• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.241-263
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were empirically to test the reformative model for Korean sacrificial rite and to investigate the effects of demographic variables. the survey was conducted by means of questionnaire with 600 persons located in Seoul. Major findings were as follows ; 1, Sacrificial day ; was displayed (1) dead day (2) holiday in back and forth of dead day 2. Sacrificial time ; was showed (1) 8-9 h. p.m (2) 6-7 h. p.m 3. Sacrificial extent ; was displayed (1) grandparents and parents (2) only parents 4. Participative extent ; was showed (1) Cousin (2) only sons and daughters 5. Sacrificial procedure ; was displayed twice deep bow and 1 minute\`s silent prayer. 6. New year's and Chusok's rite ; was showed (1) simple foods (2) joint leisure time 7. Sacrificial table ; was displayed (1) boiled rice . water . gustoish articles. (2) omission of food table 8. rite\`s socialization ; was showed (1) delivery and marketing sale\`s food (2) special sacrificial restaurant. 9. Womens'and mens'difference ; women were active 7ut men were passive 10. Age's difference ; excepting 30-40, the all generations were more reformative. 11. Number of brothers ; small number of brothers were more reformative than a many number. 12. Sacrificial manager or not , managers were conservative than persons were not managers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.785-793
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• 2010

This study aimed to identify particular foods that would be most appropriate as representatives foods of Daejeon, as well as the key factors affecting the branding of image of those foods. To achieve these aims we carried out a survey amongst 1,600 citizens and visitors. The Daejeon representative foods were determined to be Gujeuk Dotorimuk (Gu-jeuk acorn jelly), Hanbat Seolleongtang, Dolsotbap (stone pot mixed rice), Sutgol naengmyeon (Sutgol Cold Noodles), Daecheongho Minmulmaeuntang (Daecheong lake freshwater spicy fish soup) and Samgyetang (casserole of spatchcock with ginseng). These six dishes were designated as representative foods in 2001. Findings from the survey indicated the lowest level of brand! dish awareness was 11.6% generally and the top two preferences for the representative foods were ranked as, Samgyetang (24.8%) and Dolsotbap (23.6%). According to an awareness survey age differences played a significant role. Adults displayed a much higher awareness than younger generations. The survey also found that Daejeon city was strongly associated with images of science and technology, particularly areas such as Expo and the Daedeok Valley. This study's results suggests that developing a menu and marketing strategy based upon associated regional images may increase awareness for local foods among young consumers.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

There are several certification systems in agricultural products in Korea. Some examples are organic certificate, GAP certificate, KPGI certificate, Top Fruits/ Rice certificate and so on. The certification systems have been launched to guarantee the quality and safety of agricultural products to consumer. Despite the definite objectives of each certification system, it is said that the certification systems have not been successful to convey the related information to consumers. One of the reasons is that there exist several certificates so make consumers confused. It is also quite true that maintaining and promoting an individual certification system are highly costly from a point of institute's view. This paper proposes a plausible solution to these problems by combining several certificates.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nursery soils and seeding density on seedling growth characteristics in automatic facility for raising of rice seedlings. The seedling characteristics were evaluated for the 10-day and 15-day old seedlings grown in six different nursery soils including farm-made soils. Two levels of seeding amount, 250 g and 300 g/tray ($60{\times}30{\times}2.5$ cm), were applied to compare the seedling characteristics according to seeding density on different nursery soils. There were wide difference in soil components among the nursery soils tested. In acidity of nursery soils, 'Bunoog 2' was the highest, pH 5.1, and 'Samkyung' was the lowest, pH 8.6. The content of available phosphate was the highest value, 843 ppm, in 'Bunong 1' and the lowest (74 ppm) in farm-made soils. The total nitrogen content of 'Bunong 1, 2, 3' and 'Weonjo' soils was higher than there of 'Samkyung' and farm-made soils. There was no difference in plant height among three types of 'Bunong' soils (Bunong 1, 2, 3), but the seedling height grown in farm-made soils was shorter than there in other nursery soils. The plant heigh was slightly taller as the increase of seeding amount from 250 g to 300 g/tray, and the difference in plant height was larger in 15-day old seedlings as compared with 10-day old seedlings. Dry weight of seedlings grown for 15 days in three 'Bunong' soils was heavier than those in other nursery soils. Based on the growing characteristics of seedlings grown in different nursery soils, the heat result was obtained from a nursery soil, 'Bunoog 2', among six marketing nursery soils tested.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1974

Digestibilities of flour of white wheat, barley, potato, sweet potato, are $5{\sim}11$ percent (3hrs.) in unripe starch state and in gelatinization, digestibilities are up to $20{\sim}30$ percent (3hrs.). And in two states, digestibilities of flour of potato and sweet potato are lower than barley and white wheat flour. If it is not gelatinization, digestibilities of biscuit and cracker are much lower than popped cake (29%). In gelatinization, digestibilities of biscuit and cracker $(19{\sim}29%,\;3hrs.)$ are similar to gelatinized flour of materials. Digestibilities of bread and castern is $21{\sim}32$ percent, it is similar to gelatinized flour of materials. And bread is higher than castera. Digestibility of on the marketing weaning food (II) (15%, 3hrs.) is much lower than food (I) (24.1%, 3hrs.) When the date of manufacturing passed $1{\sim}2$ months, digestibility of some cookies have a tendency to low. When mothers choice the infant weaning food, they consider metritional value (42%) and digestibility (27%). Also when they make weaning food at home, they generally use flour of rice (41%) and white wheat (23%). And they think, the rate of digestion is 49% in the rice flour and white wheat (23%). It was sort of cooked of rice (16%) and weaning food on the marketing(13%), which accepts to good digest. Also it was sort of biscuits (44%) which comparatively high choice snack food.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and nutritive value of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions within the Civilian Control Line in Paju and Sihwa region in Ansan were surveyed. In Paju, the yearly silage production was 900 MT harvested from 90 ha (10 MT/ha). About 30~50% of these were sold out at the marketing price of 52,000~55,000 Won per roll (130~137.5 Won/kg). Regrown Miscanthus sinensis of 70 cm in length contained 9.6% of crude protein (CP), 82.4 of relative feed value (RFV), and 67.7% of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Regrown Phragmites communis of 70 cm in length contained 13.8% of CP, 84.3 of RFV, and 67.9% of IVDMD. As harvesting was delayed, the quality was decreased dramatically. In Ansan region, Phragmites communis plantation covers 100 ha. The silage production was 550 MT from the area of 50 ha (11 MT/ha) in 2009. And the marketing price was 50,000 Won per roll. But in 2010 only a small amount of grasses could have been baled due to frequent and much rainfall from spring to summer season. However, the good forage quality was observed from regrown Phragmites communis of 80 cm in length, 12.9% CP, 99.8 RFV and 66.6% IVDMD, while that of late matured grasses was very low, 2.2% CP, 52.9 RFV and 36.4% IVDMD, greatly lower than forage quality of rice straw. The quality of grasses at bloom stage of 150 cm in length was similar to that of rice straw, showing 4.5% CP, 59.9 RFV and 42.2% IVDMD. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses in this survey were very poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis should be harvested during June or July to obtain better forage quality which is richer in forage values than rice straw. Production of high quality forage crops was also desirable for self sufficiency of forage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2002

This study was carried out to understand the problems, and find out the solution of post - Harvest related procedures for barley in Korea. Consecutive post - harvest procedures in harvesting, drying, milling, packaging and marketing methods were collaborately surveyed at Bujeok (Chungchongnamdo) and Kunsuh (Cholanamdo) agricultural cooperative federation where Chalssalbori (waxy barley) and Ssalbori (non waxy barley) were collectively cultivated in a group farming area, respectively. An early harvesting and relatively short harvesting period within 15 to 20 days to transplanting rice plants as a succeeding crop lead to produce undergrade barley and 2 to 3％ harvesting loss were considered as the problem that should be improved. In drying of barley, wide moisture content range of harvested barley among the different farmers and cultivation land was made difficult barley drying unifomly when they were dried in same dryer and drying temperature was slightely higher with 50 to 70$\^{C}$ than that of optimum temperature (under 50$\^{C}$) fer barley drying for producing the high quality barley. Dried barley packaged in ton-bag or 3P bag and put into the rectangular grain bin were stored in ambient temperature warehouse and milled for marketing through whole you. The physico-chemical properties and taste of stored barley were fairly maintained until May next year.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out suggestions for government policy and expansion of consumption of environmental-friendly agricultural products(EFAP). For this purpose, we did research on purchasing pattern of EFAP and understanding of government environmental-friendly agricultural policy. First, the purchase of EFAP has been increased, because EFAP is safer. Consumers prefer department store because it is easier than any other marketing. Difficulties which consumers are facing when they purchase EFAP are price and credibility and small number of stores. Most favorable item is vegetable and the price of rice which consumers are willing to pay is really high. Second, not many consumers do recognize the label and system of EFAP. Third, most famous authentication institution agricultural products quality management service and other institutions are not recognized. Consumers recognize the certificate of origin. The government policy for safe food consumption is to intensify government supervision on foods. Suggestions from these results are as follow: First, the urgent problem to expand consumption of EFAP is credibility of EFAP. To make consumers trust EFAP, these are considered as useful solutions, i.e. recall, quality management service, standardization, and better quality. Second, government should be continue public relation, education and supervision of EFAP. Third, quality management should be continued. Not only central government but also local quality management institutions should continue quality management service. Last, local government should help farmers of EFAP to solve the difficulties of marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of different sorts of Korean traditional liquor among male and female adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, their awareness of them and their preference in an effort to discuss what problems Korean traditional liquors were faced with and how they could gain popularity among people in general. First, It is investigated of drinking frequency by gender, 51.3 percent of the male adults drunk once or twice a week, and 33.2 percent of the female adults drunk once or twice a month. Thus, the men drunk more often than the women. By age, the adults who were in their 20s and 30s were far different from those who were in their 50s above in drinking frequency. Second, regarding what kind of liquor they enjoyed, the men enjoyed Soju the most, followed by beer and traditional liquors. The women enjoyed beer the most, followed by Soju and wine. The favorite liquor of the men was Soju, followed by beer and traditional liquor, and the women most liked for beer, followed by wine and Soju. The female adults preferred low-proof liquor more than the male adults. Third, concerning their awareness of traditional liquor, Andong-soju was most widely viewed as traditional liquor, which were followed by Munbaeju, Gyeongju-gyodongbeopju, Gyeongju-beopju, Gukhwaju, Ssal- makgeolri, and Geumsan-insamju. Overall, they were rarely aware what traditional liquor was. Fourth, as to purchase experience, the men and the older people had more experience to buy traditional drinks than the women and the younger ones. Fifth, as for anju (dishes for traditional drinks), they believed that panfried food and Kimchi should be served with coarse liquor. Panfried and streamed dishes were considered to be good complements to Takju (rice wine) and Cheongju (clear strained rice wine), and pot stew and soup were looked upon as good complements to distilled liquor. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that in order to step up the development of the traditional liquor industry, perpetual research efforts should be put into adding new tastes to unique traditional liquor drinks. And it's required to commercialize those drinks, and multiple P.R. and marketing strategies should be prepared to promote their sales.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of whole crop rice (WCR) based TMR on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. WCR "Yeongwoo"was harvested at yellow ripen stage and ensiled for 60 days. The crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content was 8.4 %, 28.0 %, 53.8 %, 72.4 % and 66.8 %, respectively. For silage quality, pH was 4.37 and lactic and butyric acid content were 2.84 and 0.04 % in DM. Sixteen Hanwoo steers (8-mon-old) were allocated into either a control (commercial TMR) and WCR-TMR (WCR-based TMR) group. The TMR were fed according to the feeding stage phase: growing (Initiate~14 month), early fattening (15 month~21 month) and late fattening (22 month~30 month). The body weight of control group increased (P<0.05) until early fattening stage, but late growing stage of WCR-TMR group was higher than that of control (P<0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) was significantly greater (P<0.05) in WCR-TMR group (total 0.78 kg/head) compared to control (total 0.66 kg/head) except for late fattening stage. The marketing weight and carcass weight were higher in WCR-TMR group (726 vs 765 kg; 417.8 vs 450.4 kg). The back fat thickness (11.75 vs 13.00 mm), Longissimus dorsi area (88.00 vs $89.88cm^2$) and yield index (65.87 vs 64.30) were not different between the two groups (P>0.05) and also no difference in meat yield grade (A : B : C = 2 : 4 : 2). Marbling score (4.00 vs 4.13), meat color (4.75 vs 4.75), fat color (3.13 vs 2.88), texture (1.25 vs 1.50) and maturity (2.00 vs 2.00) were not significant difference between the two groups and meat quality grade ($1^{{+}{+}}:1^+:1:2:3=0:2:4:2:0$) was also not different. In conclusion, TMR feeding based on WCR silage showed superiority in carcass yield and ADG compared to control TMR. It is considered that the use of WCR for feed is a necessary option for the substitution of the imported forages and the government's policy for rice production adjustment.