land and alluvial island in the Nakdong River with field survey and remote sensing analysis after the 4 Large River Project in South Korea. We digitized geomorphological elements, includes main channel, riverside land, and alluvial island by using georeferenced aerial photos taken in pre-dredging (2008) and post-dredging (2012) periods. Field survey was followed in 2012 for a ground truth of digitized boundaries and identification of newly constructed wetland types such as pond, channel, branch, and riverine type. We found that during the dredging period, riverside land and alluvial island were lost by 20.2% and 72.7%, respectively. Modification rate of riverside land was higher in the section of river kilometer 50~90, 140~180, and 210~270. Alluvial island had higher change rate in the section of river kilometer 50~70, 190~210, and 270~310. Average change rate for the riverside land and alluvial island was $-1.02{\pm}0.14km^2{\cdot}10km^{-1}$ and $-0.05{\pm}0.05km^2{\cdot}10km^{-1}$, respectively. Channel shaped wetlands (72.5%) constituted large portion of newly constructed wetlands.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2024

하천 공간의 지표 피복 현황 파악은 하천 관리 및 홍수 재해 예방에 필수적이다. 기존 조사 방법은 전문가에 의한 식생 판독을 통한 식생도 작도 방법이나 식생지수를 활용하는 방법이 활용되어 왔으나, 역동적으로 변화하는 하천 환경을 반영하기에 한계가 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 내성천을 대상으로 위성영상 자료를 활용한 랜덤 포레스트 기법을 활용하여 다수 연도의 하천 내 식생 분포를 파악하고, 적용성을 검토하였다. 원격탐사 자료 Sentinel-2 위성 영상을 사용하였으며, 지상 참값(ground truth)은 2016년 내성천 지표 피복 자료를 활용하였다. 랜덤 포레스트 머신러닝 알고리듬을 활용하여 미리 선정된 10개 샘플링 영역으로부터 분류군 별로 1,000개의 표본을 추출하여 훈련 및 검증하였으며, 민감도 분석, 연도별 지표 피복 분석, 정확도 분석을 통하여 적용성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 검증 자료 기반의 정확도는 85.1%로 나타났다. 트리 수, 샘플 수, 하천 구역에 대한 민감도 분석 결과, 각각 30개, 800개, 하류에서 효율성이 높았다. 지표 분류 유형은 6개 항목에서 높은 정확도를 보여 지표 피복 분류 결과가 실제 하천 환경을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 정확도 분석 결과, 전체 샘플 중 14.9%의 경계오류와 내부오류를 확인하였으며, 지표 피복 분류 중 산발 식생과 초본 식생을 제외한 항목들은 높은 정확도를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 단일 하천을 대상으로 적용하였지만, 보다 정확하고 많은 자료의 구축을 위해서는 다수의 하천에 대해 지표 피복 분류 기법의 적용이 요구된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

Background: In Korea, riparian zones and some floodplains have been converted into agricultural fields and urban areas. However, there are essential for maintaining biodiversity, as they are important ecological spaces. There are also very important spaces for humanity, as they perform various ecosystem services in a changing environment including climate change. Due to the importance of rivers, river restoration projects have been promoted for a long time, but their achievement has been insignificant. Development should be pursued by thoroughly evaluating the success of the restoration project. Ecological restoration is to accelerate succession, a process that a disturbed ecosystem recovers itself, with human assistance. Ecological restoration can be a test bed for testing ecological theories in the field. In this respect, ecological restoration should go beyond a 'simple landscaping exercise' and apply ecological models and theories in restoration practice. Results: The cross-section of the restored stream is far from natural rivers due to its steep slope and artificial material. The vegetation profiles of the restored streams did not reflect the flooding regime of the river. The species composition of the vegetation in the restored stream showed a significant difference from that of the reference stream, and was also different from that of an unrestored urban stream. Although species richness was high and the proportion of exotic species was low in the restored stream, the effect was offset by the high proportion of gardening and landscaping plants or obligate terrestrial plants. Conclusions: Based on both the morphological and ecological characteristics of the river, the restoration effect in the restored stream was evaluated to be very low. In order to solve the problems, a systematic adaptive management plan is urgently required. Furthermore, it is necessary to institutionalize the evaluation of restoration effects for the development of river restoration projects in the future.