• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.74-87
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• 2001

When the revegetation of the slopes is required, it is more desirable to consider it from the ecological view point rather than from the disaster-preventive one because the environment is critical for the introduction of pioneer plants to the denuded slopes. The ecological point of view adheres to the maintenance of the present, original ecosystem of the construction area. The new revegetation technology is presented using native microorganisms and its effective usuage was discussed based on the data in the research field. Direct seeding is recommended and explained in detail than planting seedlings. The importance of inclination angle of slope face is shown for the successful revegetation from its relationship with the thickness of soil. It is indicated that the introduction of pilot plants to the slopes should include their ability to ease the acid rain effects as much as possible. Finally every construction may not be desirable for the maintenance and improvement of the global ecosystem without the consideration of the opinions mentioned above.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

The study of Arundinaria munsuensis Y. Lee to this day was limited to the field of morphological species classification since its first discovery at Jiri mountain in the late 1990s. This native plants, one of Korean endemic species found in Jiri Mt. necessitates further studies about its use as revegetation plants or groundcover plants in urban areas. This study was launched from this need followed by summaries of results below related to its usage. This targeted species is a native Korean species which its natural distribution on the subalpine zone has merit for the wide range of climatic adaptation. Also, the coverage rate reached 78.3% in three years mostly by rhizome growth with an expectation of full coverage in four years providing less maintenance needs after planting. The net price for the construction of pot seedling methods of this plants is relatively economical than other normal revegetation construction methods. For these reasons, drilling for the plants on cut and fill soil slopes driven from pot seedling adapts Arundinaria munsuensis Y. Lee as efficient revegetation plant. Total construction cost for pot seedling work($30cm{\times}30cm$) of Arundinaria munsuensis was approximately 21,000won which is in reasonable price range when compared to other revegetation construction methods of disturbed slopes. As a native Korean plant, Arundinaria munsuensis has wide range of climatic adaptation with less maintenance requirement after planting. This study may suggest a strong possibility of Arundinaria munsuensis as a pot planting material in sloped area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 1984

This report is an investigation of the revegetation and secondary succession in the burned area of Mt. Sanseung in Taegu region. The forest fire took place in December, 1977. The survey was conducted eight times, -three times from October 1, 1983 to October 3, the same year and five times from August 10, 1984 to August 15, the same year. The floristic compositions in the sampled sites constituted 25 kinds of vascular plants and 21 kinds in the burned area and the unburned area respectively. The biological type in both the burned and unburned areas was H-D1-R5-e type, which is generally common to other areas (Taegu, Kyungpook, Chung Buk and Kangweon areas). In the burned area dominant species were Carex humilisvar. nana, Arundinella hirata and Quercus serrata and on the other hand, in the unburned area Pinus densiflora, Carex humilis var. nana, Rhododendron mucrfonulatum var. ciliatum and Quercus serrata. The species diversity diversity index(H) and eveness index(e) of the burned area were higher than those unburned area. Degree of succession (DS) was 650 in the burned area at the 6th years after the fires and 962 in the unburned area. THe vegetation of the burned area was slowly recovered as of 1984 compared with each other. According to the analysis of the soil preperties, pH, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were increased, but organic matter, total nitrogen and total organic carbon were decreased. It is assumed that these results were due to the forest fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

The main objectives of this comparative study were 1) to compare the floristic similarity of species composition between the extant vegetation and seedlings from soil seed bank and 2) to quantify the potential contribution of soil seed bank to revegetation of forest in a constructed area, which is called "ecological impact mitigation" in conjunction with the power plant extension. Forest topsoil of seven plots was collected from the surface soil after measurements were taken on the ground vegetation in each plot. A greenhouse experiment was conducted and monitored to analyze the germination potential of soil seed bank. The forest topsoil was spread on plastic trays ($0.7m^2{\times}7$) filled with a 5cm layer of sterilized potting mix. The results of monitoring for 2 years in a greenhouse were as follows : 1) seedlings of soil seed bank per 4.9$m^2$ were 1,269 with 36 species (1st year) and 2,615 with 25 species (2nd year). 2) 38${\pm}$8% of the flora species were germinated from soil seed bank. It can be concluded that the use of soil seed bank would be effective to promote establishment of diverse species and vegetation. However, it behooves to continue monitoring on succession of vegetation and pursue revegetation with other methods for ecological restoration. Finally, adequate topsoil deposit and gathering methods should be studied properly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.123-132
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• 2016

The study was to introduce the revegetation measures for the improvement of the landscape in October, 2012 on the slope; two and four years after the introduction, the slope was examined to see the status of the revegetation. The result is as follows. The result from examining the soil on the slope, the soil was Loamy sand; which infers that the soil is in a poor condition for improving the scenery. Examining the characteristics of the vegetation-base materials, the soil acidity was pH 6.4 to 6.7; and the soil hardness was 21 to 24mm (hardness quotient of soil), this can be considered a favourable condition, which has no effect on the growth and development of plants. When it comes to the discovery of the species in the area, Lotus corniculatus var., Silene armeria L., Papaver rhoeas, Trifolium pratense L. developed and grew in spring after two years. And in the summer, Lotus corniculatus var., Dianthus chinensis L., Cosmos bipinnatus, Coreopsis drummondii L., Trifolium pratense were founded. And there were Lotus corniculatus var., Dianthus chinensis L., Aster yomena, Coreopsis tinctoria, Trifolium pratense L. in the autumn. According to the examination conducting after four years, Lotus corniculatus var., Dianthus chinensis L., Silene armeria, Cosmos bipinnatus, Coreopsis drummondii L., Papaver rhoeas, Trifolium pratense L. were founded in the spring, and Lotus corniculatus var., Dianthus chinensis L., Cosmos bipinnatus, Coreopsis drummondii L., Trifolium pratense grew in the summer. Lotus corniculatus var., Dianthus chinensis L., Astragalus sinicus, Aster yomena, Coreopsis tinctoria, Trifolium pratense L. were discovered in the autumn. Among the exotic species founded in the area, were Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra. When it comes to the protection of vegetation and dominance, Lotus corniculatus var., Metaplexis japonica, Coreopsis drummondii L. are the dominant species among the spring plants; and Lotus corniculatus var., Trifolium repens L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. were the dominant plants in the summer. In the autumn, Lotus corniculatus var., Coreopsis drummondii L., Poa pratensis appear to be the dominant plants. The colonies of Pinus densiflora and Castanea crenata var. were formed around the South Sejong IC. Part of the area is occupied by the colony of Alnus hirsuta Turcz. ex Rupr. In terms of shrub, there were Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Rosa polyantha var. genuina NAKA. As ground cover plants, Sasa borealis, Rubus crataegifolius Bunge were founded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1998

The slope revegetation methods in Korea are generally the hydroseeding mixed with perennial herbs, soil, fibers, and fertilizer in consideration of scenic landscape rather than ecological and engineering effect. But perennial herbs can't protect the slope from deep surface erosion and they are not tall enough to create the original naturalness at the boundary parts of existing woodlands. This study is about the slope revegetation method using nutritional propagation capacity of plants and the experimental construction was carried out on the cut-slope of Yongin Hoam C.C. We dug several trenches to a depth of 80cm and at intervals of 150cm from each other. After placing various kinds of live branches(Salix species) into the trench, we backfilled with the excavated soils and finally sprayed water mixed with soil-stabilizer, fertilizer. As six months passed, we made a vegetation research and check the slope surface erosion. Vegetation research was performed in examining the frequency of each block using transect method. 31 kinds of plant species appeared in total area($113.6m^2$) and the dominant species are Setaria viridis, Artemisia rubripes, Persicaria pubescens, Plantago asiatica, Cyperus amuricus, Commelina communis. Among the examined blocks, '아', the top part of the slope, showed the ratio of 1.4 as the highest Alpha-diversity. With regard to life form, therophytes were shown dominant distribution of 58% of total species and neophytes relatively low distribution of 16%. It can be estimated that there is no ecological stabilization of this slope, because of ruderal species' occupation of 74% in total area. Regarding the slope stabilization, the serious surface erosion didn't take place in spite of heavy rainfall this year, but a little surface erosion took place at the block where no other species coming from outside of the site were found.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

Growth promotion of wild plants by some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was examined in the microcosms composed of soils collected separately from a grass-covered site and a nongrass-covered site in a lakeside barren area at Lake Paro, Korea. After sowing the seeds of eight kinds of wild plants and inoculation of several strains of PGPR, the total bacterial number and microbial activity were measured during 5 months of study period, and the plant biomasses grown were compared at the end of the study. Acridine orange direct counts in the inoculated microcosms, $1.3-9.8{\times}10^9\;cells{\cdot}g\;soil^{-1}$ in the soil from the grass-covered area and $0.9-7.2{\times}10^9\;cells{\cdot}g\;soil^{-1}$ in the soil from the nongrass-covered site, were almost twice higher than those in the uninoculated microcosms. The number of Pseudomonas sp., well-known bacteria as PGPR, and the soil dehydrogenase activity were also higher in the inoculated soils than the uninoculated soils. The first germination of sowed seeds in the inoculated microcosm was 5 days earlier than the uninoculated microcosm. Average lengths of all plants grown during the study period were 26% and 29% longer in the inoculated microcosms starting with the grass-covered soil and the nongrass-covered soil, respectively, compared with those in the uninoculated microcosms. Dry weights of whole plants grown were 67-82% higher in the inoculated microcosms than the uninoculated microcosms. Microbial population and activity and growth promoting effect by PGPR were all higher in the soils collected from the grass-covered area than in the nongrass-covered area. The growth enhancement of wild plants seemed to occur by the activities of inoculated microorganisms, and this capability of PGPR may be utilized for rapid revegetation of some barren lands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

A technology using continuous fiber soil reinforcement system for the creation of ecological restoration in a damaged area has been developed and introduced. The continuous fiber soil reinforcement system (Geofiber system) is an environmentally friendly slope protection technique that continuous fiber soil reinforced layers are constructed with green plantation on cut slope. The characteristics of this system in terms of the strength and hydraulic performance, and the vegetation were investigated in this study. The main objectives of this comparative study was to quantify the potential contribution of geofiber system for the revegetation on the cut slope in a damaged area. A Geofiber system was constructed to reinforce the lower layer of slopes and revegetation methods including wood chips were carried out on the upper layer by machineries. The results of monitoring during 3 years on cut slopes were as follows : 1) All the quadrat existed in the proper range for vegetation. 2) Species richness was 4.4 (site-1) and 18.5 (site-2) respectively. 3) The averaged coverage rates of quadrats was 90%. It is remarkable that the continuous fiber soil reinforcement system would be capable of applying to a damaged area and also would serve maintaining a healthier environment for floras. However, it behooves to continue monitoring on succession of vegetation for ecological restoration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2002

This study was carried out to identify the relationship between naturally introduced vegetation on the abandoned coal mine lands and the surrounding forest, and to select the indigenous tree species for the revegetation of the real mine lands in Taeback, Kangwon Province, Korea. The apparent species in the surrounding forest of Sododong were 9 species of tree layer, 13 species of subtree layer, 23 species of shrub layer and 23 species of herb layer, respectively. The dominant species in Sarijae were 6 species of tree layer, 15 species of subtree layer, 31 species of shrub layer and 25 species of herb layer, respectively. The plant species in the abandoned real mine land were 31 species in Sododong and 30 species in Sarijae, respectively. The number of plant species in the abandoned coal mine land was smaller than the surrounding forest. The common species of the coal mine lands and the surrounding forest were 6 species(Betula schimidtii etc.) in Sododong and 4 species(B. costata etc.) in Sarijae. It was considered that the species in the coal mine lands introduced from the species of top layer in the surrounding forest. Especially, B. costata in Sarijae showed the edge effect which regenerates the vegetative community from the boundary area of coal mine land and surrounding forest. Natural revegetation in Sododong was also progressing by the invasion of tree species in surrounding forest, such as B. schmidtii. Consequently, natural revegetation in the disturbed coal mine lands may be related to the species composition of the surrounding forest.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

Rhizobacterial strain isolated from barren soil, Bacillus subtilis RFO41 exhibits a high level of phosphate solubilizing activity and produces some phytohormones. Its promoting effect on the growth of Xanthium italicum Moore, a wild plant growing at lakeside barren land and thus a good candidate plant for revegetation of barren lakeside was evaluated in the in situ test for 19 weeks at Lake Paro, Kangwon-do. Strain RFO41 could enhance the dry weight of X. italicum by 67.7%. It also increased the shoot length of X. italicum plant by 21.1% compared to that of uninoculated control. Both growth enhancements had statistical significance. However, the inoculation did not show any effect on the root growth, which might be due to the breakage of tiny root. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the inoculated bacteria were maintained in the soils, and the indigenous bacterial community did not exhibit any significant change. This plant growth promoting capability may be utilized as an environment-friendly and low cost revegetation method, especially for the sensitive areas such as barren lakeside lands.