• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.32-47
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical studies on the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on growing pains in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for growing pains in South Korea. Methods The clinical studies from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) that were published up to January 2019 were reviewed. The key word used were '生長痛', '發育期痛', '治療', '中?治療', '中藥'. Then, the literature were analyzed in regards to the treatment methods and results. Results Among the 35 searched studies, 1 randomized controlled trials, 16 case series, and 3 case reports were selected and analyzed. In most of the studies, the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on growing pains was significantly positive. The most commonly used herbs for oral administration were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (甘草), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (牛膝), Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥), Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸), Astragali Radix (黃?), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (白朮), Poria Sclerotium (茯?) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (熟地黃), Lycopodii Herba (伸筋草). Other treatment methods such as, external application of herb medicine, massage, acupuncture were also used to treat growing pains. Conclusion Based on the results of the clinical studies from China, the use of chinese medicine for treatment of growing pains has been shown to be effective. Additional clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.677-682
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• 2000

Idopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is the most common autoimmune hematologic disorder. The use of glucocorticoids and splenectomy have been the mainstays of treatment of ITP Some studies have shown that chinese herbal medicine treatment increase platelet count level of ITP patients. However, there is a lack of research considering oriental herbal medicine with ITP, in korea. A 33-year-old female who had diagnosed ITP on Mar 1999, was treated herbal medicine for decreased platelet count level$(34000/{\mu}l)$ that was identified on regular follow-up. this patient's platelet count level was get to normal$(139000/{\mu}l)$ by BuQiSheXue(補氣攝血) pattern herbal medicine that composed with Radix Astragali(黃?), Herba Agrimoniae(仙鶴草), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae(白朮), Radix codonopsis(黨參), etc. I report the case with a review of literature.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.371-373
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• 1990

The hypoglycemic activity of water extracts of fifty six medicinal plants were evaluated in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Twelve medical plants have significantly antidiabetic activity ; Mori RADICIS cORTEX, Kwang Fang Chi Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Eugeniae Flos, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Opiopogonis Tuber, Rosae Multiflorae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Bigno, Forsythiae Fructus Sophorae Radix.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.374-406
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• 1996

This study has been carried out to investigate the types of differential diagnosis of amnesia. The results are as follows; 1. Amnesia has various types of differential diagnosis(辨證分型) ; deficiency of both the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛型), deficiency of the heart(心虛型), deficiency of the kidney(腎虛型), breakdown of the coordination between the heart and the kidney(心腎不交型), mental confusion due to phlegm(痰迷心竅型), accumulation of stagnant blood(蓄血型), internal injury by seven emotion (七情所傷型). 2. The type of deficiency of both the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛型) occurs when the heart and spleen is injured by overthinking(思慮過度), The symptoms are heart palpitation(心悸), continuous palpitation(??), insomnia(少寐), hypochondric discomfort(心煩), dream disturbed sleep(多夢), being easy to be scared(易驚), dizziness(眩暈), these are caused by blood deficiency of the heart(心血不足), poor appetite(飮食不振), loss of appetite(納?), short breath(氣短), sense of turgid abdormen(腹部膨滿感), loose stool(泥狀便), these are caused by deficiency of the spleen(脾虛), lassitude and weakness (身倦乏力), lassitude of the extremities (四肢無力), dim complexion (面色少華), pale lips(舌質淡), thready and feeble(脈細弱無力), these are caused by deficiency of both qi and the blood(氣血虛損). The remedy is nourishing the heart-blood(養心血) and regulating the spleen(理脾土). I can prescribe the recipes such as Guibitang(歸脾湯), Gagambosimtang(加減補心湯), Seongbitang(醒脾湯), Insin-guisadan(引神歸舍丹), Insamyangyoungtang(人蔘養榮湯), Sojungjihwan(小定志丸), Yungjigo(寧志膏), Palmijungjihwan(八味定志丸), etc., 3. The type of deficiency of the heart(心虛型) occurs when the heart-blood is injured by the mental tiredness(神勞) and so blood cannot nourish the heart. The symptoms are amnesia(健忘), short breath(氣短), heart palpitation(心悸), perspire spontaneously(自汗), facial pallidness(顔面蒼白), pale lips (舌質淡白), feeble pulse and lassitude(脈虛無力), intermittent pulse(結代脈). The remedy is nourishing the hart and blood and allaying restlessness(補心益血安神). I can prescribe the recipes such as Chenwangbosimdan(天王補心丹), Jeongji-hwan(定志丸), Gaesimhwan(開心丸), Youngjigo(寧志膏), Chilseonghwan(七聖丸), Baegseogyoungtang(白石英湯), Oseohwan(烏犀丸), Yangsinhwan(養神丸), Guisindan(歸神丹), Bogsinsan(茯神散), Jinsamyohyangsan(辰砂妙香散), Cheongeumboksinsan(千金茯神散), Samjotang(蔘棗湯), jangwonhwan(壯元丸), Sa gunjatang(四君子湯) minus rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae(白朮) plus rhizoma acori graminei(石菖蒲), radix polygalae(遠志), cinnabaris(朱砂), etc. 4. The type of deficiency of the kidney(腎虛型) occurs when the kidney-qi and kidney-essence is deficient(腎氣腎精不足) and so it cannot nourish the brain. The symptoms arc amnesia(健忘), ache at the waist and lassitude in the lower extremities(腰산腿軟), dizziness and tinnitus(頭暈耳嗚), emmission and premature ejaculation(遺精早泄), burning sensation of the five centres(五心煩熱), flushed tongue(舌紅), rapid and small palse(脈細數). The remedy is nourishing the kidney and strengthen the essence(補腎益精). I can prescribe the recipes such as Gagamgobonhwan(加減固本丸), Jeongjihwan(定志丸), Gongseongchlmjungdan(孔聖枕中丹), Yugmigihwanghwan(六味地黃丸) plus ra-dix polygalae(遠志), fructus schizandrae(五味子), Yugmigihwanghwan(六味地黃丸) plus radix polygalae(遠志), fructus schizandrae(五味子), rhizoma acori graminei(石菖蒲), semen zizyphi spinosae(酸棗仁), Palmihwan(八味丸) plus fructus schizandrae(五味子), semen zizyphi spinosae(酸棗仁). etc., 5. The type of breakdown of the coordination between the heart and the kidney (心腎不交型) occurs when the heart-fire(心火) and kidney-fluid(腎水) are imbalanced. The symptoms are amnesia(健忘), hypochondric discomfort(心煩), insomnia(失眠), dizziness and tinnitus(頭最耳嗚), feverish sensation m the palms and soles(手足心熱), emmision(遺精), ache at the waist and lassitude in the lower extremities(腰?腿軟), flushed tongue(舌紅), rapid pulse(脈數). The remedy is coordinating each other(交通心腎). I can prescribe the recipes such as Gangsimdan(降心丹), Jujaghwan(朱雀丸), Singyotang(神交湯), Simsinyang- gyotang(心腎兩交湯), Yugmihwan(六味丸) plus fructus schizandrae(五味子), radix polygalae(遠志), Yugmihwan(六味丸) plus fructus schizandrae(五味子), radix polygalae(遠志), rhizoma acari graminei(石菖蒲), semen zizyphi spinosae(酸棗仁), etc., 6. The type of mental confusion due to phlegm(痰迷心竅型) occurs when the depressed vital energy(氣鬱) create phlegm retention(痰飮) and phlegm stagnancy(痰濁) put the heart and sprit(心神) out of order. The symptoms arc amnesia(健忘), dizziness(頭暈), chest distress(胸悶), nausea(惡心), dull(神思欠敏), dull and slow facial expression(表情遲鈍), tongue with yellow and greasy fur(舌苔黃?), sliperry pulse(脈滑). The remedy is removing heat from the heart to restore consciousness and dispersing phlegm(淸心化痰開竅) I can prescribe the recipes such as Gamibogryeongtang(加味茯?湯), Goa-rujisiltang(瓜蔞枳實湯), Jusaansinhwan(朱砂安神丸), Dodamtang(導痰湯) plus radix saussurea(木香), Yijintang(二陳湯) plus succus phyllostachyos(竹瀝), rhizoma zingiberis(生薑) Ondamtang(溫膽湯) plus rhizoma acori graminei(石菖蒲), rhizoma curcumae aromaticae(鬱金), etc., 7. The type of accumulation of stagnant blood(蓄血型) occurs when the blood is accumulated in the lower part of body. The symptoms are amnesia(健忘), chest distress(胸悶), icteric skin(身黃), rinsing the mouth but don't wanting eat(漱水不欲燕), madness(發狂), black stool(屎黑), pain in the lower abdomen(小腹硬痛). The remedy is dispersing phlegm and absorb clots (化痰化瘀), I can prescribe the recipes such as Jeodangtang(抵當湯), Daejeodanghwan(代抵當丸), Hyeolbuchugeotang (血府逐瘀湯) plus rhizoma acori graminei (石菖蒲), rhizoma curcumae aromaticae(鬱金), Jusaansinhwan(朱砂安神丸) plus rhizoma curcumae aromaticae(鬱金), radix polygalae(遠志), semen persicae(桃仁), cortex moutan radicis(收丹皮), etc., 8. The type of internal injury by seven emotion(七情所傷型) occurs when the anger injures the will stored in the kidney(腎志). The symptoms are amnesia(健忘), heart palpitation(心悸). hot temper(易怒), being easy to be scared(善驚), panic(易恐). The remedy is relieving the depressed liver and regulating the circulation of qi(疏肝解鬱). I can prescribe the recipes such as Tongultang(通鬱湯), Sihosogantang(柴胡疏肝湯) plus rhizoma acari graminei(石菖蒲), rhizoma curcumae aromaticae(鬱金), etc.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.76-111
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• 2000

I examined and referred to literatures of every generations on the nicknames, causes, herb medications and acupucture treatments of ptosis(上胞下垂) And then the results were obtained as follows. 1. The nicknames of ptosis(上胞下垂) are hyumok(휴목), chimpung(侵風), geompye(瞼廢), geompisubok(瞼皮垂覆), posu(胞垂) and bigwon(脾倦) which corresponds to blepharoptosis in Western Medicine. 2. The congenital ptosis(上胞下垂) is mostly caused by innate disposition(稟賦不足). The acquired ptosis(上胞下垂) is mostly caused by Qi sinking of Tri-energizer(中氣下陷). And besides this, there are Blood stasis due to Qi stagnancy(氣滯血瘀), invasion of the eyelid by wind(風邪入絡), Qi and Blood deficiency(氣血不足), Phlegm syndrome due to wind(風痰阻絡), Wind syndrome due to Yang hypertrophy(陽亢動風) and Stagnation of Liver Qi(肝氣鬱結). 3. In herb medication of ptosis(上胞下垂), Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) was used 14 times most and its effects are nourishing the spleen to promote the flow of Qi(健脾益氣) and elevating the YangQi and activation the meridian(升陽活絡). In the following, Insamyangyeongtang(人蔘養榮湯) was done 6 times and has effects of promoting the Qi and activating the blood(益氣養血) and of promoting blood circulation and restoring flow(活血通絡). The next, Jungyongtang(正容湯) appeared 5 times and this can expel wind, resolve phlegm and restore flow(祛風滌痰通絡). As single herb, Radix glycyrrhizae(甘草) was used 66 times most. Besides this, there are a few herbs used many times like Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae(白朮), Radix angelicae gogantis(當歸), Radix ginseng(人蔘). Radix astragali(황기) and Rhizoma cimicifugae(升麻). 4. In acupunture treatment, Chanzhu(撰竹) was used 19 times most. Besides this acupoint, there are some points choson frequently like Zusanli(足三里), Sanyinjiao(三飮交), Yangbai(陽白), Taiyang(太陽), Tongziliao(瞳子 ), Jingming(晴明), Hegu(合谷) and Fengchi(風池).

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

Objetcives : Cancer cachexia is a common syndrome in advanced cancer patients, which is characterized by profound changes in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in anorexia, weight loss, muscle wasting and poor performance status. We studied the journals of Chinese herb medicine about cancer cachexia and reported the results. Methods : This study attempted to analyze the contents of the research papers concerning the treatment of cancer cachexia presented in the journals of Chinese medicine published in China over the period between 2000 and 2009. Results & Conclusions : The principles for medical treatment were invigorating Ki(益氣), invigorating the spleen(健脾), regulating the stomach(和胃), nourishing the blood(養血), nourishing Eum(補陰), promoting the circulation of Ki(行氣), removing the phlegm(化痰), removing blood stasis(祛瘀) etc. The used herbs were Poria(茯笭), Astragali Radix(黃芪), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(白朮), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨蔘), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Citri Pericarpium(陳皮), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Coicis Pemen(薏苡仁), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) etc. The effetcive rate of treatment with Chinese herb medicine group was comparable or even more effetcive. Chinese herb medicine group had little side effetcs. Chinese medicine herb treatment to inhibit cancer cachexia has many possibilities.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

Objectives : Diabetic nephropathy is associated with morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus patients. Mesangial cell proliferation is known as the major pathologic features such as glomerulosclerosis. Oryeong-san, Korean formula, is widely used for the treatment of nephrosis, edema, and uremia. Oryeong-san is composed of five herbs: Alismatis Rhizoma, Polyporus, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, and Cinnamomi Cortex. Methods : The present study was performed to investigate potent inhibitory effect of Oryeong-san on high glucose (HG)-induced rat mesangial cells (RMC) proliferation. Results : RMC proliferation under 25 mM glucose was significantly accelerated compared with 5.5 mM glucose, which was inhibited by Oryeong-san in dose dependent manner. Pre-treatment of Oryeong-san induced down-regulation of cyclins/CDKs and up-regulation of CDK inhibitor, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 expression. In addition, Oryeong-san reduced HG-induced RMC proliferation by suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phospholyration such as extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and p38. Oryeong-san significantly suppressed HG-induced ROS production. Conclusions : Oryeong-san consequently inhibited HG-induced mesangial cell proliferation through the inhibition of MAPK and ROS signaling pathway. These results suggest that Oryeong-san may be effective in the treatment of renal dysfunction leading to diabetic nephropathy.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2009

To beef up natural immunity, we have used Bojoongikgitang which has been known to treat enervation in the oriental medicine. This study is analyzed out structure material and the chief virtue of a prescription through Literature Study on Bojoongikgitang and Clinical Application. And this study is investigated to make sure of the necessity and additional symptoms in using Bojoongikgitang. The results are as follows : 1. It is regarded that the structure materials of Bojoongikgitang consist of Astragali Radix one jeon(錢) five poon(分), Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix one jeon for each, Citri Pericarpium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix five poon for each, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix three poon for each. 2. The necessity symptoms in using Bojoongikgitang are a pale complexion, drowsy eyes(目無精光), vigorless, lethargy, sluggish talk. 3. The fittest prescriptions prior to the necessity symptoms in using Bojoongikgitang are Bojoongikgitang added Paeoniae Radix Alba, Scutellariae Radix in fever, exterior heat, mild fever, Bojoongikgitang added Ephedrae Radix, Tritici Fructus Levis, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix in spontaneous sweating, spontaneous sweating by yang deficiency, Bojoongikgitang added Paeoniae Radix Alba, Scutellariae Radix in feeling the pulse like a flood, largeness and weakness, scatter and largeness, flood and largeness for diagnosis respectively. Bojoongikgitang Entering the heart channel by culturing the blood prescription in vexation, vexation and anxiety, Soongihwajoongtang in headache, DossiBojoongikgitang in rigor, Bojoongikgitang annexed Saengmaecsan in thirst, Daninsamtang or Jojoongikgitang in asthma, asthma by congestion of the upwardness, Eeegongsan in light eating, eschewing food, losing one's appetite, Ikweeseungyangtang in deficiency failing to control blood and blood collapsey. 4. To treat a functional disease is superior to organic one in using Bojoongikgitang.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

Pyungwi-san has been used to treat the digestive system diseases, physconia, nausea, anorexia, and dyspepsia in Korea. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was optimized for simultaneous determination of the 14 marker components, spinosin, liquiritirn apioside, liquiritin, narirutin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, honokiol, atractylenolide II, magnolol, and atractylenolide I in Pyungwi-san extract. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) with maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. The MS conditions were as follows: capillary voltage 3.3 kV, extractor voltage 3.0 V, RF lens voltage 0.3 V, source temperature $120^{\circ}C$, desolvation temperature $300^{\circ}C$, desolvation gas 600 L/h, cone gas 50 L/h and collision gas 0.14 mL/min. The coefficient of determination of 14 analytes was 0.9989-1.0000. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all analytes were 0.04-2.56 and 0.13-7.69 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-ESI-MS/MS method, the 5 components, spinosin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, atractylenolide III, II, and I derived from Zizyphi Fructus and Atractylodis Rhizoma, were not detected in this extract. On the other hand, the 9 components except for the 5 components were 4.15-498.87 mg/kg in lyophilized Pyungwi-san extract. Among these components, glycyrrhizin, marker compound of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, was detected the most amount as a 498.87 mg/kg.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2019

One of the oriental medicine prescriptions, Sagunja-tang consists of four herbal medicines (Ginseng Radix, Poria Sclerotium, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, and Glycyrrhiziae Radix et Rhizoma) and has been used as a medicine to enhance tonify the function of spleen and stomach in Korea. In this study, we conducted simultaneous analysis of the 9 marker components, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ginsenoside Rg1, liquiritigenin, ginsenoside Rb1, glycyrrhizin, atractylenolide III, atractylenolide II, and atractylenolide I in Sagunja-tang using a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Marker compounds were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, 1.7 mm) and the column was maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consists of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile with gradient condition. The LC-MS analysis was performed using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method in the positive and negative modes. The calibration curves of the nine marker components showed good linearity with coefficient of determination ${\geq}0.9984$ within tested range. The limits of detection and limits of quantification values were 0.27-2.42 ng/mL and 0.81-7.27 ng/mL, respectively. The concentrations of tested 9 analytes in the lyophilized Sagunja-tang sample using the established LC-ESI-MS/MS MRM method were detected up to 16.593 mg/g. These results can be useful as a basic data for the quality control of an oriental medicine prescriptions.