• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rice Hulls

Search Result 106, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Detecting Seed-Borne Fungi of Rice and Transmission of Helminthosporium oruzae in Germinating Seed (벼종자수반진균의 검정 및 종자발아에 따른 깨씨무늬병균의 전염경로)

  • LEE Chang Un;CHUNG Hoo Sup
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
    • /
    • v.18 no.3 s.40
    • /
    • pp.119-126
    • /
    • 1979
  • From the sample seeds of rice cultivar Palkoeng with the brown spot symptom, Helminthosporium oryzae was detected in $86\~92\%$ of hulls including empty glumes, lemma, palea, and rachilla in five to seven days of incubation. When the seeds were dehulled, the percentage detection decreased to $74\~83\%$ of pericarps. The fungus sporulated on whole surface of the seed and was detected within about ten cell layers deep of endosperm but not detected in embryo. Fusarium moniliforme was found in embryo as well as pericarp and endosperm. The frequency of F. roseum, Trichoconis padwickii, Curvularia spp., Atternaria tenuis, Cladosporium cladosporoides and Phoma sp. was less than three percent of hulls and pericarps. In seven days of incubation, $60\~87\%$ of the germinating seeds showed the symptom of H. oryzae while $13\~40\%$ were apparently healthy. This fungus in hilum of infected rice transmitted through pericarp to plumule shoot and radicle of the germinating seed.

  • PDF

Isolation and identification of a tricin 4"-O-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether producing microorganism from germinated rice (발아 벼로부터 tricin 4"-O-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether 생성균주의 분리 및 동정)

  • Yoon, Nara;Jang, Gwi Yeong;Lee, Yoon Jeong;Li, Meishan;Kim, Min Young;Kim, Hyun Young;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.48 no.4
    • /
    • pp.361-365
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to isolate and identify a microorganism that increases tricin-O-(threo-${\beta}$-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (TTGE) content in the hulls of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Bacteria from germinated rice were isolated by enrichment cultivation using yeast mold, luria bertani, potato dextrose and mannitol egg york polymyxin broths. The highest increase in TTGE content ($339.30{\mu}g/g$) was achieved by a microorganism isolated by PDA enrichment cultivation. On the basis of 16S RNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated bacterium was identified to have 100% similarity with Burkholderia vietnamiensis. The isolated bacteria were short rods, negative for the Gram stain, and positive for the catalase test. The highest TTGE level was $435.86{\mu}g/g$ in 72-h fermented samples, representing a 2.5x increase compared with the control ($175.65{\mu}g/g$). In conclusion, the bacterium isolated from germinated rice extract was Burkholderia vietnamiensis, and the optimum fermentation period to maximize TTGE levels was 72 h. These findings might help in developing functional materials using rice hulls, a waste product of rice milling.

Development of Temperature Control Technology of Root Zone using Multi-line Heating Methods in the Strawberry Hydroponics (다선식 가온방식을 이용한 딸기 수경재배의 배지 온도조절 기술 개발)

  • Kim, Ki-Dong;Ha, Yu-Shin;Lee, Ki-Myung;Park, Dae-Heum;Kwon, Soon-Hong;Choi, Won-Sik;Chung, Sung-Won
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
    • /
    • v.19 no.4
    • /
    • pp.189-194
    • /
    • 2010
  • A multi line electric tube consisted of XL pipes contained with 2~4 hot wires and water in it. The specification of one meter length multi-line electric tube was investigated and the proper number in the multi-line electric tube was determined. A multi line electric tube with three hot wires were found to be the most efficient for the media heating control system. Temperature rise of medium in the rice hulls media was faster than that in the perlite media, showed better insulation effect of rice hulls media. Temperature rise of medium with mulching on the top of the bed was faster than without mulching, resulted in the beneficial effect of temperature rise with mulching. The regression model for the rice hulls media with mulching air temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ were a = -0.1458 and b = -0.1088. Using the model, the temperature rise of medium during low temperature season can be predicted for the various media according to the different depths.

Uptake and Translocation of Heavy Metals to Rice Plant on Paddy Soils in "Top-Rice" Cultivation Areas (탑라이스 생산지역 논 토양 중 잔류중금속의 벼 흡수이행)

  • Park, Sang-Won;Yang, Ju-Seok;Ryu, Seung-Won;Kim, Dae-Yeon;Shin, Joung-Du;Kim, Won-Il;Choi, Ju-Hyeon;Kim, Sun-Lim;Saint, Andrew Flynn
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.131-138
    • /
    • 2009
  • Heavy metal residues in soil, rice straw, unhulled rice, rice hull, polished rice, and rice barn on the rice paddy in the "Top rice production complex which is non-contaminated area were evaluated. It was observed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Hg in the paddy soils were 1.235, 0.094, 4.412, 4.728 and 0.0279 mg/kg, respectively. There were no cultivation areas exceeded of the threshold for soil contamination designated by "The Soil Environment Conservation Law" in Korea. For the polished rice, there were no samples exceeded of a permissible level of heavy metal residues such as 0.051 mg/kg of As, 0.040 mg/kg of Cd, 0.345 mg/kg of Cu, 0.065 mg/kg of Pb and 0.0015 mg/kg of Hg. For the uptake and translocation of heavy metals to rice plant, a main part of heavy metal accumulation was rice straw, and then rice bran. Furthermore, it shown that accumulation of heavy metals in unhulled rice, rice hulls, brown rice, and polished rice was approximately similar as low. The slopes of translocation of heavy metals from soil to polished rice were following order as Cd, 0.4321 > Cu, 0.054 ${\fallingdotseq}$ Hg, 0.052 > As, 0.021 > Pb, 0.008. It was observed that potential ability of Cd uptake in rice plant and then its translocation into polished rice was very high. Concentrations of copper and mercury absorbed in the rice plant were moderate for translocating into the polished rice, while the arsenic and lead in the plant were scarcely translocated into the polished rice. The distribution of heavy metals absorbed and translocated into aboveground parts of rice plant was appeared that there were remained at 63.3-93.4% in rice straw, 6.6-36.9% in unhulled rice, 0.6-5.7% in rice hulls, 3.2-31.3% in brown rice, 0.8-4.6% in rice bran and 1.1-26.7% in polished rice. The accumulation ratio of Cd in the aboveground parts of rice plant was remained at 26.7-31.3% in brown and polished rice.

Improvement of Method for Supplying the Nutrient Solution at Expanded Rice Hull Substrates during Hydrophonic Culture of Tomato Plants (토마토 양액재배시 팽연화 왕겨 배지에 적합한 급액방법 개선)

  • 김경희;임상현;김성일;유근창
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.101-105
    • /
    • 2001
  • Plant roots are affected by the root zone environment rather than substrate material itself. It is important to provide a suitable environment for the roots by amending the substrate and adjusting supply of the nutrient solution. In an expanded rice hull substrates, 1.5 L nutrient solution was supplied on each day at different frequency. In rice hull substrate, plant growth and yield were the greatest in the treatment where a 1.5L nutrient solution was supplied as 24 equal aliquots, wheres in perlite substrate plant growth and yield were the greatest in the treatment with 16 aliquots. Nitrogen deficiency symptoms caused by early decomposition of rice hulls by microorganisms was recovered by increasing solution EC from 1.7 to EC 2.0 dS.m$^{-1}$ for 25 days after planting. Plant growth and yield increased in the treatment of Ec 3.0 dS.m$^{-1}$ , but the cause for this increase is not clear.

  • PDF

Studies on the Application of Byproduct Composts as Substitute for Yacto in Yang-jik Nursery of Ginseng (인삼 양직모밭 약토대체 부산물퇴비 시용 연구)

  • Kang, Seung-Weon;Yeon, Byeong-Yeol;Lee, Sung-Woo;Hyun, Dong-Yun;Bae, Yeoung-Seuk;Hyeon, Geun-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
    • /
    • v.17 no.6
    • /
    • pp.415-420
    • /
    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to select economical byproduct composts as the substitute for the traditional organic fertilizer, Yacto, in the cultivation of ginseng seedlings, and to investigate the application method of a selected compost. Among tested byproduct composts, popped rice hull compost was the best substitute for Yacto, while the application of domestic animal manure composts resulted in red skinned roots of ginseng seedlings. Optimal mixing ratio of the popped rice hull compost with virgin soil (fine sand) were 3~4 : 1 in bulk, showing the same root yield compared to that of conventional seedbed soil. When the popped rice hull compost was lower than $1\;{\pm}\;0.1%$ in nitrogen content, the expeller cake of oil seed was added to seedbed soil to rise nitrogen content until $1\;{\pm}\;0.1%$.

Assessment of Antioxidative Capacity in Relation to Seed Trails of Rice Varieties

  • Song, Hong-Keun;Ahn, Joung-Kuk;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Sun-Joo;Baek, Jin-Yeong;Chung, Ill-Min
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.51 no.6
    • /
    • pp.544-553
    • /
    • 2006
  • In order to assess antioxidant capacity in relation to seed traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.), ninety-six varieties were examined for antioxidative activity of brown rice grain using superoxide dismutase (SOD), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays. Overall, average total activities measured by the three methods were of very wide range between 64% and 13%. Significant differences were noted depending on the variety and evaluation method. Rice varieties with foreign origin, middle maturity, colored hulls, and colorless awn exhibited statistically significant higher total activity. As for the measurements, total activity was significantly correlated with SOD (r=0.29***), DPPH (r=0.80***) and TBA (r=0.76***). Between the three activities, SOD was not positively correlated with DPPH (r=0.15*), while TBA was significantly correlated with DPPH value (r=0.51***). DPPH (55.20%) and TBA (50.36%) were significantly higher in foreign rice, while SOD activity (44.29%) was significantly higher in domestic rice. However, an average total activity was significantly higher in foreign rice (47.31%) than in domestic rice (35.92%). SOD, DPPH and TBA activities of middle maturity in maturity time were the highest total activity (44.96%) and significantly differed from the other two groups. Total activity was significantly higher in rice with a colorless awn (42.18%) than with a colored awn (35.87%).

The Effect of Popped Rice Hulls Compost Application on Soil Chemical and Physical Properties in Fluvio-marine plain paddy soils (퇴화염토지 논에서 팽화왕겨 퇴비시용이 토양이화학성에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoo, Chul-Hyun;Yang, Chang-Hyu;Kim, Taek-Kyum;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Kim, Byung-Su;Kim, Jae-Duk;Jung, Kwang-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.39 no.6
    • /
    • pp.403-408
    • /
    • 2006
  • Fluvio-marine paddy soils in Korea consist of high silt content and have the hardpan located below 20~30 cm from surface soil. This properties cause poor rice rhizosphere conditions such as low permeability and porosity, high bulk density and hardness. The aims of this study was to investigate the effect of popped rice hulls compost(PRHC) on soil fertility changes in the Fluvio-marine plain paddy soils. Total nitrogen content and nitrogen mineralization rate of PRHC were 1.17 and 33.5, respectively, and its C/N ratio was 35.4. Application of PRHC increased the content of organic matter and exchangeable potassium and improved the bulk density and porosity. The content of $NH_4-N$ in soil was high in the PRHC plot until maximum tillering stage. An uptake amount of fertilized nitrogen was greater in standard fertilization plot at early growth stage, however, it was greater more in PRHC plots at the ripening period than in standard fertilization plot. Among the PRHC treated plots, uptake amount was the greatest in 50% PRHC plot during the all growth period. Nitrogen efficiencies were higher in PRHC plot during the all growth period. Rice yields in all PRHC plots were lower than in standard fertilization, however, the yield of 40% PRHC plot was similar with that of standard.

The Effect of Expanded Rice Hulls as a Root Substrate on the Suppression of Anthracnose Crown Rot in Strawberry

  • Park, Gab Soon;Nam, Myeong Hyeon;Choi, Jong Myung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.242-248
    • /
    • 2016
  • This research was conducted to determine the effects of four different substrates, expanded rice hulls (ERH), commercial substrates for strawberries (CSS), clay sand (CS), and loamy sand (LS), on the inhibition of anthracnose crown rot (ACR) in strawberry. Mother plants of 'Seolhyang' strawberry were transplanted into an elevated bed in March, 2013 and March, 2014 and the runners connecting mother plants and daughter plants were cut in early August of both years. After separation, growth characteristics of the daughter plants were measured and then each daughter plant was inoculated with conidial suspensions of Colletotrichum fructicola, one of several species of Colletotrichum that causes ACR in strawberries. The incidence of ACR as influenced by the different substrates was investigated in both years. The daughter plants grown on CSS had the highest values for shoot height, leaf area, and fresh weight. Those grown on ERH and LS substrates also displayed good above-ground growth characteristics except for fresh weight, but the daughter plants grown on CS had the poorest above-ground growth characteristics. The ERH and CS treatments resulted in the highest number of primary roots and the greatest root weight. The CSS-grown daughter plants had the highest ACR disease index, followed by the CS and LS treatments, but there were no significant differences among the three substrates. However, the ERH-grown daughter plants had a markedly lower ACR disease index on October 11, 2013 and October 7, 2014. The CSS-grown daughter plants had high nitrogen and potassium contents and low calcium content, whereas the ERH-grown daughter plants had low nitrogen levels and high silicon levels. The results of this study provide basic information on the ability of the different substrates tested to provide disease suppression of ACR in the propagation of strawberry transplants.