• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-64
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• 2004

The use of enantioselective hydrolysis for preparing chiral epichlorohydrins was investigated using recombinant Pichia pastoris with the enantioselective epoxide hydrolase of Rhodotorula glutinis. The rate of the recombinant epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic epichlorohydrins was enhanced by the addition of 5%(v/v) Tween 20. Enantiopure (R)-epichlorohydrins with an enantiopurity of 100% ee and a yield of 26% were obtained within 5min from 50mM racemates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 1991

The carotenoid biosynthesis of a red oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis was significantly changed when the yeast was grown on different carbon substrates. The highest carotenoid production was obtained on culture medium containing glucose when the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) was adjusted to 25.7. Galactose stimulated the biosynthetic rate of torularhodin, a xanthophyll component of the yeast. With decreasing C/N ratio of the medium, significant changes of $\gamma$-carotene and torularhodin were observed such that increase in the torularhodin concentration was nearly equal to the decrease in $\gamma$-carotene. It was speculated that the nature of carbon substrate affected the metabolic rate of the cell, and accompanied by the different pattern of carotenoid accumulation in the cell.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 1989

Rhodotorula glutinis K-24 was found to produce internal, cell wall bound, and external invertase. Internal invertase was purified by column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sp-sephadex C-50, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and isoelectric focusing. Cell wall bound invertase was partially purified by the following procedures; column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic activities of internal and cell wall bound invertase were pH 3.0 and 6$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Both enzymes were inhibited by HgC1$_2$, AgNO$_3$, MnSO$_4$, and sodium dodecylsulfate. The molecular weights of internal and cell wall bound invertases were estimated to be 310,000 and 61,000, respectively. Other physicochemical properties of the both enzymes were similar.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1987

During the enzymatic production of L-phenylalanine exploiting L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase(E.C 4.3.1.5) and trans-cinnamic acid, the conversion yield of L-phenylalanine and the stability of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase per so or induced Rhodotorula glutinis IFO 0559 were investigated. And the glycerol added to the conversion reaction as stabilizer had effect only on L-phenylalanine and made it possible to obtain the 80％ conversion yield from trans-cinnamic acid. In addition, the more rapid and reliable method than the thin layer chromatography for determining the conversion yield will be disscused.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 1984

A fungus producing cell wall lytic enzyme for Rhodotorula glutinis was isolated from local soil and identified partially as a species of Aspergillus fumigatus group. Thd cell wall lytic enzyme was an inducible exoenzyme and composed of at least lytic polysaccharidase and protease which act cooperatively in the lysis of intact cells. The lytic polysaccharidase was not able to hydrolyze ${\beta}-1,\;3\;and\;{\beta}-1$, 6-glucan which have the same types of bond as found in the cell wall of Ascomycetous yeasts. The lytic polysaccharidase alone was sufficient to hydrolyze the fractionated cell wall (alkali-insoluble residues) of R. glutinis, whereas it showed low activity against intact cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 1988

The optimal reaction conditions were investigated to produce L-phenylalanine from transcinnamic acid and ammonia by Rhodotorula glutinis IFO 0559. The highest amount of L-phenylalanine was produced when the reaction mixture containing 200mM of traps-cinnamic acid, 4M of $NH_4OH$, 250mM of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 0.005% of cetylpyridinium chloride (pH 10.5) and 50mg/ml of dry cell was used. Among the nonaqueous organic solvents, petroleum ether was the most effective on the production of L-phenylalanine. The optimal concentration of petroleum ether in the reaction mixture was 50%. Under the optimal conditions, 21.1g/l of L-phenylalanine was produced in 12hr, and the yield was 63.9% based on transcinnamic acid.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 1990

Rhodoto& ghtbth~ K-24 was found to produce external invertase in addition to internal and cell wall bound invertase. External invertase was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state and partitally characterized and was compared with internal and cell wall bound invertase of which procedures for purification and characterization were reported previously. The enzyme was purified by ethanol precipitation, column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and SP-Sephadex C-50, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The molecular weight and subunit molecular weight of external invertasGwere estimated to be 220,000 and 100,000, respectively. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was about pH 6.0. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 4.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme remained stable at the wide range, from pH 3.0 to 11.0 and stable up to $40^{\circ}C$, but was inactivated at temperatures above that. $HgC_12, AgN0_3, MnS0_4$, SDS and p-CMB inhibited the enzyme activity. The $K_m$ value of the enzyme for sucrose was $1.0\times 10^{-2}$M. From these results, the three isozymes from Rh. glutinis K-24 seem to have the similar enzymatic properties, but to differ in molecular and subunit weights.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1985

This study was attempted to observe the effect of crude ginseng saponin on the cell growth, lipid contents of Rhodotolula glutinis cells and fatty acid composition of the lipids from the yeast. The results obtained were as follows; The weight of dry yeast cells was increased by the addition of ginseng saponin and was noticeably increased in the treatment containing 10$^{-2}$ ％ ginseng saponin. With the increase of ginseng saponin concentration, lipids contents in Rhodotorula glutinis were increased but it's contents were decreased at the concentration of 10$^{-1}$ ％ ginseng saponin. The crude lipids of Rhodotorula glutinis were identified to be composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acid. Un-saturated fatty acid contents were greater than those of saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid contents were increased in the order of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acid, but palmitic acid was increased more than linoleic acid in the lipids of cells obtained at the higher than 10$^{-2}$ ％ ginseng saponin. As the ginseng saponin concentration was increased fatty acid contents were also increased, while they were considerably decreased in case of the addition of 10$^{-1}$ ％ ginseng saponin concentration.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2002

An efficient method of extraction for carotenoids in Rhodotorula glutinis KCTC 7989 was developed. Major carotenoids produced were identified as torularhodin of 61.7%, $\beta$-carotene of 28.8%, and torulene of 9.5%. HCI treatment, as a pretreatment on cell, was necessary to carry out together with thermal treatment unlike DMSO pretreatment. The choice of solvent had an important effect on the composition of carotenoids extracted: benzene and chloroform were effective for the extraction of torularhodin, especially. However, diethyl ether was most effective for the extraction of total carotenoids. Freeze dried type cells showed high efficiency value for the extraction of carotenoids, in compared with dried and wet type cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1993

In order to reduce BOD of wastewater from alcohol distillery manufactory, the production of single cell lipid was attempted. Among five yeast strains tested, Rhodotorula glutinis was most desirable for lipid production. Wastewater was treated with 2N NaOH and used as a medium. The optimum pH and temperature for lipid production were found to be 5.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The addition of monobasic phosphate was good for cultivation of Rhodotorula glutinis. The C/N ratio was an important factor for lipid production and composition. The best C/N ratio was 50 for the production of single cell lipid. By cultivation Rhodctorula glutinis for 4 days, 4g/L of single cell lipid was harvested and BOD of wastewater reduced by 88.7%.