• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) using methylphenidate (MPH). Methods : Retrospective review of the charts of 79 children and adolescents with ASDs, who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of Seoul National Hospital, from July 2010 to July 2011, was conducted. Changes in illness severity and improvement were measured using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity of illness (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) Scales. Results : We found that MPH was prescribed in 23 (29.1%) children and adolescents. Of the 23 patients on MPH, 4 patients (17.4%) were on MPH monotherapy and 18 patients (78.3%) were using risperidone concomitantly. MPH was prescribed primarily for symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ASDs patients. The mean dosage of MPH was $26.2{\pm}11.1$mg/day and mean duration of treatment was $31.9{\pm}28.7$ months. Mean CGI-S score improved significantly from baseline to endpoint (from $5.4{\pm}0.6$ to $4.1{\pm}0.9$ ; p<.01). MPH was reported to be effective in 17 patients (17/23, 73.9%), and 10 patients (10/23, 43.5%) reported side effects. Side effects included decreased appetite (4/23, 17.4%), tic (2/23, 8.6%), sleep disturbances (2/23, 8.6%), headache (1/23, 4.3%) and irritability (1/23, 4.3%). Conclusion : The results of this study demonstrate that MPH may be used effectively and safely in children and adolescents with ASDs with hyperactivity and impulsivity. Future controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study with 4-12 years of follow-up was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) between external-connection (EC) and internal-connection (IC) dental implants in posterior areas without periodontal or peri-implant disease on the adjacent teeth or implants. Additional factors influencing MBL were also evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study was performed using dental records and radiographic data obtained from patients who had undergone dental implant treatment in the posterior area from March 2006 to March 2007. All the implants that were included had follow-up periods of more than 4 years after loading and satisfied the implant success criteria, without any peri-implant or periodontal disease on the adjacent implants or teeth. They were divided into 2 groups: EC and IC. Subgroup comparisons were conducted according to splinting and the use of cement in the restorations. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between 2 groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons among more than 2 groups. Results: A total of 355 implants in 170 patients (206 EC and 149 IC) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this study. The mean MBL was 0.47 mm and 0.15 mm in the EC and IC implants, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Comparisons according to splinting (MBL of single implants: 0.34 mm, MBL of splinted implants: 0.31 mm, P=0.676) and cement use (MBL of cemented implants: 0.27 mm, MBL of non-cemented implants: 0.35 mm, P=0.178) showed no statistically significant differences in MBL, regardless of the implant connection type. Conclusions: IC implants showed a more favorable bone response regarding MBL in posterior areas without peri-implantitis or periodontal disease.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.503-513
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 생물학 가설 생성 중에 나타나는 과학적 감성 생성 과정을 밝히는 것이다. 먼저 예비연구를 통해 잠정적 모형을 구성하고, 사고 발성법 훈련 계획을 확정하고, 표준화된 면접지 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 8명의 대학생을 대상으로 사고 발성법과 회상적 면접법, 심층 면접을 이용한 삼각측정법으로 언어적 프로토콜과 행동 프로토콜을 수집하였다. 잠정적 모형을 근거를 선언적 지식과 절차적 지식의 분석틀을 개발하였고, 이 분석틀을 이용하여 부호화 프로토콜을 개발하였다. 부호화 프로토콜을 분석한 결과 과학적 감성 생성의 4가지 유형을 개발하였다. 첫 번째 생성 유형은 기본 과정으로서 인식하기 전에 먼저 느끼는 과정을 설명한다. 두 번째 생성 유형은 회상적 과정으로서 과거의 감성기억이 되살아나는 과정을 설명한다. 세 번째 생성 유형은 인지적 과정으로서 인지적 목표를 달성하기 위해 일어나는 일련의 사고 과정에서 생성되는 감성을 설명한다. 네 번째 생성 유형은 귀인 과정으로서 인지적 목표의 달성 여부에 대한 귀인평가 과정에서 생성되는 감성을 설명한다. 기본 과정에서 생성한 감성은 기본 감성이라 하고, 회상 과정에서 생성한 감성은 회상 감성이라 하고, 인지적 과정에서 생성한 감성은 인지적 감성이라 하고, 귀인 과정에서 생성한 감성은 귀인감성이라 한다. 개발된 과학적 감성 생성 과정 유형은 감성 생성 과정 모형 개발과 감성적 두뇌 기반 학습 전략 수립의 기초가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2009

구강 내 단일 치아를 상실한 경우 기존에는 고정성 보철물을 이용하여 수복하는 방법이 일반적이었지만, 최근에 와서는 임플란트를 이용하여 수복하는 것이 보편화되고 있다. 본 연구는 단일 치아 결손 시 $TiUnite^{TM}$ 표면 처리한 임플란트를 이용하여 수복한 경우를 후향적으로 조사하여 그 생존율을 분석한 것이다. 2002년 9월부터 2006년 12월까지 삼성서울병원에서 단일 치아 결손 부위에 식립된 총 269개의 $TiUnite^{TM}$ 표면 처리한 임플란트 중 21개는 인접한 임플란트가 있거나, 기록이 누락되거나 관찰 기간이 짧아 연구에서 제외되었다. 248개의 임플란트 중 상악에는 129개(52.0%) 하악에는 119개(48.0%) 식립되었다. 수술 부위에 치조골 재생술을 시행한 경우는 총 100개(40.3%)였으며, 상악동 거상술이 시행된 증례는 총 36개(14.5%)였다. 수술 당일부터 관찰 기간은 평균 $26.0{\pm}11.8$ 개월이었으며, 그 기간 동안 실패한 것으로 간주된 임플란트는 12개로 생존율은 95.2%였다. 그 중 상악에서 실패한 경우가 10개, 하악에서는 2개로 각각의 생존율은 92.2%, 98.3% 이다. 단일 치아 결손 시 $TiUnite^{TM}$ 표면 처리한 임플란트를 이용하여 수복한 경우 단기간 동안 높은 생존율을 보였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

목적: 이번 후향적 연구의 목적은 수압을 이용하는 방식을 변형한 방식인 S-reamer 와 겔 형태의 이식재를 이용한 상악동 거상술을 시행한 임플란트의 5년 이상 추적 관찰을 함으로써 성공률과 생존률을 조사하여 이 술식에 대한 평가를 하는데 있다. 재료 및 방법: 2008년에서 2014년까지 환자들을 추적 관찰하였다. 관찰된 환자는 59명이었고 식립 임플란트는 117개였다. 남성 34명, 여성 25명이고 연령대는 다양하였다. 잔존 수직 골의 골 량은 1 - 6 mm로 다양하였다. 상악동 거상술은 막의 천공없이 상악동을 천공하는데 S-reamer를 사용하였고 막을 거상하는데 겔 형태의 이식재를 사용하여 상악동 거상술을 시행하였다. 모든 임플란트는 거상과 동시에 식립하였고 5 - 6개월 치유 기간 후 보철물을 장착하였다. 방사선 검사는 추적 검사 할 때와 식립 후 바로 찍은 방사선 검사를 비교하였다 그리고 탐침을 통하여 화농여부, 염증여부, 출혈여부 등등 임상 검사를 통하여 검진 평가 하였다. Buser의 성공 기준을 참고하였고 모든 임플란트를 성공 임플란트, 생존 임플란트, 실패 임플란트로 분류하였다. 결과: 실패하여 제거한 임플란트는 5개였고 골 소실을 동반한 급성 염증 치료를 했거나 염증을 보인 임플란트가 4개였다. 생존율은 95.7%이고 성공률은 92.3%였다. 결론: S-reamer와 겔 형태의 이식재를 이용한 상악동 거상술이 1 - 6 mm 잔존 골이 있는 상황에서 막 천공이 없이 상악동을 거상할 수 있는 성공적인 술식임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1122-1135
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a clinical analysis of patients treated for dizziness with Jeoreongchajeonja-tang, evaluate the effect of Jeoreongchajeonja-tang administration, and present indications of Jeoreongchajeonja-tang in dizziness. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 63 patients who were admitted to the Oriental Hospital of Se-Myung University from August 2012 to June 2019, complaining of dizziness, so who took Jeoreongchajeonja-tang. Results: 1) As a result of the analysis of the general characteristics of patients who took Jeoreongchajeonja-tang with dizziness, women were 2.7 times more than men. The age distribution was: patients in their 70s, 36.5%; in their 50s, 20.6%; in their 60s, 15.8%; and in their 80s, 12.6%. Patients had a history of hypertension (46.0%), diabetes (22.2%), stroke (17.4%), lung disease (12.6%), and cancer (11.1%). According to the diagnosis, 48 patients (76.1%) were assigned to the peripheral dizziness group, 7 patients (11.1%) to the central dizziness group, and 8 patients (12.6%) to other dizziness groups. 2) Compared with the peripheral dizziness group, the central dizziness group was older, their history of hypertension 8.4 times greater, their history of stroke 7.8 times greater, and the duration of herbal medicine administration was longer. 3) The vertigo grade was significantly decreased after taking Jeoreongchajeonja-tang (p=0.000). 4) As age increased by one year, odds ratio of improvement in the vertigo grade decreased by 0.924 times after taking Jeoreongchajeonja-tang (p=0.010). 5) Sex, disease duration, past history, diagnosis, the duration of herbal medicine administration, whether or not Yanggyuksanhwa-tang was combined with the Jeoreongchajeonja-tang and whether or not Western medicine was used did not affect improvement in the vertigo grade after taking Jeoreongchajeonja-tang. Conclusions: In patients with dizziness, Jeoreongchajeonja-tang can be used as a treatment without side effects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

연구목적: 인류지질학적으로 동양인에게서 많이 발견되는 C-형 근관계를 가진 하악 제2대구치는 근관치료나 비외과적 재치료에 실패하는 경우 외과적 재치료 방법으로 의도적 재식술을 시행하게 되는데 그 성공률에 대한 보고가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 C-형 근관계를 가진 하악 제2대구치에 의도적 재식술을 시행한 환자의 기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 치료 결과에 따른 성공률을 확인할 뿐 아니라 치료전 존재하던 치근단 병소가 성공률에 영향을 미치는 바에 대하여 알아보는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 연구를 위해 2005년 1월부터 2007년 12월에 걸쳐 서울대학교치과병원 치과보존과에 내원하여 하악 제2대구치에 의도적 재식술을 받은 52명의 환자 기록을 조사하였으며 7개의 치아는 정기적인 내원검진 기록이 없어서 조사 대상에서 제외하였고 다른 6개의 치아는 C-형 근관계의 조건에 해당되지 않아 연구에서 제외하였다. 정기 내원후 시행한 임상 검사와 방사선 사진 기록을 후향적으로 검토하여 성공이나 불완전한 치유 또는 실패등의 치료 결과에 대하여 판단하였다. 결과: C-형 근관계를 가진 29개의 하악 제2대구치에 시행한 의도적 재식술의 성공률은 72.4%로 관찰되었으며 치료전 치근단 병소가 존재한 경우의 성공률은 치근단 병소가 없었던 경우와 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구결과 C-형 근관계를 가진 하악 제2대구치의 근관치료가 실패한 경우 시행하게 되는 의도적 재식술은 술전 병소의 존재 유무에 상관없이 치근단 수술의 성공률과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 치료라고 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.510-531
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the status of numeric rating scale (NRS) usage and suggest the potential for use in multicenter retrospective studies of various diseases. Methods: Articles published from 2011 to 2021 that used the keywords "NRS", "Multi-center", and "RCT" were identified in foreign databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL. The articles were analyzed according to their use of "NRS" by symptoms and by disease group using the major classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7). Results: Classification by symptom in a total of 288 articles illustrates that the NRS was not only commonly used in pain evaluation but also for non-pain symptoms. In usage with non-pain symptoms, chief complaint of patients was the most common at 79%, and other factors included treatment satisfaction, evaluation of daily life, and sleep quality. In disease classification according to the KCD-7, the NRS was commonly used in connection with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases but was also utilized in various other disease groups. Conclusions: This study confirms usage of the NRS in multi-center RCTs, as the NRS was widely used in all types of diseases and symptoms. Considering the result and the advantages of the NRS, it is recommended for use as a daily evaluation tool for the collection of common data in multicenter retrospective studies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2005

Condylar process of mandible, has the specialized anatomic structure compared with any other body structure, acts directly in connection with mastication and speech and so on. In general, mandibular condyle fractures have been managed by two methods as open and closed reduction. But, there are no reasonable consensus about the proper management of this injury. This study was designed for analysis of the prognosis of two methods of treatment, open and closed reduction, with positional change of fractured condyle and complications within 6 months post-intermaxillary fixation period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 patients whose unilateral mandibular condyle fractures were treated by open or closed reduction in our department. The horizontal, sagittal, and coronal change of the condyle was examined using modified Towne's and panoramic radiographs before intermaxillary fixation(IMF), immediately after IMF, and at 6 months after IMF. Patients, whose mandibular condyle fractures were treated by closed reduction, had significantly shorter ramus height on the side of injury(P<0.05). But, fractured condylar fragments were displaced insignificantly with aspect to sagittal and coronal plane(P>0.05). The level of the fracture influenced the ramus length and the degree of coronal change in the closed reduction group(P<0.05). There was no significant correlation among the level of the fracture, treatment methods and complications(P>0.05). From the results obtained in this study, fractured mandibular condyles, were treated by closed reduction, had a tendency that continuous condylar displacement was occurred with aspect to horozontal and coronal plane in treatment period including intermaxillary fixation. And then there was a correlation between the level of the fracture and the position change in close reduction group statistically. These result suggested that care must be taken in basing treatment decisions on the degree of displacement of the condyle and in treating the mandibular condyle fractures for a long time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2012

Background: Patients' demographics, presenting clinical and histopathological features for colo-rectal cancer (CRC) are important factors for patients' outcome and disease prognosis. This study aimed to describe the pattern of CRC in terms of patients' demographics, main presenting symptoms and histopathological features in Al Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective hospital records-based study which included reviewing of patients' records diagnosed with CRC at three general hospitals in Al Hassa region, Saudi Arabia. A compilation form was designed to collect information regarding socio-demographics, age at diagnosis; referral sites and the main presentations at CRC diagnosis. sites and the main presentations at CRC diagnosis. Histopathological reports were reviewed to delineate the main cytopathologic features, prominent cytological characteristics, the presence of predisposing pathology, and disease stage. Results: Of the 142 cases with CRC, 15.5% and 33.1% were affected before 40 and 50 years of age respectively. Emergency rooms were main referral sites for CRC cases (31.0%). Right colon was affected in 16.9% while left colonic lesions accounted for 62.7%. Intestinal obstruction was the main presentations (41.5%), and 26.1% presented with symptoms indicating distant metastastic lesions. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant pathological lesions (86.6%). Metastastic CRC was diagnosed in 62.7%. Duke's staging showed that 22.5% and 40.1% of lesions were classified into C and D categories respectively. Conclusion: Saudi patients with CRC present late with distant metastasis, and advanced disease stage. A sizeable proportion of patients developed the lesions at relatively young age. Screening recommendations should be enacted and revised in response to current change with younger age of affection.