• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1997

Experiments have been conducted to investigate emission characteristics of compressed natural gas fueled vehicle(CNGV) by the FTP 75 mode test. Its purification technologies were also investigated. It was found that CNGV was operated on the rich A/F condition by comparison with gasoline vehicle. The Pd catalyst was higher in methane purification performance than Pt and Pd/Pt/Rh catalysts. Up to 60% portion of the accumulative HC emissions(that contains above 80% methane) form CNGV occurs during the first phase of the FTP 75 mode. CO that is exhausted at rich conditions of the air-fuel ratio more than lean conditions should be used for the catalytic reduction of NOX, because the methane is not the effective reduction for NOX in the CNGV with 3-way catalyst system.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권31호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2001

An experimental investigation on the reduction of nitrogen oxide emission from swirling, turbulent diffusion flames was conducted using multi air staged combustor, The combustor utilizes swirler to dampen fuel/air mixing, allowing an extended residence time for fuel pyrolysis and fuel-N conversion chemistry in an locally fuel-rich environment prior to burnout. This process also allow to reduce thermal NOx formation to lessen the temperature of reaction zone. The aerodynamic process therefore emulates the conventional staged combustion process, but without the need for the physically separate fuel-rich and -lean stages. Parametric studies on the ratios of each staged air and droplet size were carried out the feasibility of fuel/air mixing for low NOx combustion with diesel and pyridine mixed diesel fuel oil.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.265-272
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• 2003

Some catalytic reactors for industrial/generation gas turbines were reviewed and investigated to understand the current status and future prospect for ultra low NOx catalytic gas turbine combustor. Catalytic reactor which was applied to 1${\sim}$10MW class gas turbine has achieved the ultra low emission corresponding to less than 3ppm NOx and 10ppm CO. But the durability and sizing flexibility of catalyst is needed to improve the catalyst performance for commercial gas turbine operation.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

Fuel processing systems which convert fuel into rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming) need high temperature environment ($600{\sim}1,000^{\circ}$). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1~5 kW fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas, mixture of natural gas & anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural gas & anode off gas as reformer fuel in the porous ceramic burner. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity. In particular, the blue surface flame is found to be very stable at a very lean equivalence ratio at heat capacity and different fuels. The exhausted NOx and CO measurement shows that the blue surface flame represents the lowest NOx and CO emissions since it remains very stable at a lean equivalence ratio.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권33호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2003

Fuel distribution, combustion, and flame propagation characteristics of heavy duty engine with the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) were studied in a single cylinder engine. Optically accessible single cylinder engine and laser diagnostics system were built for quantifying fuel concentration by acetone PLIF(planar laser induced fluorescence) measurements. In case of Otto cycle engine with large bore size, the engine knock and thermal stress of exhaust manifold are so critical that lean burn operation is needed to reduce the problems. It is generally known that fuel stratification is one of the key technologies to extend the lean misfire limit. The formation of rich mixture in the spark plug vicinity was achieved by open valve injection. With higher swirl strength(Rs=3.4) and open valve injection, the cloud of fuel followed the flow direction and the radial air/fuel mixing was limited by strong swirl flow. It was expected that axial stratification was maintained with open-valve injection if the radial component of the swirling motion was stronger than the axial components. The axial fuel stratification and concentration were sensitive to fuel injection timing in case of Rs=3.4 while those were relatively independent of the injection timing in case of Rs2.3. Thus, strong swirl flow could promote desirable axial fuel stratification and, in result, may make flame propagation stable in the early stage of combustion.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2001

The polysulfone(PSf)/polyethersulfone(PES) blend membranes were prepared by an immersion precipitation method. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) was used as a solvent and water as a nonsolvent. The composition of the coagulation bath and the dope polymer concentration as well as the blend ratio of two polymers were varied. The membrane morphologies were interpreted on the basis of the phase diagram of the PSf/PES/NMP/water system. As the solvent content in the coagulation bath increased in the single polymer system, the number of macrovoids decreased and the morphology was changed from finger-like to cellular structure. In the given bath condition phase separation occurs earlier for the solutions of PSf/PES blend than for those of single polymer. A horizontally layered structure and horizontal protuberances inside the macrovoid were observed for the membranes formed from PSf/PES blend solutions. This peculiar structure formation can be interpreted by a PSf-rich/PES-rich phase separation followed by a polymer-rich/polymer-lean phase separation during the exchange of solvent and nonsolvent.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2012년도 제38회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.65-69
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• 2012

산화제 과잉 예연소기의 연소시험을 통해 예연소기 각 부위에서 압력을 측정하였다. 측정결과는 FFT를 통해 주파수 해석이 이루어 졌으나 정압 센서의 한계로 인하여 250 Hz 이상의 주파수에는 자세한 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 정압 데이터 분석결과 30 Hz의 하모닉스가 연소압과 산소입구에서 관측되었다. 따라서 연소압의 변화는 O/F 변화로 인한 것으로 파악된다. 반면에 동압센서 신호를 살펴보면 정압센서에서 확연히 나타났던 주파수보다 훨씬 더 명확한 주파수가 보다 높은 Hz에서 관측되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

Numerical study was conducted to clarify effects of added $CO_2$ for the downstream interaction between $H_2$-air and CO-air premixed flames in counterflow configuration. The reaction mechanism adopted was Davis model which had been known to be well in agreement with reliable experimental data. The results showed that both lean and rich flammable limits were reduced. The most discernible difference between the two with and without having $CO_2$ addition into $H_2$-air and CO-air premixtures was two flammable islands for the former and one island for the latter at high strain flame conditions. Even a small amount of $H_2$, in which $H_2$-air premixed flame cannot be sustained by itself, participates in CO oxidation, thereby altering the CO-oxidation reaction path from the main reaction route $CO+O_2{\rightarrow}CO_2+O$ with a very long chemical time in CO-air flame to the (H, O, OH)-related reaction routes including $CO+OH{\rightarrow}CO_2+H$ with relatively short chemical times. This intrinsic nature alters flame stability maps appreciably. The results also showed that chemical effects of added $CO_2$ suppressed flame stabilization. Particularly this phenomenon was appreciable at flame conditions which lean and rich extinction boundary was merged. The detailed discussion of chemical effects of added $CO_2$ was addressed to the present downstream interaction.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 1998

In general, DI gasoline engine has the advantages of higher power output, higher thermal efficiency, higher EGR tolerance and lower emissions due to the operation characteristics of increased volumetric efficiency, compression ratio and ultra-lean combustion scheme. In order to apply the concept of stratified charge into direct injection gasoline engine, some kinds of methodologies have been adapted in various papers. In this study, a reflector was adapted around the injector nozzle to apply the concept of stratified charge combustion which leads the air-fuel mixture to be rich near spark plug. Therefore, the mixture near the spark plug is locally rich to ignite while the lean mixture is wholly introduced into the combustion chamber. The characteristics of combustion is analyzed with the variations of fuel injection pressure and load in a stratified -charge direct injection single cylinder gasoline engine. The obtained results are summarized as follows ; 1. The MBT spark timing approached to TDC with the increase of load on account of the increase of evaporation energy, but has little relation with fuel injection pressure. 2. The stratification effects are apparent with the increase of injection pressure. It is considered by the development of secondary diffusive combustion and the increase of heat release of same region, but proceed rapidly than diesel engine. Especially, in the case of high pressure injection (l70bar) and high load (3.0kgf m), the diffusive combustion parts are developed excessively and results in the decrease of peak pressure than in the case of middle load. 3. The index of engine stability, COVimep value, is drastically decreased with the increase of load. 4. To get better performance of DI gasoline engine development, staged optimizaion must be needed such as injection pressure, reflector, intake swirl, injection timing, chamber shape, ignition system and so on. In this study, the I50bar injection pressure is appeared as the optimum.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2021

아민 수용액을 이용한 CO₂ 포집 공정의 문제점은 재생에 따른 높은 에너지 요구량이다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 디에틸렌트리아민(diethylenetriamine, DETA) 수용액에 이소프로판올(isopropanol, IPA)을 도입한 상분리 흡수제 적용에 따른 CO₂ 포집 특성을 고찰하였다. 20 wt% DETA 수용액에서 IPA 조성이 20 wt%를 이상이 되면 CO₂를 흡수함에 따라 흡수제의 상이 CO₂-농축상과 CO₂-희박상으로 액-액 분리된다. 그 이유는 CO₂와 DETA가 반응하여 형성된 염의 IPA에 대한 낮은 용해도 때문이다. DETA 수용액에서 IPA 조성이 증가하면 CO₂-희박상의 부피에 대한 CO₂-농축 상의 부피비가 증가하게 되고 이에 따라 CO₂-희박상에서의 CO₂ 농축 정도가 높아지게 된다. 20 wt% DETA + IPA + 물 흡수제를 이용하여 흡수탑에서 CO₂를 흡수한 결과 20 wt% DETA 수용액 흡수제에 비해 CO₂ 흡수능 및 흡수속도가 모두 높은 것으로 확인되었다. DETA + IPA + 물로 구성된 상분리 흡수제를 CO₂ 포집에 적용할 경우 상분리 따른 CO₂ 농축과 CO₂-농축상의 부피 감소에 따른 재생에너지 저감을 기대할 수 있다.