• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 1985

최근에 발생빈도가 늘어가고 있는 것으로 알려진 올챙고랭이를 중심으로 하여 논에 빈발하는 10개 잡초종의 경합생태적 특성을 정리 분류할 목적(目的)으로 단식(單植)과 벼 입묘하(立苗下)에 공시하였다. 분류 및 해석은 공시잡초종의 공간경합성과 양분경합성, 이들 잡초종에 대한 벼의 공간경합성과 양분경합성 및 수량성 반응을 기초로 하는 Singk-link-cluster 법(法)에 의하였다. 1. 잡초종들의 생장특성은 단식(單植)과 입묘하(立苗下)에서 대체로 유사한 경향(r= $0.969^{**}$) 이었으며 공간점유성이 큰 초종(草種)(피 * 여뀌바는 등)이 영양수탈력도 큰편이었으나(r=$0.712^*$), 벼의 종간경합으로 인한 생육억제율은 오히려 커지는 경향이었다(r-0.513). 2. 잡초의 종내 및 종간경합성에 의한 분류결과는 피 여뀌바늘 너도방동산이 및 매자기가 한 무리, 올망개 올챙고랭이가 한 우리, 그러고 골풀과 가래가 다른 우리를 이루는 경향이었다. 3. 잡초에 대한 벼의 종간경합성과 수량반응을 기초로 분류한 결과는 바람하늘직이 올챙고랭이 올망개 매자기 및 골풀이 한 무리로, 그러고 여뀌 바늘과 가래 및 물달개비가 다른 우리로 나타났다. 4 잡초 및 벼의 종간경합에 따른 경합성을 종합적으로 분류한 결과, 생장특성은 크나 벼 경합력은 낮은 바람하늘직이 올챙고랭이 올방개 골풀이 제 I 군, 모두가 큰 너도방동산이 피 가래 여뀌바늘이 제 II군, 생장특성은 작아도 경합력은 큰 물달개비와 매자기가 제 III군으로 구분될 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2016

Spatial and temporal changes in nitrification activities and distribution of microbial population of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in paddy soils were investigated. Soil samples were collected in March and October 2015 from rice paddy with and without the presence of confined animal feeding operations. Incubation experiments and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that AOA's contribution to nitrification kinetics was much higher in locations where organic nitrogen in animal waste is expected to significantly contribute to overall nitrogen budget, and temporal variations in nitrification kinetics were much smaller for AOA than AOB. These differences were interpreted to indicate that different microbial responses of two microbial populations to the types and concentrations of nitrogen substrates were the main determining factors of nitrification processes in the paddy soils. The copy numbers of ammonium monooxygenase gene showed that AOA colonized the paddy soils in higher numbers than AOB with stable distribution while AOB showed variation especially in March. Although small in numbers, AOB population turned out to exert more influence on nitrification potential than AOA, which was attributed to higher fluctuation in AOB cell numbers and nitrification reaction rate per cells.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.4001-4008
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• 1975

The economic evaluation of the feasibility of expanding fully irrgated agriculture in the Ogseo project must consider preproject yields of rice under rainfed and partially irrigated paddy cultivation in order to assess incremental incomes from irrigation. Statistical data on yields available from official sources and field surveys conducted in the project area do not specify whether given unit yields refer to actually cropped or potentially cropped lands. This latter factor obviously affects any evaluation of marginal benefits to be derived from irrigation as the extent of rainfed areas actually cropped varies from year to year according to rain fall at the critical growth periods for low land rice. Although less dependent on direct rainfall, yields from partially irrigated lands are also highly affected by seasonal rainfalls. In this paper on attempt has been made to determine average yield under rainfed and partially irrigated conditions by relating yields to a available water. For rainfed paddy cultivation, the analysis discriminates between effects of rain deficiencies during transplanting and subsquent growth periods. For partially irrigated paddy cultivation, seasonal rainfalls have been considered, implying sufficient storage capacity for supplementary irrigation. The average yield of rainfed paddy has been calculated as 2.11 t/ha and that of partially irrigated paddy as 2.8 t/ha. Assuming even division between these two water supply patterns of areas not fully irrigated, a composite yield of 2.46 t/ha is oftained. This figure will be adopted as the basis for the on-going studies and project evaluation.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.20-25
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• 2005

In 1998, Food and Agriculture Organization addressed that FAO Modified Penman method possibly overestimates consumptive use of water comparing to the measured reference crop evapotranspiration (PET) and Penman-Monteith method can be better choice for accurate PET estimation. Nevertheless it is still difficult to find research efforts about paddy rice crop coefficient for Penman-Monteith method. This study aims to estimate paddy rice crop coefficients for Penman-Monteith method. To estimate the crop coefficients, measured evapotranspiration data during 1982-1986 were used. The average Penman-Monteith crop coefficients for transplanted paddy rice were ranged in $0.78\;{\sim}\;1.58$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2006

Cyanobacteria are present abundantly in rice fields and are important in helping to maintain rice fields fertility through nitrogen fixation. Many rice fields soil contain a high density of cyanobactera, and over 50% of cyanobacterial genera that are in existence in rice paddy fields are heterocystous filamentous forms. A total of 142 isolates of heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria were screened from 100 soil samples taken from rice paddy fields in 10 different locations across Korea, classified according to their morphological characteristics under light microscopy, and their susceptibly to fungicides examined. The collected blue-green alga were classified into a total of 14 genera, including seven genera of filamentous cyanobacteria and seven genera of nonfilamentous cyanobacteria. In particular, 142 heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria were isolated and classified into six genera, including Anabaena, Nostoc, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum, Nodularia, Scytomena, and Tolypotrix. Yet, over 90% of the heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria isolated from the rice paddy fields belonged to two genera: Anabaena and Nostoc. The response of 129 $N_2-fixing$ cyanobacterial isolates, 53 Anabaena and 76 Nostoc, to 10 fungicides was then investigated. The results showed that the Nostoc spp. were more tolerant of the ten tested fungicides than the Anabaena spp., and among the ten tested fungicides, benomyl showed the highest acute toxicity to Anabaena spp. and Nostoc spp. In conclusion, although benomyl is a very useful agent to control phytopathogenic fungi, the application of this fungicide to rice fields should be considered because of its toxicity to the heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2022

본 연구는 상시 담수 상태의 복합생태 논습지에서 유기농 벼-큰징거미새우 복합생산 조건 시 1) 논습지 토양 화학성 및 세균 군집 특성을 파악하여 토양 화학성과 세균 간의 상관관계를 분석하고, 2) 유기농 벼 단작 토양과 관행 벼 단작 토양의 세균 군집과 비교하여 유기농 복합생태 토양의 미생물 다양성을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 토양 화학성의 경우 유기농 복합생산 운영 기간이 길수록 유효인산과 유기물 함량이 증가한다. 모든 토양 시료에서 문(Phylum) 수준의 세균 분석 결과 9개의 주요 문이 분포되어 있으며, 모든 토양 시료에서 Proteobacteria가 우점하고 있다. 속(Genus) 수준 분셕 결과 37개의 주요 속이 분류되었으며, 벤다이어그램 분석 결과 모든 토양 시료에 존재하는 250개의 OTU가 분류되었고, 유기농 벼재배 토양에 특화된 561개의 OTU가 관찰되었다. 주좌표분석 결과 관행 벼 단작 토양의 세균 군집과 비교하여 유기농 벼 단작 토양과 유기농 복합생태 논습지 토양의 세균 군집 간 유사도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.643-648
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to analyze the environmental effects by the fertilizer change with wastewater reuse for agriculture. For this research, Lysimeter tests are being implemented to cultivate rice with different levels of fertilizer applications with wastewater irrigation., and to analyze the nutrient loading by wastwater reuse in paddy fields was examined the CREAMS-PADDY model. CREAMS-PADDY model is modified from CREAMS model for considering the hydrologic cycles in paddy field. As a result, in the lysimeter treated by irrigation with wastewater and chemical fertilizer with half of the conventional amount showed generally similar tendency to the control plot. This may require the modifications of standard cultural practices for rice in terms of fertilizer and pesticide applications. However, high concentration of sodium in wastewater might cause damage to physico-chemical properties of paddy soil. And the wastewater reuse effects on nutrient loads were quantitatively analyzed and this results provide the reasonable management for agricultural reuse.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 1983

논토양(土壤) 성분(成分)의 용탈(溶脱)에 미치는 유기물(有機物)의 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 퇴비(堆肥)와 볏짚을 시용(施用)하여 Pot 시험(施驗)으로 투수조건하(透水條件下)에서 수도(水稻)를 재배(栽培)하면서 용탈(溶脱) 성분(成分)을 분석검토(分析檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. pH는 볏짚시용구(施用区)보다 퇴비시용구(堆肥施用区)가 약간 높았다. 철과 망간의 용탈량(溶脱量)은 볏짚시용구(施用区)가 퇴비(堆肥) 시용구(施用区)보다 많고 수도재배(水稻栽培)에 의(依)해서도 증가(増加)되었다. 석회(石灰)과 고토(苦土)는 경시적(經時的)으로 용탈(溶脱)이 증가(増加)되었고 퇴비시용구(堆肥施用区)가 볏짚시용구(施用区)보다 용탈량(溶脱量)이 많았다. 가리(加里)와 암모니움은 경시적(經時的)으로 용탈량(溶脱量)이 감소(減少)하고 퇴비시용구(堆肥施用区)가 볏짚시용구(施用区)보다 용탈(溶脱)이 많이 되었다. 인산(燐酸)은 재배(栽倍)와 더불어 용탈량(溶脱量)이 증가(増加)되고 볏짚시용구(施用区)의 용탈량(溶脱量)이 많았다. 규산(珪酸)은 재배(栽倍)와 더불어 용탈(溶脱)이 감소(減少)되고 볏짚시용구(施用区)의 용탈량(溶脱量)이 더 많았다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2019

Satellite images can be integrated into a crop model to strengthen the advantages of each technique for crop monitoring and to compensate for weaknesses of each other, which can be systematically applied for monitoring inaccessible croplands. The objective of this study was to outline the productivity of paddy rice based on simulation of the yield of all paddy fields in North Korea, using a grid crop model combined with optical satellite imagery. The grid GRAMI-rice model was used to simulate paddy rice yields for inaccessible North Korea based on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function-adjusted vegetation indices (VIs) and the solar insolation. VIs and solar insolation for the model simulation were obtained from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and the Meteorological Imager (MI) sensors of the Communication Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). Reanalysis data of air temperature were achieved from the Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS). Study results showed that the yields of paddy rice were reproduced with a statistically significant range of accuracy. The regional characteristics of crops for all of the sites in North Korea were successfully defined into four clusters through a spatial analysis using the K-means clustering approach. The current study has demonstrated the potential effectiveness of characterization of crop productivity based on incorporation of a crop model with satellite images, which is a proven consistent technique for monitoring of crop productivity in inaccessible regions.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1987

수도재배환경중(水稻栽培環境中) carbofuran의 흡수(吸收), 이행(移行) 및 잔류양상(殘留樣相)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 소형수도재배구(小型水稻栽培區)를 이용(利用), carbofuran 입제(粒劑)를 2수준(水準)으로 살포(撒布)하고 시기별(時期別)로 수질(水質), 수도체(水稻體),토양(土壤) 및 수확물중(收穫物中) 잔류수준(殘留水準)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 수면살포(水面撒布)한 carbofuran 입제(粒劑)는 빠른 속도(速度)로 용출(溶出)되어 수질중(水質中) carbofuran 농도(濃度)는 처리(處理) 1일이내(日以內)에 최고치(最高値)에도 달하였다. 용출(溶出)된 carbofuran은 수도체(水稻體)로 흡수(吸收), 이행(移行)되어 처리(處理) 1∼3일(日) 후(後)에 최고치(最高値)에 도달하였으며 그 이후(以後) 완만한 감소(減少) 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 수질중(水質中) carbofuran의 반감기(半減期)는 4일(日)이었고 토양중(土壤中)에서의 반감기(半減期)는 처리수준(處理水準)에 따라 8∼12일(日)이었다. 수확물중(收穫物中) carbofuran 잔류량(殘留量)은 현미(玄米)의 경우 0.01∼0.02ppm이었으며 볏짚에서는 0.37∼0.07ppm의 범위(範圍)였다.