• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

Remarkable scientific and technological achievements are mainly shown in the 'super-convergence' or 'convergence of convergence' among cross- disciplinary fields, and advanced countries are promoting the 'high-risk, high-return research' ecosystem. Google LLC is carrying out numerous new challenges in terms of a non-failure perspective. Innovative research by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has produced such breakthroughs as the Internet, GPS, semiconductors, the computer mouse, autonomous vehicles, and drones. China is pioneering a 'Moon Village' and planning the world's largest nuclear fusion energy and ultra-large particle accelerator project. Japan has also launched 'the moonshot technology development research system' to promote disruptive innovation. In Korea, the government is preparing a new research program to tackle the global scientific challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the reasonable geoscientific challenges to be addressed and to conduct a preliminary study on these topics. For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct long-term creative research projects centered on young researchers, select outstanding principal investigators, extract innovative topics without prior research or reference, simplify research proposal procedures, innovate the selection solely based on key ideas, and evaluate results by collective intelligence in the form of conferences.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.176-182
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• 2014

The project of promoting the economy has attracted attention as on strategy for the economic revitalization of abandoned mine areas which is promoting by local government based on the "Special law on the development of abandoned mine areas". Through the analysis of economic feasibility analysis, the government is trying to determine the presence or absence of budget support to project of promoting the economy of local government. Furthermore, this paper attempts to conduct a cost-benefit analysis, using net present value(NPV), benefit/cost(B/C) ratio, internal rate of return(IRR) techniques for project of promoting the economy of Samcheok City. The project of promoting the economic of Samcheok City is promoting the Yukbaeksan flowers rest park and Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park. The results indicate that NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Yukbaeksan flowers rest park are 3,937 million won, 1.06, 6.18% and NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park are 8,311 million won, 1.34 and 9.47. Accordingly, the projects of promoting the economic of Samcheok City ensure economic feasibility that the three indicators have exceeded 0, 1.0 and 5.5% respectively. Moreover, the analysis results can be used effectively in the decision for the project of promoting ecomony of Samcheok city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.426-433
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• 2012

This study was carried out for preliminary feasibility review to consult forest farmer, to make policy and to search improvement for Ligularia fischeri forest farm. The survey for eight Ligularia fischeri forest farmer in Inje-gun was conducted. And the case study was conducted with computing labor input, gross margin, net margin in each planting stages, which is contented each cultivating stage from creating to harvesting. B/C ratio, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return were used for profitability analysis. The results applied 3% of discount rate showed IRR 48.6%, B/C ratio 1.5 and NPV 41 million KRW, which means high profitability. Forest farming is early step in Korean forestry so that standard methods of cultivation for that haven't established yet, and differences among farmers in productivity are being. Establishing organized methods of cultivation in each stages and being political supports are essential for income generation to forest households, supply of safe food and rest place for urbanity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1520-1532
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• 2020

Objective: Due to rapid economic return, mixed crop-swine farming systems in Korea have become more intensive. Intensive farming practices often cause nutrient surpluses and lead to environmental pollution. Nutrient budgets can be used to evaluate the environmental impact and as a regulatory policy instrument for nutrient management. This study was conducted to select a nutrient budgeting approach applicable to the mixed crop-swine farms in Korea and suggest an effective manure treatment method to reduce on-farm nutrient production. Methods: In this study, we compared current and ideal gross nutrient balance (GNB) approaches of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and soil system budget (SSB) approach with reference to on-farm manure treatment processes. Data obtained from farm census and published literature were used to develop the farm nutrient budgets. Results: The average nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses were approximately 11 times and over 7 times respectively higher in the GNB approaches than the SSB. After solid-liquid separation of manure, during liquid composting a change in aeration method from intermittent to continuous reduced the N and P loading about 50% and 47%, respectively. Although changing in solid composting method from turning only to turning+aeration improved the N removal efficiency by 30.5%, not much improvement in P removal efficiency was observed. Conclusion: Although the GNB approaches depict the impact of nutrients produced in the mixed crop-swine farms on the overall agricultural environment, the SSB approach shows the partitioning among different nutrient loss pathways and storage of nutrients within the soil system; thus, can help design sustainable nutrient management plans for the mixed cropswine farms. The study also suggests that continuous aeration for liquid composting and turning+aeration for solid composting can reduce nutrient loading to the soil.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2015

Background: Cancer imposes a significant economic burden on individuals, families and society. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden of cancer using the healthcare claims and cancer registry data in Korea in 2009. Materials and Methods: The economic burden of cancer was estimated using the prevalence data where patients were identified in the Korean Central Cancer Registry. We estimated the medical, non-medical, morbidity and mortality cost due to lost productivity. Medical costs were calculated using the healthcare claims data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) Corporation. Non-medical costs included the cost of transportation to visit health providers, costs associated with caregiving for cancer patients, and costs for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Data acquired from the Korean National Statistics Office and Ministry of Labor were used to calculate the life expectancy at the time of death, age- and gender-specific wages on average, adjusted for unemployment and labor force participation rate. Sensitivity analysis was performed to derive the current value of foregone future earnings due to premature death, discounted at 3% and 5%. Results: In 2009, estimated total economic cost of cancer amounted to $17.3 billion at a 3% discount rate. Medical care accounted for 28.3% of total costs, followed by non-medical (17.2%), morbidity (24.2%) and mortality (30.3%) costs. Conclusions: Given that the direct medical cost sharply increased over the last decade, we must strive to construct a sustainable health care system that provides better care while lowering the cost. In addition, a comprehensive cancer survivorship policy aimed at lower caregiving cost and higher rate of return to work has become more important than previously considered.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.305-315
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• 2008

Payments for Environmental (or Ecosystem) Services (PES) are emerging as new conservation policy tools. The basic concept underlying PES is that users pay to providers of environmental services for ensuring the continual provision of services based on the voluntary contracts. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts and types of PES and to design a pilot PES scheme for biodiversity/ecosystem conservation on Genetic Reserve Forest in Korea. Genetic Reserve Forest is one of the protected areas designated in Korea to maintain forest biodiversity. PES is designed for the pine forests only in Genetic Reserve Forest, which corresponds to 943 ha. Service providers are to manage their forests based on the contracts in ways that maintain and enhance forest biodiversity and receive the payments in return. The payments are calculated as the sum of management, monitoring, and opportunity costs, resulting 1,140,378 won/year/ha (it corresponds to approximately $1,227 based on the 2007 average exchange rate 1$ = 929.2 won). Because PES are relatively new policies, however, more work needs to be done. Future work includes researches on the correlation between forest biodiversity and management practices and the economic evaluation of forest biodiversity. In addition, enhancing awareness on PES and education of stakeholders are warranted to further develop the scheme.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Purpose - As an important participant in the financial markets, the commercial bank will be impacted by the interest rate marketization. Owing to the special condition of China, this paper tries to explore the impact of operating mechanisms between interest rate marketization and the profitability of the commercial Bank. Research design, data and methodology - This paper applies time series data from 2005 to 2016. Due to the short period of time series, autocorrelation often occurs. Therefore, the fully modified least squares(FMOLS) will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The reason is that it can move off the autocorrelation between variables and disturbance term. And FMOLS also can make estimated cointegrating parameters closed to normal distribution. More importantly, in order to avoid spurious regressions, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test will be used to verify the stationarity of all variables. The total return of asset is treated as the profitability of commercial bank. The net interest spread is treated as a measurement of interest rate marketization. Both are regarded as dependent variables. The non-interest income or gross revenues and impaired loans or gross loans are treated as independent variables. The sixteen representative listed commercial banks are divided into three categories (state-owned, share-holding and city-owned) to conduct an estimation. Results - Via empirical analysis, the findings show that the net interest spread has a positive effect on the profitability of the commercial bank. More specifically, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.157% increase in the profitability of state-owned commercial bank, 0.269% increase in the profitability of share-holding commercial bank and 0.263% increase in the profitability of city-owned commercial bank. If regarding the sixteen listed commercial city as a whole, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.267% increase in the profitability of the commercial bank. Conclusions - As the interest rate marketization, the importance of interest rate on the profitability of commercial bank has become more and more significant. The empirical evidences also prove that the net interest spread can bring about the change of the commercial bank's profitability. Therefore, policy-makers of commercial banks should fully understand the operating mechanism between them.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-140
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• 2012

From a point of knowledge based view, IUI(Industry-University-Institute) R&D collaboration is recognized as an important way to acquire lacking technology and knowledge. In this study, we investigated firm performance of IUI R&D collaboration on national R&D project. That is, we identified whether a collaborative research really affects firm performance, and whether firm performance is differed by types of collaboration. To test our hypotheses, we selected 250 Korean SMEs(Small and Medium Enterprises) which were funded from government R&D for 2006-2009, and we verified relations between the ratio and/or types of R&D collaboration and firm performance. Firm performance was measured by number of patent applied and ROA(Return on Assets) after completion of the project (in year t+1). Findings showed that the relationship between the ratio of R&D collaboration and technological performance was inverted U-shape. Among types of R&D collaboration, though inter-industry collaborative research was negatively related to technological performance, IUI collaborative research was positively related to technological performance. However, the ratio and types of R&D collaboration had no relation to economic performance. The results of this study will contribute to the strategy of SMEs as well as the policy of a government with regard to IUI R&D collaboration.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-46
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• 2020

As the fastest growing office transaction volume in Korea, there's been a need for development of indicators to accurately diagnose the office capital market. The purpose of this paper is experimentally calculate to the office price index for effective benchmark indices in Seoul. The quantitative methodology used a Case-Shiller Repeat Sales Model (1991), based on actual multiple office transaction dataset with over minimum 1,653 ㎡ from Q3 1999 to 4Q 2019 in the case of 1,536 buildings within Seoul Metropolitan. In addition, the collected historical data and spatial statistical analysis tools were treated with the SAS 9.4 and ArcGIS 10.7 programs. The main empirical results of research are briefly summarized as follows; First, Seoul office price index was estimated to be 344.3 point (2001.1Q=100.0P) at the end of 2019, and has more than tripled over the past two decades. it means that the sales price of office per 3.3 ㎡ has consistently risen more than 12% every year since 2000, which is far above the indices for apartment housing index, announced by the MOLIT (2009). Second, between quarterly and annual office price index for the two-step estimation of the MIT Real Estate Research Center (MIT/CRE), T, L, AL variables have statistically significant coefficient (Beta) all of the mode l (p<0.01). Third, it was possible to produce a more stable office price index against the basic index by using the Moore-Penrose's pseoudo inverse technique at low transaction frequency. Fourth, as an lagging indicators, the office price index is closely related to key macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP(+), KOSPI(+), interest rates (5-year KTB, -). This facts indicate that long-term office investment tends to outperform other financial assets owing to high return and low risk pattern. In conclusion, these findings are practically meaningful to presenting an new office price index that increases accuracy and then attempting to preliminary applications for the case of Seoul. Moreover, it can provide sincerely useful benchmark about investing an office and predicting changes of the sales price among market participants (e.g. policy maker, investor, landlord, tenant, user) in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

The city of Suwon has introduced a dockless bike for the first time in Korea. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted for citizens to suggest improvement through satisfaction analysis. As a result of the survey, 88 % of respondents awarded the presence of a bike, and 90 % answered positively in terms of bike policy; whereas mature civic ethics showed an low satisfaction. For the purpose of usage, approximately 75 % of users mainly used for commuting, business, shopping, and the connection with mass transit. In the result of the primary means of a trip, a private car was most preferred before operation; However, it was found that mode transition has been actively carried out. This suggests significant implications for implementing sustainable urbanism. Meanwhile, The level of satisfaction significantly differed in the field of payment method, charge, usage guidance and publicity by an occupation and age groups commonly. Satisfaction in bike maintenance was statistically differed by an occupation. Satisfaction in Rental-return and registration procedures showed differences by an age groups. The results of this study will contribute to establishment related policies and to more activate dockless shared bike.