• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.356-365
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• 1991

유전에 의해 비만증을 타고나는 비만쥐 (ob/ob mouse)의 간으로 부터 유리된 세포막과 핵의 $L-triiodothyronine(T_3)$ 결합 능력이 그들과 한 배에서 태어난 정상 체중의 쥐들의 것들과 비교되었다. 세포막이 hypotonic 용액과 discontinuous sucrose density를 사용하여 원심분리기로 분리되었으며, 세포 각 부분의 marker enzyme들의 activity로 세포막의 순도가 측정되었다. 핵은 $Triton{\times}100$를 사용하여 윈심분리기로 얻어졌다. $T_3$ 수용체의 Bmax(최대결합용량)와 Kd(dissociation constant)가 세포막 혹은 핵을 여러 농도의 $^{125}I-T_3$와 함께 일정시간 incubation 시킨 후, 그 binding이 reverse Scatchard analysis에 의하여 계산하여 얻어졌다. 모든 실험과정은 비만쥐와 정상쥐에 대하여 평행으로 진행되었다. 간 핵의 $T_3$ 수용체의 최대결함용량은 비만쥐가 정상 체증의 쥐 보다 유의적으로 적었으나(p<0.001), $T_3$에 대한 친화력에는 차이가 없었다. 이는 이전의 보고들의 결과를 확인해 주는 것이다. 세포막에 있는 $T_3$ 수용체의 최대결합 능력과 친화력은 비만쥐와 정상쥐 간에 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 비만쥐의 세포막에 있는 $T_3$수용체의 기능에는 결함이 없음을 나타내며, 비만쥐의 말초조직에서 손상된 갑상선 홀몬의 작용은 세포막 수용체에 결합한 이후에 일어나는 과정에 원인이 있다는 것을 의미하고, 따라서 핵에 있는 $T_3$수용체의 결함이 비만쥐 (ob/ob mouse)의 비만증의 근본적인 원인일 수 있다는 제안을 뒷받침하여 주고 있다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1985

수도(水稻)와 일년생(一年生) 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)인 물달개비(Monochoria vaginalis Presl.)와 경합(競合)이 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 제초제(除草劑)에 대(對)한 물달개비의 반응(反應)을 조사(調査)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수도(水稻)의 총건물중(總乾物重)은 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)해 물달개비의 밀도(密度)가 1본(本)에서 3본(本)으로 증가(增加)할수록 16%, 33%, 37%씩 각각(各各) 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 총건물중(總乾物重)으로 본 광합성(光合成) 효율(效率)은 경합비율(競合比率)이 높아짐에 따라 현저(顯著)히 떨어졌으며 상대적(相對的)으로 경합지수(競合指數)의 증가(增加)로 전체적(全體的)인 건물중(乾物重) 감소(減少)를 가져왔다. 3. 수도(水稻)와 물달개비의 경합(競合)으로 인(因)한 수량(收量)의 감소(減少)는 수수(穗數)와 수당(穗當) 영화수감소(領花數減少)가 가장 많은 영향(影響)을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 4. 제초제(除草劑)의 종류(種類)에 따라 물달개비의 초장억제율(草長抑制率)이 상이(相異)하나 기존(旣存) 제초제(除草劑)이 butachlor와 thiobencarb에 못지않는 유망(有望)에 신(新) 제초제(除草劑)가 많이 있음을 입증(立證)하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

This study was aimed at investigating the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of cadmium exposed rat based on cDNA array analysis. For cDNA array analysis, adult Sprague-Dawley male rats (350 ${\pm}$ 25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 2.0 mg/kg body weight/day of CdCl2 (0.3 ml) for 5 days. For doserelated gene expression analysis rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg body weight/day of CdCl$_2$ for 5 days. Control rats were injected with equal volume of saline. Cadmium concentration of brain was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For cDNA array, RNA samples were extracted from basal ganglia and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [${\alpha}$32P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array II and Toxicology array 1.2 (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. RT-PCR was employed to validate the relative gene expression patterns obtained from the cDNA array. Northern blot hybridization methods were employed to assess the dose-related gene expression. Among the 2352 cDNAs, 671 genes were detected in both array sets and 63 genes of 38 classes showed significant (more than two fold) changes in expression. Thirty five of these genes were up-regulated and twenty eight were down-regulated in the cadmium exposed group. According to the dose-related gene expression analysis, heat shock 27 kDa protein (HSP27), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap 1) genes were significantly up-regulated and melatonin receptor 1a (Mel1a), Kinesin family member 3C (KIF3C), novel kinesinrelated protein (KIF1D) genes were significantly downregulated even in the low-dose of cadmium exposed group (0.1 mg/kg body weight/day). Conclusions Sixty three genes detected in this study can give some more useful informations about the cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in the basal ganglia. As well as, HSP27, Neurodap1, Mel1a, KIF3C and KIF1D genes may be useful for the study of the cadmium-induced neurotoxicity because these genes showed dramatic changes of mRNA levels in response to the low dose of cadmium exposure.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.550-562
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• 1997

Since patients with strokes occupy a high priority among patients for home nursing, the development of guidelines for such nursing is required and the needs of these patients should be reflected in the guidelines. Therefore, this study was done to identify the content and levels of home nursing for patients with strokes and to utilize the data in developing the most effective home nursing guidelines for these patients. The level of A, D. L. and the ability to control upper extremities were measured, and through a questionnaire. the needs for home nursing and related variables were also evaluated. The subjects for the study were 121 patients, 58 inpatients and 63 home care patients who had had a Stroke. Data collection was done from September 1996 to January 1997. The collected data were analyzed utilizing SPSS /PC, and the results are as follows : 1. Home nursing need of inpatients The priority order of home nursing needs for inpatients was : "Training in emergency treatments and how to cope with a stroke"(2.28+1.06), next, "Explanation of diets as limited or recommended", and last, "Nursing care for sleeping Problems". 2. Home nursing need home of patients The priority order of home nursing needs for home patients was : "Care for the paralyzed side" (2, 89+.34), next, "Maintenance of right posture and how to change position" (2.87+.34), and last, "Counseling on sex". 3. Comparison of the levels of home nursing needs between in patients and home patients The results of analyses of home nursing needs according to causes were grouped into seven categories : and t-tests of the seven categories showed significant differences between the two groups in all categories, that is, the level of home nursing needs were significantly higher for home patients than for inpatients in all categories of home nursing. 4. Level of home nursing needs by characteristics The variables that have affected the level of home nursing needs for these patients were sex, profession, level of education, accompanying diseases, paralyzed position. A.D.L. levels and ability levels in coordinating upper extremities. There variables, displayed a reverse correlation with the level of home nursing needs, and the degree of correlation was high. In conclusion, the above results, show there were differences in the priority order of home nursing needs between inpatients and home patients : but the content of home nursing needs wanted by these patients was similar. Meanwhile, the levels of demand for home nursing was exceptionally higher on the part of home patients than inpatients. Although it is realized that nursing guidelines for home nursing needs in all items need to be developed, there is also a necessity to guidelines in accordance with priority orders, and with consideration of the factors that affect the level of home nursing needs. of the factors that affect the level of home nursing needs.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 1990

The severe atrophic edentulism with poor neuromuscular control militates against successful conventional denture therapy. To such situation, a prescribing of dental implant treatment has been considered with some probability. Implant materials used as a trial for dental implants includes metals, plastic polymers and ceramics. The purpose of this study was to observe histologic response in osseointegration process at titanium implant-tissue interface based on biocompatibility at specific period of sequential natures which were divided into a half month, one, month, two months, three months and immediate as a base line. In this study, unilateral lower left premolar and molar teeth were extraced in three dogs. After allowing to heal for 6 months, three kinds of osseointegrated implant, $Br{\aa}nemark$, Corevent and kimplant(a prototype of SNU implant study)were inserted in each dog respectively according to the above sequence from front to back. The specimens were taken from those dogs at the same time since implant were inserted quite reverse order of the specified periods, and decalcified and processed for histologic examination for the light microscopy and the electron microscopy. The microscopic histologic findings at the interface between titanium implants and tissue were interpretated as follows : A. Light microscopic findings : a. Immediate : Implant were surrounded by compact bone and spongy bone. Microcrak was observed in the superficial bone tissue. Osteocytes were disappeared and bone lacunae were observed as a vacant space in some parts. In the contacting with the spongy bone, bone trabeculae and bone marrow were in contact with the implant. b. A half Month : Osteoblasts exist as a monolayer in th inner bone trabeculae and do bone additiocn. Osteoblasts&inflammatory cells were observed in some parts. c. One Month : The presence of osteoclasts decreased. Osteoblasts did active bone fromation, and bone marrow was in contact with the implant in the many places. d. Two Months : Bone formation was advanced in comparison with the b and c. The presence of osteoclsts was not observed. e. Three Months : The superficial bone tissue contacted with the implants was entirely composed by the compact bone. B. Electron microscopic findings : a. A half month and one month group : In the parts of the active bone formation, osteoblasts with the well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were arranged in the monolayer. In the parts of the bone resorption, ruffled border was well developed and many osteoclasts with the well-developed golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuole, vesicle and lysosome were existed. b. Three months group : No osteoblasts were observed in the superficial bone tissue. Bone matrix with collaen fiber was observed. c. No significant dirrerence in the histologic findings was observed in $Br{\aa}nemark$, Core-vent and kimplant.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.456-470
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• 2013

중공사형 막은 지난 수십 년간 빠르게 성장하고 있는 새로운 기술의 하나이다. 또한, 고분자 소재를 이용한 분리막은 기체분리, 연료전지, 수처리, 폐수처리, 유기물 분리 등 여러 분야에서 주목 받고 있다. 그중에서도 액체분리용 역삼투(RO)와 한외여과(Ultrafiltration)막의 중간 특성을 갖는 나노여과(Nanofiltration)막은 상대적으로 역삼투 막에 비하여 낮은 투자비와 낮은 운전압력, 높은 투과 성능을 가지며 다가 음이온 염과 $200{\sim}1000gmol^{-1}$사이의 유기물에 대한 높은 제거율을 갖는 막이다. 본 논문에서는 NF 중공사 분리막의 소재, 제조 방법(상전이법과 계면중합법)에 따른 멤브레인의 구조 제어 및 다양한 특성 평가에 관한 연구동향을 살펴보고자 한다. 현재 대부분의 NF용 분리막은 평막형(plate and frame type)이나 나권형(spiral wound type)으로 제품화 되고 있는데, 중공사형(hollow-fiber type)의 제품화가 지연되고 있는 것은 기존 소재를 바탕으로 제조할 경우 강도면에서 안정적이지 못한 면이 있으므로 새로운 소재를 개발하거나 기존 소재의 개선이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이러한 부분을 보완할 수 있을 만한 제조 기술이 확보된다면 중공사 형태의 나노여과막이 점차 나권형막을 대체하여 시장에서 높은 점유율을 나타낼 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2004

발효식품의 후산발효를 조절하기 위하여 pH sensitive liposome의 이용 가능을 검토하였다. Lactococcm sp. CU216이 생산하는 박테리오신은 L.. acidophilus를 제외하고는 대부분의 유산균주들에 생육억제 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이를 Octyl-Sepharose column으로 분획하여 정제하였다. 정제된 박테리오신을 dipalmitoyl phosphocholine, dipalmitoyl phosphoethanolamine, dioleoyl phosphocholine 및 콜레스테롤를 각각 4:2:1:4(㏖ ratio)의 비율로 섞은 liposome을 제조하여 최종적으로 pH sensitive bacteriocin-liposome을 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 liposome은 pH 4부근에서 대부분 유리되는 것으로 확인되었으나 pH 6이상에서는 일어나지 않았다. 또한 pH sensitive bacteriocin-liposome 한국의 전통 발효식품인 김치에 적용하여 저장시 pH의 저하를 억제시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 실험 결과, pH sensitive bacteriocin-liposome은 발효식품의 후산발효 억제에 적용될 수 있으며 추후에 요구르트를 포함한 다른 발효식품에 대한 추가적인 실험이 필요한 것으로 생각되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1711-1714
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the effect of Withaferin A on A549 cellular proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: NSCLC cell line A549 was selected to explore the effect of Withaferin A on A549 cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt signal pathway capable of regulating tumor biological behavior by assessment of cellular proliferation, cellular apoptotic rates and cellular cycling as well as by immuno-blotting. Results: Withaferin A could inhibit A549 cellular proliferation and the control rate was dosage-dependent (P<0.05), which also increased time-dependently with the same dosage of Withaferin A (P<0.05). The apoptotic indexes in A549 cells treated with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A for 48 h were significantly different (P<0.05). In addition, the apoptotic rates of each group in both early and advanced stages were higher than those in 0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (P<0.05), which were evidently higher after 48 h than those after 24 h (P<0.05). A549 cells treated by Withaferin A for 48 h were markedly lower in Bcl-2 level and obviously higher in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels than those treated by 0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A (P<0.05), and there were significant differences among 5, 10 and 20 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A (P<0.05). The ratios of A549 cells treated by Withaferin A for 48 h in G0/G1 stage were higher than those in 0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$, while those in S and G2/M stages were obviously lower than those in G2/M stage, and there were significant differences in 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A (P<0.05). Additionally, p-Akt/Akt values were in reverse association with dosage, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Withaferin A can inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells by suppressing activation of the PI3K/Akt pathways.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2016

Background: To investigate the effect of pectinase-treated Panax ginseng (GINST) in cellular and male subfertility animal models. Methods: Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced mouse spermatocyte GC-2spd cells were used as an in vitro model. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. For the in vivo study, GINST (200 mg/kg) mixed with a regular pellet diet was administered orally for 4 mo, and the changes in the mRNA and protein expression level of antioxidative and spermatogenic genes in young and aged control rats were compared using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: GINST treatment ($50{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, and $200{\mu}g/mL$) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the $H_2O_2$-induced ($200{\mu}M$) cytotoxicity in GC-2spd cells. Furthermore, GINST ($50{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$) significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the $H_2O_2$-induced decrease in the expression level of antioxidant enzymes (peroxiredoxin 3 and 4, glutathione S-transferase m5, and glutathione peroxidase 4), spermatogenesis-related protein such as inhibin-${\alpha}$, and specific sex hormone receptors (androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) in GC-2spd cells. Similarly, the altered expression level of the above mentioned genes and of spermatogenesis-related nectin-2 and cAMP response element-binding protein in aged rat testes was ameliorated with GINST (200 mg/kg) treatment. Taken together, GINST attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in GC-2 cells and modulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes and of spermatogenic-related proteins and sex hormone receptors in aged rats. Conclusion: GINST may be a potential natural agent for the protection against or treatment of oxidative stress-induced male subfertility and aging-induced male subfertility.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 흰쥐 자궁에서 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)과 그 수용체 유전자들이 발현되는가와 각각 어떠한 유형의 transcript들이 발현되는가를 조사하였고, 이를 위해 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 (RT-PCR)을 시행하였다. 시상하부와 정소에서 공통적으로 존재함이 알려진 PACAP common exon 부위에 해당되는 primer를 사용하여 PCR을 시행한 결과 자궁을 포함한 모든 조직에서 에상대로 297 bp의 band가 확인되었다. 흰쥐 자궁에서 발현되는 PACAP mRNA에 정소 특이적인 exon 1이 포함되는가를 조사하기 위해 정소 특이적인 primer를 사용하여 PCR을 시행한 결과, 정소에서만 예상대로 586 bp의 band가 검출되었고 자궁을 포함한 다른 조직에서는 발견되지 않았다. 흰쥐의 PACAP 수용체 PCR에서는 자궁에서 923 bp와 839 bp크기의 band를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 알려진 PACAP type I수용체의 splicing variant 들 가운데 hip-hop (923bp)과 hip- 또는 nop-type (839bp)의 예상 크기와 일치하였다. 인위적으로 성적인 성숙을 유도한 PMSG 주사모델하에서 자궁내 PACAP transcript 수준은 주사 24 시간 후 실험군에서 증가하여 생식주기상 proestus 시기에 해당되는 주사 48 시간까지 증가하였다가 72 시간후에는 control 보다 낮은 수준을 보였는데, 이는 자궁의 PACAP 유전자발현이 생리적으로 조절됨을 나타내는 것이다. 본 연구는 흰쥐의 자궁에서 PACAP과 그 수용체 isoform들의 유전자가 발현됨을 최초로 보고한 것으로 자궁 자체에서 발현되는 PACAP이 autocrine 또는 paracrine하게 자궁의 생리 및 기능 조절을 담당함을 시사한다.