• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2011

The textile industry is suffered from air pollution problems which must be resolved. In particular, white smoke and odor after the tenter process require abatement. The major air pollution problem in the textile industry occurs during the finishing stages, where various chemicals are used for coating the fabrics. Lubricating oils, plasticizers, and water repellent chemicals are the fabric treatment chemicals. The coated fabrics are cured by heating in tenter facility. In this process, most of air pollutants emitted into the air. White smoke is basically made up of tiny solid or liquid particles of VOCs less than one micron in size. The oil mist can be carried over long distance from their point of origin. The most effective method of removing odor from tenter process is to get rid of tiny oil mist at the emitted gas. For this reason, the full-scale EFC (Electric Fume Collector) of 700 CMM was tested for removing odorous substances emitted from tenter facility. As a result of this study, odor and white smoke can be eliminated effectively and quite large amounts of oil can be recovered.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.697-703
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• 2006

Endocrine disruptors were measured with GC/MS in effluents discharged from sewage treatment processes in pilot scale for the purpose of water reuse. From that analysis, we compared the removal rate of them by treatment processes. Nonylphenol was mainly detected in effluents and high concentration from 0.36 to 0.94 ${\mu}g/L$. $17{\beta}$-estradiol(E2) and $17{\alpha}$-ethynylestradiol(EE2) were detected as below the limit of detection in effluent. Endocrine disruptors were removed effectively in the range from 50 to 100% by treatment process. EC50 value($9.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M) of $17{\beta}$-estradiol(E2) by dose response curve of E-screen assay has higher than that of bisphenol A($2.736{\times}10^{-5}M$) and p-octylphenol($9.760{\times}10^{-6}$ M). These results showed that alkylphenols have lower relative estrogen potency than other estrogens such as $17{\beta}$-estradiol(E2). Calculated estrogenic activity(ng-EEQ/L) was 2 times higher than measured total estrogenic activity which estimated by E-screen assay. Moreover estrogenic activity of effluent by treatment process showed very low as below 1 ng-EEQ/L.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.79-108
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to research instances of green library construction and recognition in order to increase awareness of green libraries. To this end, we investigated the green library's outline and green building, evaluated cases of G-SEED certified libraries, and surveyed the employees at the 16 different G-SEED certified libraries. Results showed that the employees' knowledge of green libraries and the green certification system was low, whereas their interest and needs regarding the green library concept were very high. Second, the respondents were able to recognize as a whole the factors of green library construction based on the evaluation items for G-SEED and place particular emphasis on 'recyclable resources & recycling bins.' However, only a few recognized 'water reclamation/reuse system establishment' as a green library factor. Third, the respondents largely agreed upon an evaluation of items on the suitability of G-SEED, and their ranked reasons for build a green library were preventing environmental pollution, energy-saving, environment, ecology, and indoor environmental factors. Fourth, a lack of 'awareness about the concept of the green library' was thought to most affect the awareness of difficulties in green library construction, and the respondents agreed with the need for 'library image enhancement' to better manage expectations of the green library.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2015

Brownfield sites are beginning to be considered as potentially useful areas for landscape design and planning, with post-industrial areas such as water treatment facilities and military training bases being converted into useful landscapes such as parks and recreation areas. These redevelopments bring broad benefits through revitalizing communities and increasing property values, thus, increasing the demand for comprehensive management and planning policies. This study examines changes in U.S. brownfield policies and programs and, identifies their periodic characteristics over the thirty years since the Superfund program was introduced in 1980. A descriptive and interpretive approach was utilized, focusing specifically on a time sequential analysis of the data gathered from the overview of the Environmental Protection Agency's web-based documents and related literature. The primary changes in and characteristics of programs and policies were analyzed and divided into three periods : environmental protection, remediation and reuse, and comprehensive planning. Four major features were identified: relaxation and readjustment of regulation, diversification of support programs, a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches, and database system building. The study examines how common brownfield problems such as site identification difficulties and assessment and remediation cost have been dealt with in the regulatory context and has implications for future policies and programs for effective brownfield planning and management in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.90-94
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• 2006

The waste solution discharged from the LCD manufacturing process contains acids like nitric, acetic and phosphoric acid and metal ions such as Al, Mo and other impurities. It is important to removal of impurities to tess than 1ppm in phosphoric acid to reuse as an etchant because the residual impurities even in sub-ppm concentration in semiconductor materials play a major role on the electronic properties. In this study, we have been clearly established that a mixed system of solvent extraction, diffusion dialysis and ion-exchange technique, which made individually the most of characteristics is developed to commercialize in an efficient system for recovering the high-purity phosphoric acid. By applying vacuum evaporation, the yield of the process are almost 99% removal of nitric acid and acetic acid was achieved. And by applying the solvent extraction method with tri-octyl phosphate(TOP) as an extractant, the removal of acetic and nitric acid from the acid mixture was achieved effectively at the ratio O/A=1/3 with four stages and the stripping of nitric acid from organic phase is attained at a ration of O/A=1 with six stages by distilled water. About 97% and 76% removal of Al and Mo were achieved by diffusion dialysis. Essentially complete less than 1ppm removal of Al, Mo by using ion exchange ion resin and purification of the phosphoric acid was obtain.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 1998

A study on the recovery of silver and nitric acid in the liquid waste resulted from the mediated electrochemical oxidation(MEO) process was conducted. The removal of silver in the concentrated nitric acid solutions was carried out by the electrodeposition. The removal efficiency more than 98% could be obtained in nitric acid concentrations less than 3 M with the current efficiency of nearly 100%. The experimonts on the evaporation for the recovery of nitric acid were performed as well. At the evaporation factor of 25., the degree of nitric acid recovery in 3.5 M nitric acid solution containing 0.5 to 1.0 mol% NaNO, was 80~90% resulting in 2.8~3.1 M nitric acid. The design factors and operating conditions of the distillation tower were analyzed by using MEH model derived by Maphtali-Sandholm with the throughput of 4 kg/hr for the enrichment of dilute nitric acid solution recovered by evaporation to reuse in the MEO process. The distillation column composed of eleven theoretical stages having the overall tray efficiency of 70% are needed to obtain 1.03 kg/h of 12M nitric acid and 2.97 kg/h of water with feed being introduced to the column at tray 6 from the bottom at the reflux ratio of 0.25, the reboiler with the heat load of 2.7 kW, and the condenser with the cooling load of 0.5 kW.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.161-183
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a concept map in a visual instructional strategy so that meaningful learning can be done by structuring knowledge in the section of eco-friendly clothing life and reform clothes. For this purpose, ten textbooks for the 2009 revised were analyzed, and 10 sub-area were selected to develop the concept map. The development was done by using Cmap Tools V6.02 and the study process has progressed content analysis, concept extraction, and concept map development. The analysis process and results of this study are as follows. First, in the course of setting standards, the analytical standards were set for the 2007 revision and 2009 revision curriculum achievement standards. Second, in the process of content analysis and concept extracting, through the analysis of textbooks, 'clothing selection and purchase', 'clothing care and management' and 'clothing reuse and eco-friendly'. The concept was extracted by subdividing on the basis of general and comprehensive core concepts. Third, the development process of concept map was developed and revised based on the extracted concepts, and the concept map developed was the 'clothing purchase plan', 'points to consider when buying clothing' 'quality', 'handle with care', 'classify laundry', 'remove stain', 'water washing', 'repair clothing', 'reform clothing', 'eco-friendly clothing life'.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of using waste nutrient solution (WNS) and reclaimed wastewater (WW) on the growth of Chinese cabbage and soil quality. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values of waste nutrient solution were 6.3 and $1.5dS\;m^{-1}$ and being 6.8 and $0.4dS\;m^{-1}$ in reclaimed WW, respectively. WNS found to be included more than $10g\;m^{-2}$ of $NO_3^-$, $K^+$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Ca^{2+}$, thereby enhancing Chinese cabbage growth. However, $Cl^-$ and $Na^+$ contents were higher than other nutrients in WW. Among the three irrigation resources, no significant differences were found for the growth of Chinese cabbage plants. On the other hand, pH was decreased in WNS-treated soil when compare to that in WW-treated soil which pH was increased. In spite of the uptake of nutrients by the growing plants, irrigation of the WNS led to an increase in available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable cations such as $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ in the soil when compared to soil that irrigated by groundwater or WW. Taken together, the use of WNS can remarkably reduce the amount of the chemical fertilizer for Chinese cabbage production; however, WNS can possibly cause a problem as nutrients accumulation in soil.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

This experiment was conducted to find out the possibility of use of reused rockwool and comparison of growth, productivity and quality of tomatoes according to the use of rockwool and coir medium. The experiment was conducted in an automatic controlled greenhouse at Andong National University, College of Life Science, located in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do.. As a result of the experiment, there was no difference in the number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area between treatments, and the crown diameter was slightly higher in rockwool medium, also there was no difference between reused rockwool and coir medium. Fruit productivity showed different responses depending on the cultivation environment, but there was no significant difference between rockwool, reused rockwool and coir medium. In addition, the quality of fruit was observed to be different according to the concentration of EC in the medium. Therefore, in tomato hydroponic cultivation, there was no difference in the type of medium in growth, productivity, fruit quality and the environmental and water management had a great effect, and it is expected that the reuse of rockwool will have a positive effect on the economic point of view.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass is essential to pretreatment because of having rigid structures and a lot of lignin. Among methods of pretreatment, using THF solvents has the advantage of being easy to reuse. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) used as a co-solvent with water or ionic solvent that is inexpensive and can remove lignin over a wide range of reaction conditions. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) has been demonstrated to preferentially solvate lignin from cellulose. Thus, NaOH was used as a pretreatment co-solvent for the fractionation of lignin by destroying the ether bond to amend for hydrolysis and expand the surface area of cellulose and hemicellulose. In this experiment, lignin was removed by the NaOH/THF co-solvent pretreatment process to characteristics for the pretreatment and obtain the optimal levulinic acid conversion yield through the acid catalyst conversion process. the NaOH/THF co-solvent system was conducted in various ratios of co-solvent under a total of 16 conditions. And the temperature was 180 ℃ during to 60 mins. The optimum condition of co-solvent is NaOH 5 wt%/THF 90:10(v/v%), 76.8% glucan content was obtained through this co-solvent pretreatment, and 90.1% lignin was removed. In the acid catalyst conversion process, which is a subsequent pretreatment process, the experiment was conducted under the conditions of 30 to 90 min of reaction time and 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ reaction temperature. The optimum condition of acid catalyst conversion process is 60min reaction time under of 180 ℃, and it obtained 84.7% of levulinic aicd conversion yield.