• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1998

미치광이풀(Socopolia parviflora Nakai) 모상근 배양에서 모상근 생장과 tropane alkaloid 생산에 대한 sucrose농도와 일부 흡착제의 효과를 조사하였다. 모상근 클론 SP 11은 5% sucrose 농도를 함유한 1/2 B5 배지에서 최적인 생장과 tropane alkaloid 생산을 보였다. 모상근에서 tropane alkaloids 생성양상은 모식물에서와 약간의 차이를 보였고 그 중 식물체에서 검출되지 않는 littorine의 생성이 모상근에서 두드러졌다. 조사된 흡착제(0.01% 1%) 중에서, charcoal 0.01%와 XAD-II l%에서 약간의 생장촉진효과를 보인 것을 제외하고는 그 외 농도나 흡착제(amberlita chitosan)에서는 억제효과 또는 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 반면에 hydroxyapatite는 미치광이풀 모상근의 생장과 tropane alkaloid 생산에 있어 촉진효과가 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

Two Atractylodes species, A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. (AJ) and A. macrocephala Koidz (AM) were used in this study. AJ population had higher amounts of Sesquiterpenoids and stronger tolerance to root rot but less vigor of root growth than AM population. Two populations (AJ and AM) were crossed to make interspecific hybrid population. A total of 98 lines propagated clonally were selected from a cross of AJ and AM, and evaluated for contents of sesquiterpenoids, atractylon (ATLN) and atractylenolide III (AT3) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and growth characters such as plant height, stem number and root weight. HPLC profiles of the hybrids were compared with those of parent plants, and it demonstrated the production of introgression hybrid by crossing between AJ and AM. Of 98 clonal lines,10 lines were selected by 10% level based on the growth vigor and tolerance to root rot, and AJM2102-51 line showed the heaviest root weight (117.1 g/plant) among them. A total of 98 hybrid lines contained on average $0.16\;{\pm}\;0.10\;mg/g$ of $AT3,\;2.00\;{\pm}\;1.37\;mg/g$ of ATLN, and $2.16\;{\pm}\;1.40\;mg/g$ of total sesquiterpenoids, showing high coefficients of variation (above 65%). Ten lines having high contents of sesquiterpenoids were selected, and AJM2101-15 had the highest amount (9.83 mg/g) of ATLN, and showed 40.8 g/plant of root weight similar to mean value (39.9 g/plant) of hybrid lines. The result showed that the introgression of both characters of vigorous growth from AM and high sesquiterpenoids content from AJ could be possible to make new hybrid lines by crossing between AJ and AM.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.162-166
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• 1999

1998년 $6{\sim}9$월의 강수량이 1,042mm, 강수일수가 60일이나 되어 배수조건이 나쁜 포장의 밭작물에 습해가 심하게 발생되었던 안동지역에서 습해정도에 따른 식방풍과 지황의 생육특성 및 수량을 농가포장에서 조사하였다. 식방풍은 습해가 심할수륵 지상부보다 지하부의 생육장해가 더 심하였으며, 주근의 신장생장이 비대생장보다 현저하게 억제되었다. 습해 정도별로 ha당 생근수량은 정상생육에 비하여 $21{\sim}80%$ 감소되었다. 지황은 습해 정도별로 고사주율이 52%였으며, 습해에 의하여 근경의 형성 및 발육이 장해를 받아 습해가 심할수록 주당 근경수와 근경의 직경이 크게 감소되었다. 따라서 습해가 심할수록 상품성이 높은 근경의 수량이 현저하게 감소되었으며, 습해 정도별로 ha당 근경의 생체수량은 정상생육에 비하여 $19{\sim}83%$감소되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.317-331
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• 1990

Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen combounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids, Water soluble teins, insoluble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. glycol)roteins. amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives. free nucleosides and nllrleir arid bases. 4-me- thymi-5-thiazoleethanol and pyroglutamic acid. The contents of total nitrogen and protein in root increased until 13 years old rvhich was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased With the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the rlosc relation with root growth. Arginine which covered 58% of total free amino aroids may serve as a storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome, threonine in stem and again threoning and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyaminc content. Polyamine stimulated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although dencichine content is relatively high (0.5% d.w.). biochemical and pharmatological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological roll iota plant itself. Radiation and U.V. protective function (heat stable protein), insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and lipolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopeptide). hemostatir and nellrotoxic activity (denrichine) and. sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-5-thiazoleethilnol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality critsria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical stlldies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably dole to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma (CCE-extract of C. chinensis Rhizome) in induction of immune protein on mouse macrophages. Methods : To analyze cytokines interleukin(IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-17, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein(MCP)-1 induced by macrophages, mouse macrophages were incubated with CCE and was measured. Results : IL-$1{\alpha}$ measurement, CCE showed significant inhibition only at concentration level of 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. IL-3, MCP-1 measurement, CCE showed significant inhibition only at concentration level of 100, 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. IL-9 measurement, CCE showed significant inhibition only at concentration level of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. IL-13 measurement, CCE showed significant inhibition only at concentration level of 50, 100, 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The IL-12p40, IL-17 levels indicated no changes at 25, 50, 100, 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ on mouse macrophages. Conclusions : CCE did not significantly increased inflammatory cytokines IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-17, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein(MCP)-1 on mouse macrophages. It was verified CCE does not trigger cytokine related hypersensitivity reaction of organism or exacerbation of acute/chronic inflammatory disease.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Pinelliae rhizoma on blood serum lipids and skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism of obese Zucker rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal Zucker rats (lean control; non-treated), obese Zucker rats (fat control; non-treated) and Pinelliae rhizoma oral feeding obese Zucker rats (fat control; treated) for 6 separate experiments. Pinelliae rhizoma was investigated for effects on total body weight, serum glucose content, total cholesterol and triglyceride content, free fatty acid content, PPARalpha, CS and beta-HAD. Results : 1. Triglycerides in blood serum showed a greater decrease in the Pinellia rhizoma oral feeding group than the overweight control group. 2. PPARa showed a significant increase in the Pinelliae rhizoma oral feeding group over the overweight control group in skeletal muscles of SOL and EDL: as for protein FABPc, the Pinelliae rhizomaoral feeding group saw a greater significant increase than the overweight control group in the skeletal muscles of SOL. 3. CS activity showed a greater increase for the Pinelliae rhizoma oral feeding group than the overweight control group in EDL Conclusions : As the experiment's results show, Pinelliae rhizoma effectively decreased the weight and triglycerides of the obese mouse, and somewhat affects the fat oxidation in the skeletal muscles.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.636-644
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• 2016

영화 <그녀>의 여주인공은 사만다라고 불리는 목소리만 가진 컴퓨터 운영체제이다. 편지 대필가인 남자주인공 테오도르는 아내 캐서린과 별거하고 있는 상태에서 사만다와 접속한다. 두사람은 오랜 연애기간을 가진 후 결혼했지만 거리를 두고 성장하는데 실패했다. 고정된 패턴도 없고 능력의 한계도 없는 이 학습형 운영체제는 테오도르에게는 가장 이상적 여성상이 된다. 테오도르와 처음으로 접속한 후 사만다는 리좀적 확장을 하여 인간과 섹스도 할 수 있고 의식의 변화에 대한 적절한 해답을 찾기 위해 철학적 토론도 벌인다. 사만다와 이성적 관계를 유지하는 동안 테오도르도 의식의 확장을 경험한다. 사랑이란 고정된 틀 속에서 갇혀있는 것이 아니라 더 큰 사랑을 담기 위해서는 상자의 크기를 늘려야 한다는 것을 그도 이해한다. 그래서 마지막에는 캐서린에게 진심으로 사랑한다는 편지를 보낸다. 인공지능과 인간의 관계가 우리 자신의 내면을 좀 더 깊게 성찰하는 계기를 마련해 주었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out in order to study the changes of morphological characters of the growth and thatch accumulation in :3 varieties of Kentucky bluegrass under removing clipping residues as affected by cutting management. The varieties used were Park, Kenhiuc and Newport.The results obtained are as follows; 1. The dry weight of leaf. stem and number of tiller was highest at 22. June and lowest at 21. Aug in alt varieties. And then the dry weight of rhizome, root and thatch increased with growth progressed) Tabte 3). 2. The relationship of the dry weight of biological yield and number of tillers was quadratic ally increased in the growth stage of spring($R^2$= 0.982**), and linearlly increased in the growth stage of autumn(r 0.944*)(Fig. 1). :3. The dry weight of thatch increased as an exponentially equation in alt :3 varieties of Kentucky blue-grass(Fig. 2). Thatch increased rate(TIR) can used to estimate the specifying a quantity of thatch accumulation from the turf. Thatch increase rate equation as follows. where TH$_2$ is the dry weightof thatch at T$_2$ survey time and TH$_1$ is the dry weight of thatch at $TH_1$ is the dry weight of thatch at $T_1$ survey time. $TIR(mg/cm^2/day)=\frac{Ln\;TH_2 - Ln\; TH_1}{T_2 - T_1}$ 4. Correlation coefficients between the dry weight of thatch and leaf weight was -0.633(P>0.05), and number of tiller of tillers was -0.666(P>0.5), respectively. It means that thatch accumu-lation increased with growth depression of leaf and stem.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

Whitening effect, which decreases the skin pigmentation, is the one of important targets in cosmetics. This study was investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma on ant ioxidation and melanogenesis. S.rhizoma is a rhizome of Scirpus fluviatilis G. a perennial Cyperaceae species of wide occurrence in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. S.rhizoma shown scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the IC50 of 638${\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 21.7${\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S.rhizoma treatment (48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at 100${\mu}g/ml$ in B16 melanoma cells. S.rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expres- sion in protein level. These results suggest that S.rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore S.rhizoma may be useful as new whitening agent due to the antioxidant effect and the inhibitory effect against melanogenesis.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2009

To survey the status of quality control of major ingredients of 'Ssanghwatang (Oriental medicine used for fatigue)', we analyzed 1,024 samples (9 kinds) of medical herbs to determine amounts of ashes, acid-insoluble ashes, loss on drying that are major elements to ensure basic quality of herbal drugstuffs. After ash analysis, Paeoniae Radix (from China) failed to meet the herbal standard criterion. After yielding Z-score(indicating the probability of exceeding its criterion) Zizyphi Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata became objects of intense quality control (=IQC). Analysis on loss on drying shows Cinnamomi Cortex was unsuitable and was put under the IQC. In case of respective heavy metals, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex exceeded the maximum permissible range for Cd. The 3 kinds of sub-standards were put to the IQC. Statistic figures showed a significant correlation (t-test, p<0.01) between country-of-origin and sub-quality rates. Compared to domestic one, imported medicinal herbs were less suitable in regard of acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying and Pb/Hg content. Meanwhile, amounts of Acid-insoluble ash showed positive relation with amounts of Pb (r=0.202) and As (r=0.243) among heavy metals leading to an inference that herbs of which root/rhizome is used for medical purposes attribute its high heavy metal content to the fine earth/sand being stuck to its root stalk.