• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4024-4041
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• 2022

Robust reversible watermarking has attracted widespread attention in the field of information hiding in recent years. It should not only have robustness against attacks in transmission but also meet the reversibility of distortion-free transmission. According to our best knowledge, the most recent robust reversible watermarking methods adopt a single image as the carrier, which might lead to low efficiency in terms of carrier utilization. To address the issue, a novel dual-image robust reversible watermarking framework is proposed in this paper to effectively utilize the correlation between both carriers (namely dual images) and thus improve the efficiency of carrier utilization. In the dual-image robust reversible watermarking framework, a two-layer robust watermarking mechanism is designed to further improve the algorithm performances, i.e., embedding capacity and robustness. In addition, an optimization model is built to determine the parameters. Finally, the proposed framework is applied in different domains (namely domain-independent), i.e., Slantlet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition domain, and Zernike moments, respectively to demonstrate its effectiveness and generality. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed dual-image robust reversible watermarking framework.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.856-873
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• 2011

Reversible watermarking is an open problem in information hiding field, with embedding the encoded bit '1' or '0' into some sensitive images, such as the law enforcement, medical records and military images. The technique can retrieve the original image without distortion, after the embedded message has been extracted. Histogram-based scheme is a remarkable breakthrough in reversible watermarking schemes, in terms of high embedding capacity and low distortion. This scheme is lack of capacity control due to the requirement for embedding large-scale data, because the largest hidden capacity is decided by the amount of pixels with the peak point. In this paper, we propose a reversible watermarking scheme to enlarge the number of pixels with the peak point as large as possible. This algorithm is based on an adaptive edge-guided interpolation, furthermore, hides messages by interpolation-error, i.e. the difference between the original and interpolated image value. Simulation results compared with other state-of-the-art reversible watermarking schemes in this paper demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제18B권6호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2011

위변조되지 않은 고신뢰성의 영상이 요구되는 서비스에서 무결성을 인증하기위하여 가역 워터마킹 기법이 유용하게 적용될 수 있다. 콘텐츠의 인증을 위한 기존의 연구들은 워터마크의 제거후에 원본 복원이 불가능한 것이 많다. 가역 워터마킹 기법은 디지털 콘텐츠에 지각적 투명성을 유지하며 워터마크를 삽입한 후, 이를 아무런 손상없이 원본 상태로 복원할 수 있는 메시지 은닉 수단으로서 높은 품질과 높은 삽입용량이 요구되는 분야에서 다양하게 이용되어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 차이값 히스토그램 기반의 가역 워터마킹을 이용하여 영상의 위변조된 영역을 탐지하는 블록단위 인증 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저, 영상의 각 블록에 대하여 DCT 계수에 기반하여 영상의 특징값을 추출하고, 사용자의 정보와 결합하여 영상 인증 코드를 생성한다. 생성된 인증코드는 가역 워터마킹을 통하여 콘텐츠 자체에 직접 삽입한다. 이와 같은 영상의 인증을 위해서는 추출된 인증코드와 새로 생성된 인증코드의 비교를 수행한다. 다양한 영상들에 대하여 비교 분석한 실험 결과에 따르면 제안한 알고리즘은 완전한 가역성과 함께 낮은 왜곡을 유지하면서도 97% 이상의 높은 인증률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2010

리버서블 워터마킹은 디지털 영상에 정보를 은닉하고 인증된 상대에게만 은닉된 정보를 복호화하고 원래의 상태로 영상을 복구하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 히스토그램 이동을 이용한 고용량 리버서블 워터마킹을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 높은 삽입량을 위하여 영상을 $2{\times}2$ 블록으로 분할하고, 각 블록에 수평, 수직, 대각에 대한 화소쌍을 이용하여 가장 빈도가 높은 최대 삽입공간을 찾는다. 최대 삽입공간을 포함하는 위치맵을 이용하여 오버플로우와 언더플로우를 제거하여, 반복적인 워터마크 삽입을 통해 삽입량을 증가시킨다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법이 기존의 리버서블 워터마킹 방법과 비교하여 좋은 화질과 높은 삽입량을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.406-420
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• 2015

We present a secure and robust image watermarking scheme that uses combined reversible DWT-DCT-SVD transformations to increase integrity, authentication, and confidentiality. The proposed scheme uses two different kinds of watermarking images: a reversible watermark, $W_1$, which is used for verification (ensuring integrity and authentication aspects); and a second one, $W_2$, which is defined by a logo image that provides confidentiality. Our proposed scheme is shown to be robust, while its performances are evaluated with respect to the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), normalized cross-correlation (NCC), and running time. The robustness of the scheme is also evaluated against different attacks, including a compression attack and Salt & Pepper attack.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제19B권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

콘텐츠의 인증을 위한 기존의 오디오 워터마킹 연구들은 워터마크의 제거 후에 원본 복원이 불가능한 것이 많다. 가역 워터마킹 기법은 고신뢰성의 오디오 콘텐츠가 요구되는 응용분야에서 오디오 데이터의 무결성을 인증하기 위한 효과적인 방법으로 적용될 수 있다. 가역 워터마킹 기법은 디지털 콘텐츠에 지각적 투명성을 유지하며 워터마크를 삽입한 후, 이를 아무런 손상없이 원본 상태로 복원할 수 있게 한다. 본 논문에서는 악의적인 위변조를 탐지하는 구간 단위의 오디오 무결성 인증 알고리즘을 제안하며, 완전한 가역성을 제공하기 위하여 차이값 히스토그램 기반 가역 워터마킹 기법을 사용한다. 전체에 대해서 한 번의 인증이 아닌 부분적인 인증을 위하여 오디오를 구간 단위로 분할하여 인증 정보를 삽입하며, 무결성 인증 또한 구간 단위로 수행된다. 다양한 실험 데이터들에 대하여 비교 분석한 실험 결과에 따르면 제안한 알고리즘은 완전한 가역성과 함께 낮은 왜곡을 유지하면서도 99% 이상의 높은 인증률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2017

Reversible DNA watermarking is capable of continuous DNA storage and forgery prevention, and has the advantage of being able to analyze biological mutation processes by external watermarking by iterative process of concealment and restoration. In this paper, we propose a reversible DNA watermarking method based on histogram multiple shifting of noncoding DNA sequence that can prevent false start codon, maintain original sequence length, maintain high watermark capacity without biologic mutation. The proposed method transforms the non-coding region DNA sequence to the n-th code coefficients and embeds the multiple bits of the n-th code coefficients by the non-recursive histogram multiple shifting method. The multi-bit embedding process prevents the false start codon generation through comparison search between adjacent concealed nucleotide sequences. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the proposed method has higher watermark capacity of 0.004-0.382 bpn than the conventional method and has higher watermark capacity than the additional data. Also, it was confirmed that false start codon was not generated unlike the conventional method.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.756-766
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• 2023

To effectively track the illegal use of digital images and maintain the security of digital image communication on the Internet, this paper proposes a reversible multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on a deep residual network (ResNet) and perceptual hashing (also called MWR). The algorithm first combines perceptual image hashing to generate a digital fingerprint that depends on the user's identity information and image characteristics. Then it embeds the removable visible watermark and digital fingerprint in two different regions of the orthogonal separation of the image. The embedding strength of the digital fingerprint is computed using ResNet. Because of the embedding of the removable visible watermark, the conflict between the copyright notice and the user's browsing is balanced. Moreover, image authentication and traitor tracking are realized through digital fingerprint insertion. The experiments show that the scheme has good visual transparency and watermark visibility. The use of chaotic mapping in the visible watermark insertion process enhances the security of the multipurpose watermark scheme, and unauthorized users without correct keys cannot effectively remove the visible watermark.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4603-4624
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• 2016

In this paper, a new reversible watermarking algorithm with adaptive embedding threshold matrix is proposed. Firstly, to avoid the overflow and underflow, two flexible thresholds, TL and TR, are applied to preprocess the image histogram with least histogram shift cost. Secondly, for achieving an optimal or near optimal tradeoff between the embedding capacity and imperceptibility, the embedding threshold matrix, composed of the embedding thresholds of all blocks, is determined adaptively by the combination between the composite chaos and the average energy of Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) block. As a non-liner system with good randomness, the composite chaos is suitable to search the optimal embedding thresholds. Meanwhile, the average energy of IWT block is calculated to adjust the block embedding capacity, and more data are embedded into those IWT blocks with larger average energy. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art reversible watermarking schemes, the proposed scheme has better performance for the tradeoff between the embedding capacity and imperceptibility.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1761-1784
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• 2017

In order to improve the embedding rate of reversible watermarking algorithm for digital image and enhance the imperceptibility of the watermarked image, an adaptive reversible image watermarking algorithm based on DE is proposed. By analyzing the traditional DE algorithm and the generalized DE algorithm, an improved difference expansion algorithm is proposed. Through the analysis of image texture features, the improved algorithm is used for embedding and extracting the watermark. At the same time, in order to improve the embedding capacity and visual quality, the improved algorithm is optimized in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only achieve the blind extraction, but also significantly heighten the embedded capacity and non-perception. Moreover, compared with similar algorithms, it is easy to implement, and the quality of the watermarked images is high.