• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4 s.111
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• pp.242-248
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• 2005

There was no useful milling standard to produce high quality milled rice efficiently and adequately in Rice Processing Complex. Therefore, the whiteness of milled rice produced Rice Processing Complexes were different according to Rice Processing Complexes and milling periods at the same Rice Processing Complex. This research was carried out to contribute the production and distribution of high quality milled rice through determination of whiteness condition of milled rice as a milling stndard based on degree of bran removal using New $May-Gr\ddot{u}wald$ reagent dyeing method and taste of cooked rice. The optimum whiteness value of milled rice for efficient milling in Rice Processing Complex was found to be from 40 to 41, while the degree of milling was from $8.9\%\;to\;9.2\%.$ At this whiteness condition, the first derivative of whiteness value according to degree of milling was higher than the average value from brown rice to well milled rice, and the broken kernel ratio was from $3.0\%\;to\;3.4\%.$ This whiteness condition ($40\~41$) could be considered as a milling condition in Rice Processing Complex.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.37-47
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• 1996

The main objectives of this studies are to present the most desirable rice processing complex model system in a given our situations by comparision and analyzing the major factors and, also recommend the future prospect of the rice processing complex in Korea. There are 3 different rice processing complex models in Korea. Those are concrete bin, flat type steel bin and square bin. These systems have a lot of differences and have their own characteristics such as capital requirement, efficiency, storage capacity and quality controls. The major problems of the existing rice processing centers in Korea are high fixed cost and the unbalnced systems. Following is summary to solve this problems: 1. Development of the large scale harvester and high speed continuous dryer. 2. Quality inspective system of bulk grain and large scale temporary storage facilities. 3. Large size readjustment of arable land. 4. Select the convenient location of rice processing center and formulation of well equipment facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.693-694
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• 2012

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 1993

This study was conducted to analyze the optimum capacity of Rice Processing Complex (RPC) and to select the optimum location of RPC based on the analysis of rice production and its commercializing rate for each county of major area of paddy field nationally. The study results showed that 500 of RPC having a drying capacity of 3,000 tons of rice would be needed nationally based on the selection analysis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.275-287
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• 1995

The rice processing complex(RPC) consisted of the rice handling, drying, storage, and milling processes. It has been established at 83 locations domestically by April 1994, and 200 of RPC will be built more throughout the country. Therefore, this study has been performed to achieve two objectives as the followings : 1) Development of mathematical models which can assess the requirement of electricity, fuel, and labor for four model systems of rice processing complex. 2) Development of a computer simulation model which produce the improved designs of RPC by the evaluation results of energy requirements of four RPC models. The results from this study are summarized as follows : 1) Mathematical models were developed on the basis of result of mass balance analysis and required power of machines for each process. 2) A computer simulation model was developed, which can produce the improved designs of RPC by the evaluation results of energy requirements. The computer simulation model language was BORLAND $C^{++}$. 3) The results of simulation showed that total energy requirements were ranged from 75.94㎾h/t to 124.30㎾h/t. 4) From the results of computer analysis of energy requirement classified by drying type, it was found that energy requirement of the drying type A{paddy rice (PR) for storage-natural air drying(15%), PR for milling-heated air drying(16%)} were less than that of the drying type B{1 step-natural air drying(PR for storage : 18%, PR for milling : 20%), 2 step-heated air drying(PR for storage : 15%, PR for milling : 16%)}. 5) The energy efficient drying method is that all the incoming rough rice to RPC should be dried by national air drying systems. If it is more than the capacity of national air drying system, the amount of surplus rough rice is recommended to be dried by the heated air drying method.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.16-21
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• 1987

This study was conducted to develop a logic of analysis and to analyze the optimum capacity of rice processing complex (RC) which would be used as a basic design data for RPC. For the above objectives, a case study was carried out for Nonsahn County, Chungnam Province. The optimum capacity was analyzed by the simulation of the PPSARR (computer program) according to the collectable amount of rough rice. The significance of that study was the development of a logic for the analysis of optimum capacity of RPC. The results show that the optimum capacities of RPC arc 2 ton/h for the collectable amount of rough rice of up to 3,000 ton, 4 ton/h for up to 9,000 ton, 5 ton/h for up to 12,000 ton, 8 ton/h for up to 15,000 ton, 10 ton/h for above 15,000 ton. The cons of the post-harvest systems including the RPC of optimum capacity are 65.50-93.78 thousand Won/ton and they are more economical than the custom of 106.5 thousand Won/Ton.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.51-70
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• 2003

In recent years, Korean rice must compete with the rice of advanced countries under Doha Development Agenda(DDA) and free Trade Agreement(FTA). Therefore we should find more active and positive solution in rice industry according to the inncreasing power of international pressure. Increasing rice production was the most important policy during the past food-deficient days, but recently, with overproduction of rice, various circulation system by the brand(price)-differentiation should be settled in a recent market of Korea. Nowadays, some advanced rice farmers and Rice Processing Complex(RPC) managers developed new brands of rice with high-quality, adding healthy materials and environment-friendly farming methods. Therefore, the future strategy of making a new brand rice should be planned including selection of rice variety, cultural and post-harvest techniques, circulation and processing methods to compete against foreign rice. And environment-friendly farming is also recommendable for food safety and differentiate from imported rice. For the purpose of successful brand-rice, the following points might be considered. Firstly, selection of good quality rice and continual development of good variety must be conducted for the differentiation of Korean rice from foreign rice. Secondly, a special contract between producer and consumer with functional-rice, organic filming-rice, specific-rice will be recommendable. Thirdly, improvement of post-harvest management and milling system are necessary for the production of differentiated-rice. Fortunately, standard of inspection, rules of description for brand-rice must be developed by a more scientific examination in order to settlement of trust for consumer. Finally, provincial or regional-representative brand rice must be settled and conducted for the development of agreement market system between producer and consumer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

The self-sufficiency of rice production was attained in 1975 through development of Tongil-type high-yielding rices and rapid dissemination to farmers and innovation of cultivation technologies, so-called "green revolution" in Korea. It can be continued during the last twenty seven years except some years with meterological disasters. The national average of milled rice yield per ha was only 3.1 ton at the first half of 1960′s, but it drastically increased to 5.0 ton at the 2nd half of 1990′s. Also, the rice quality was highly improved through the continuous varietal improvement of high-yielding japonica rice cultivars. The amounts of rice stock will go beyond about 1.9 million tons in 2002 due to the recent continuos bumper rice crop and relatively rapid reducing in rice consumption. There are so many rice brands over 1,200 in Korea, but most of rice commodities are not enough controlled in terms of marketing quality and palatability of cooked rice. Although the most rice brands are not properly controlled in quality management, its average level of grain quality is largely improved through the continuously increased diffusion of newly-developed high-quality rice cultivars since 1991. The rapid construction of rice processing complex(RPC) since 1992 also accelerates the production and distribution of brand rices. Especially, about half of distribution amounts are covered by brand rice commodities of the agricultural cooperative associations. The rice is mainly consumed by the type of cooked rice. The amounts of rice consumption for food processing is only below 4% of total rice consumption. The processed rice foods is mainly consumed as various processed cooked rices, rice cakes, and rice wines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.475-478
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• 2002

Post-harvest treatment for barley production requires many steps including drying, cleaning, and packing, and these steps be needed many labor input. Rice processing complex (RPC) is useful for post harvest management system in rice production. However, it is rare to be used for barley production. This study was conducted to explore the variations of quality and labor saving between conventional method and bulk-management system in post-harvest using RPC. The sorting rate was not different between manual method and bulk management. The hardness of non-polished grain was ranged 10,175-10,329 g/$3.14mm^2$, and that for non-polished grain was higher than that for polished grain, but there was not different between drying method. There was not be showed the hunter's value such as L, a and b according to drying method. Cooking characters such as water absorption ratio, swelling ratio, and water soluble extracts by circulated or continued dryer was higher than manual drying using solar heat. Labor input per ha for each cultivation process in bulk-management of barley using rice processing complex was 21 hours, compared to 46 hr/ha in the conventional method, labor input was greatly saved by up to 54.3% in the post-harvest bulk management system.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2014

Rice samples including paddy, husk, brown rice, blue-tinged rice, broken rice, discolored rice and polished rice were collected from rice processing complexes(RPC) nationwide to determine the contamination of fungi and mycotoxins on rice during 2010-2013. Among the samples, paddy rice had the highest frequencies of fungal and Fusarium occurrence, and the frequencies decreased along with milling as husk was the next. Blue-tinged rice or discolored rice was similar with brown rice for fungal occurrence, and polished rice showed the lowest frequency. Among Fusarium species, F. graminearum species complex occupied 87% in 2012 but did 35-39% in 2011 and 2013. Aspergillus and Penicillium species appeared at low frequency in most samples but occurred at higher frequency in certain RPC samples. Alternaria, Nigrospora, and Epicoccum species occurred similarly to the pattern of total fungi. The rice samples from 2010-2012 were analyzed for the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, and other trichothecenes. The most highly contaminated sample was discolored rice in terms of frequency, level, ratio of simultaneous contamination with multiple toxins, followed by blue-tinged rice.