• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2007

The physiochemical properties of Rhododendron mucronulatum pollens were examined after the use of various extraction conditions. The levels of phenolic compounds and electron donating abilities (DPPH) were better after 80% (v/v) ethanol extraction than after water extraction. The content of phenolic compounds and the DPPH were high when the solvent ratio was 20X. The content of phenolic compounds was highest at $45^{\circ}C$ (347.60 mg/100 g). The DPPH was highest, at 67.93%, when extraction was performed at $25^{\circ}C$. An extraction time of 6 hr yielded the highest content of phenolic compounds (312.63 mg/100 g). The DPPH did not vary with extraction time. Both the levels of phenolic compounds and DPPH values rose when extractions were performed twice. In summary, a solvent ratio of 20X, an extraction temperature of $25-45^{\circ}C$, double extraction and an extraction time of 6 hare optimal for extraction, with maximal DPPH and phenolic content, of Jindalrae pollens.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of the mountain ridges ranging of Shins un-Bong, this research set up 14 plots($400m^2$) as survey target areas. As a result of the analysis of woody plant cluster, it was classified as two groups-Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community and Carpinus tschonoskii community. Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata was found as a mostly dominant woody plant species in the ridge areas of Shinsun-Bong, while Carpinus tschonoskii were mixed up partly in high altitudes. High negative correlations were shown between Quercus variabilis-Sambucus sieboldiana and relatively high positive correlation were found to exist between Styrax japonicus-Quercus serrata, Sambucus sieboldiana-Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Styrax obassia-Cornus kousa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii-Carpinus laxiflora, Cornus kousa-Tilia amurensis. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $1.237{\sim}1.497$, and it was relatively high value compared to that of the vegetation structure of other national park.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3653-3656
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• 2012

Background: A number of effective prevention measures have been introduced in attempts to substantially reduce both the incidence and mortality due to many kinds of cancer. The search for new anti-cancer compounds in foods or in plant medicines is one realistic and promising approach to prevention. Chinese medicines provide a rich pool of novel and efficacious agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Previously it was demonstratrated that hyperin extracted from the Manchurian rhododendron leaf reduces the proliferation of many cancer cells. The present study was carried out to evaluate its effects on human endometrial cancer cell viability and apoptosis and to investigate its mechanisms of action in RL952 cells. Methods: Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Intracellular calcium ions were detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The effects of hyperin on apoptosis related proteins in RL952 cells were examined using Western blot analysis. Results: The growth of RL952 cells was inhibited by treatment with hyperin. OD values of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased and expression of bcl-2 was increased and bax was decreased in protein levels in RL952 cells after 24 h of hyperin treatment, Moreover, intracellular calcium accumulation occurred in hyperin-treated cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that hyperin may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human endometrial cells via a $Ca^{2+}$-related mitochondrion apoptotic pathway in RL952 cells.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 1991

To elucidate the actual vegetation of Nature Ecology Conservation area in Mt. Chiri, forest communities were classified phytosoclologically by species composition and phsiognomy. There included 13 forests ranging from temperate-cool zone to sub-cold zone in the surveyed area. Actual vegetation map was drawn on the basis of classified forest communities. The forest communities classified in the area were summarized as follows ; 1. Querus serrata community 2. Carpinus laxiflora community 3. Q. serrata-C. laxiflora community 4. Stewartia koreana community 5. Acer mono community 6. Carpinus cordata community 7. Fraxinus mandshurica community 8. Carpinus tschonoskii community 9. Pinus densiflora community 10. Querus mongolica Community 1) Rhododendron schlippenachii subcommunity 2) Lenedeza maximowiczii subcommunity 11. Abies nephrolepis community 12. Abies koreana community 1) Querus mongolica subcommunity 2) Pinus koraienis subcommunity 13. Rhododendron schlippenbachii community Among above forest communities, Querus serrata community distributed from 700m to 1,000m in the ridges, Carpinus laxiflora community in the valleys, Quercus mongolica community from 1,000m to 1,400m, and Abies koreana community and Abies nephrolepis community from 1,400m to 1,700m.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Climate is generally accepted as one of the major determinants of plants distribution. Plants are sensitive to bioclimates, and local variations of climate determine habitats of plants. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the distribution of narrow-range plants in South Korea using National Survey of Natural Environment data. We developed species distribution models for 6 plant species using climate, topographic and soil factors. All 6 plants were most sensitive to climatic factors but less other factors at national scale. Meliosma myriantha, Stewartia koreana and Eurya japonica, distributed at southern and coast region in Korea, were most sensitive to precipitation and temperature. Meliosma myriantha was mostly effected by annual precipitation and precipitation of driest quarter, Stewartia koreana was effected by annual precipitation and elevation, and Eurya japonica was affected by temperature seasonality and precipitation of driest quarter. On the other hand, Spiraea salicifolia, Rhododendron micranthum and Acer tegmentosum, distributed at central and northern inland in Korea, were most sensitive to temperature and elevation. Spiraea salicifolia was affected by mean temperature of coldest quarter and annual mean temperature, Rhododendron micranthum and Acer tegmentosum were affected by mean temperature of warmest quarter and elevation. We can apply this result to future plant habitat distribution under climate change.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1980

To increase production of Tricholoma matsutake, experiments were carried out in a mountain located in Keumma 2-ri, Joocheon-myun, Yongwol-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea during the period from April to November 1979. The area of the experiment showed pH 6.55 of soil acidity and the rock was found to be granite. Among its vegetation, the major growths were Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., Rhododendron schlippenhachii Max., Lespedeza bicolor and Pteridium aquilinum (Linne) Kuhn var. japonicum Nakai. Of two equally divided areas of A and B in which pine mushrooms grew, artificial methods such as thinning the upper portion of land raking and water-spraying were applied to area B only, where 21% increase of the production was obtained as compared with the control area A.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.321-334
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify plant growth promoting effects of native plant resources and medicinal plants. 65 kinds of plant extracts from 64 species were evaluated based on two rice(Oryza sativa) seedling bioassays for gibberellins and gibberellin-like substances. 12 extracts of Artemisia princeps stem and leaf, Cirsium japonicum var. maackii whole plant, Rhododendron mucronulatum branch and leaf, Phragmites communis stem, Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen whole plant, Lespedeza bicolor branch and leaf, Hydrangea serrata f. acuminata whole plant, Phlomis umbrosa whole plant, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Rhizome, G. uralensis stem and leaf, Angelica gigas root, and Cnidium officinale rhizome showed growth promotion of rice seedlings. Our results suggested that the parts of these plants could be the potential sources as farm-made liquid fertilizers for plant growth promotion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 1996

Seven antioxidative flavonoids were isolated from Jindalrae flowers (Rhododendron mnonulatum Turcz.), an edible plant in Korea. These compounds were identified as afzelin, ampelopsin, catechin, myricetin, myricitrin, quercetin and quercitrin on the basis of IR, UV, FAB-MS, $^1H\;NMR,\;and\;^{13}C\;NMR$ data. These compounds were consisted of two flavonols, three flavonol glycosides, a flavane, and a dihydroflavonol. The flavonol glycosides (14.4 g) present in th ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions comprised up to 82% of their total flavonoid amount (17.6 g) finally recovered by means of polyamide C-200 column chromatography, preparative TLC, recrystallization, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The antioxidant activities were measured in an ethanol solution of linoleic acid in the presence of ferric thiocyanate. The antioxidant efficiency increased in the order of afzrlin<$\alpha-tocopherol$

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2002

The alpine grassland vegetation at the west slope of Cheungseuk-bong on Mt. Paektu was investigated by Penound-Howard's cover-degree method. The floristic composition of the alpine grassland from 1,800m altitude to the top of mountain were 30 species, 2 subspecies, and 3 varieties, and most of the plants were short(height 2∼13㎝) perennial herbs and shrubs. The highest cover degree of the species in the alpine grassland zone were Ligularia jamesii, Veratrum patulum and Thalictrum aquilegifolium (1,800∼2,l00m), Vaccnium uliginosum and Rhododendron aureum (2,100∼2,l00m), and Rhododendron aureum (2,300∼2,600m). Life form of the plants were 7 species of Chamaephyte, 27 species of Hernicryptophyte, and 1 species of Geophyte. Among the presented plants, 19 species were at flowering stage. Trollius hondoemsis, Trollius japonicus, Liguiaria jamesii and Lloydia serotina were peak at flowering.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan Metropolitan City. The result of this study is summarized as follows; As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. The community planting species of tree layer were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata and Quercus alienna and Quercus variabilis. The community planting species of subtree layer were Platycarya strobilacea and Prunus sargentii and Styrax japonica and Eurya japonica and Morus bombycis. The community planting species of shrub layer are Ulmus pavifolia and Ulmus davidiana and Lindera obtusiloba and Elaeagnus macrophylla and Mallotus japonicus and Ligustrum obtusifolium and Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus trichocarpa and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Rosa wichuraiana and Rhus chinensis and Viburnum erosum and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron yedoense and Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And the planting species of edge vegetation are Japanese Angelica and Symplocos chinensis and Pittosporum tobira and Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lespedeza bicolor and Rubus coreanus and Rubus idaeus and Vitis thunbergii and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and Rosa multiflora. Considering the population of individuals up to layers in each $400m^2$ area, it was composed of 24 in tree layer, 35 in subtree layer, 410 in shrub layer and 34% herb layer in the Pinus thunbergii community. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area was $10,852cm^2$ in tree layer, in subtree layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees was calculated as 2.0m in tree layer, 1.9m in subtree layer.