• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2022

In the past, interest in air pollution was concentrated on greenhouse gases, but in recent years, interest in fine dust has been increasing. The media and environmental organizations continue to emphasize air pollution caused by fine dust. The awareness of fine dust is increasing, and air pollution generated at ports is analyzed to be serious as a domestic factor excluding foreign inflows. Recognizing this, in order to reduce air pollution generated at ports, special laws on improving air quality, such as port areas, have been enacted in Korea, and attempts are being made to curb air pollution caused by ports. In this law, it is a policy that regulates air pollutants generated not only by ships but also throughout ports such as vehicles and unloading machines, and representative are ECA, VSR, and AMP. This study attempted to analyze the effects of these eco-friendly policies at Incheon Port. First of all, a study was conducted to calculate emissions assuming that there was no policy, analyze each policy, and finally calculate and compare actual emissions reflecting all policies. The methodology presented by the European Environmental Administration and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was used, and pollutants to be analyzed were analyzed for sulfur oxides (SO_X), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), total floating substances (TSP), fine dust and ultrafine dust (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) and ammonia (NH₃). As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed that the actual emission reflecting all policies was about 4,097 tons/year, which had an emission reduction effect of about 760 tons/year compared to about 4,857 tons/year when the policy was not reflected. When the effects of each policy were analyzed individually, it was found that ECA 4,111 tons/year, VSR 4,854 tons/year, and AMP 4,843 tons of air pollutant emissions occurred The results of this study can be used as basic data and evidence for policy establishment related to the atmospheric environment at Incheon Port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2022

The change in the management environment of the logistics industry in the era of global competition is becoming an era in which customers choose companies. Differentiation from competitors through the provision of products and services suitable for customers As customers' choices change depending on their superiority, companies are constantly striving to receive or retain customers' choices. Ultimately, this competitive structure can be seen as the importance of long-term relationship building. Therefore, in this study, we examined how factors related to transaction characteristics performed by logistics companies for customer satisfaction in the transaction relationship between cargo companies and shippers affect performance and long-term transaction intentions. First, we derived the factors of logistics service, cost, logistics infrastructure, and company competency, which are transaction characteristics factors of a logistics company that must be specifically realized for customer satisfaction in transactions between logistics companies. Second, we analyzed how the transaction characteristics factors of a logistics company affect the company's performance, and finally, how the company's performance factors affect long-term transaction intentions. As a result of empirical analysis, there were no statistically significant results on the relationship between transaction characteristics and performance of logistics companies, which can be attributed to the small size of the logistics companies that were the sample. In other words, logistics companies that do not have sufficient capacity to provide services at low prices have no choice but to engage in constant bleeding competition. It can be seen that it reflects the characteristics of the industry. On the other hand, the relationship between corporate performance factors and long-term transaction intention was found to have a positive relationship. The higher the level of partnership with logistics companies and visible financial performance is, the higher the transaction will be in the future, and the more the transaction volume will be gradually increased. And even if it costs a little more, it can be seen that the intention to continue trading is greatly expressed.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.103-125
• /
• 2022

This study aims to identify the community characteristics of meiofauna inhabiting the Yellow Sea continental shelf. To this end an annual survey was conducted considering the seasons from 2018 to 2020 at 13 stations with a depth of 18~90 m of the Yellow Sea located at latitudes 35, 36 and 37 degrees north latitude. The survey was conducted in three seasons of spring, summer, and autumn at 5 stations in October 2018, 9 stations in April 2019, and 6 stations in August 2020 was used to collect 3 repetitions at each station. The habitat density of meiobenthos in the surveyed area was in the range of 45~1029 inds./10 cm², which was similar to the previous studies conducted in the Yellow Sea. The density of meiobenthos according to the seasons was 800±69 inds./10 cm² in autumn, the highest, and the lowest at 260±48 inds./10 cm² in summer. A total of 19 taxa appeared in meiobenthos, and the average value showed the number of nine taxa. Among the appearing taxa, the most dominant taxon was nematodes, accounting for 80.8% of the total density, followed by benthic copepods (8.8%) and benthic foraminifers (4.7%). As for the size distribution of medium benthic animals, the density of organisms corresponding to the size of 63~125 ㎛ was the highest, and 1~0.5 mm was the lowest. As for the vertical distribution in the sediments of medium benthic animals, the habitat density gradually decreased as the depth increased in the sediment surface layer. As a result of analysis of the N/C ratio, MPI, and ITD index using medium-sized benthic animals to identify the benthic environment, there were differences by season, but no values indicating pollution overall.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.11
• /
• pp.1028-1036
• /
• 2021

Firefly luciferase (FLuc) can function as an efficient marker in the gene and viral therapies. Nonetheless, its clinical translation has been unaccomplished with the concerns on its exogenous nature and the similarity with human fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. In this study, we aimed to show safety of FLuc by conducting a set of preclinical experiments and a human use. Initially, FLuc permeability across the plasma membrane was investigated by delivering the FLuc-carrying viral vector, OTS-412, or the FLuc recombinant protein. After in vitro infection of OTS-412 into different cancer cell lines, FLuc activity was detected only in the cell lysates, but not in culture media. In addition, recombinant FLuc protein further showed the impermeability against the plasma membrane. Similar result was also observed in the in vivo experiment. After being injected into the VX2 tumor-bearing rabbit, the FLuc exclusively resided within the tumor tissue without being detected in the blood plasma or other organs. Human cancer cell lines originated from various organs were lysed and treated to the FLuc, and none of the human substrates was reactive against the FLuc. As a final step, FLuc recombinant protein was intravenously injected into a human. The luciferase was degraded with the half-life of 20 to 30 minutes in blood, and was untraceable from 1.5 hr after the injection. In addition, the blood plasma was nonresponsive against the fatty acids. Hematological analysis was also comparable between the pre- and post-injection. Altogether, our study collectively demonstrates the safety of the firefly luciferase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2021

This study considered Forest Specialists, who are nurtured by the legal system through the analysis of laws and regulations under the jurisdiction of the Korea Forest Service. In particular, the transition process of forest-related laws and laws to train forest specialists were identified. In addition, changes and characteristics regarding the cultivation of professional forestry talents according to forestry policy were investigated. As a result, it was found that Forest Specialist on policy dealt with forestry success for forestry promotion, and forestry engineers dealt with technical skills for forestry industry development. In addition, according to the revision of the laws for the sustainable use of timber, wood-structural engineers, timber grade evaluators, and timber education specialists are trained separately. Forest Specialists concerned with forest welfare policies were found to train forest experts and complete specialized training courses to provide various services for forest cultural and recreation facilities, healing forests, and forest leisure sports facilities. There is an instructor for forest leisure sports. Forest welfare experts are divided into forest education experts and forest healing instructors; forest education specialists are further divided into forest interpreters, forest guides for children, and forest trekking guides. Forest Specialists on forest protection policy were found to train arboretum and garden experts for the efficient management and exhibition of arboretums. Gardens and tree doctors and tree treatment technicians for arboretums wer also trained. A tree doctor and a tree treatment technician were found to have the necessary qualifications to run a tree hospital business, diagnosing and treating tree damage. Therefore, it is thought that the Korea Forest Service is nurturing Forest Specialists with technical capabilities for forestry promotion, forest industry development, and tree treatment; and the Forest Specialists can provide education and welfare services at culture, recreation, treatment, and conservation sites in forests.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2022

In this research, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and skin whitening properties of pulp and seed extracts of passion fruit were studied. The result of the primary skin irritation test using a skin-attached patch determined the skin irritation index to be 0.00 for the passion fruit extract. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages produce NO by stimulation of lipopolysaccharides, and the application of extracts to this resulted in significantly lower NOs, confirming the excellent anti-inflammatory properties of passion fruit extracts. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test further confirmed that the passion fruit extract exhibits a good 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical scavenging ability of 5.11% and strong antioxidant properties. The presence of collagen type I in the skin is a measure of aging and various skin diseases. The results obtained from the analysis of the activity of human procollagen I alpha 1 confirmed that the passion fruit extract reduces the synthesis of procollagen. In addition, the skin whitening property of the passion fruit extract was confirmed by the melanin inhibition test, and a sample was obtained that contained more than 2% of arbutin, a whitening agent approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, which is generally present in the form of a white powder and is used as a functional ingredient. This confirms that the whitening efficacy of the passion fruit extract obtained from nature contributes to the development of functional raw materials for cosmetics and food.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.579-593
• /
• 2021

In order to understand the types of vegetation in warm temperate-climate zones, vegetation was investigated in several island areas in Jeollanam-do (Jindo, Wando, Gangjin, Goheung, and Yeosu). The evaluation standard for degraded level of warm temperate forests were proposed based on the importance percentage (IP) in canopy layer of the evergreen broad-leaf forests and the number of arboreal evergreen broad-leaf species. Through these measurements, the restoration types and techniques for each degraded level were estimated, and it is intended to be used in establishing restoration plans for the southwest coast island area. The vegetation was analyzed using the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) method using survey data of 307 plots. As a result, it was divided into 8 communities, and the appearance characteristics of evergreen broad-leaf species were identified in each community. Community I was located on the lower slope at an altitude of 86.6 m, and Neolitsea sericea and Castanopsis sieboldii were dominant. Communities II and III were the vegetation types that appear on the coast below an altitude of 10.5 to 22.5 m, and Machilus thunbergii, Cinnamomum japonicum, N. sericea, and C. sieboldii were dominant. Communities IV and V were vegetation types that appeared in the lower and middle slops between the altitudes of 71.9 to 153.4m, and C. sieboldii was dominant. In community VI, the N. sericea was dominant in the lower and middle slops at an altitude of 166.9 m. The last communities VII and VIII were the vegetation types that appeared on the middle slop at an altitude of 187.8 to 246.2 m. Also, Quercus acuta and Q. salicina were present. In summary, the evergreen broad-leaf forests dominated by M. thunbergii, C. japonicum, and N. sericea appeared mainly in the coastal areas of the lowlands. The community of C. sieboldii was distributed higher inland than this community. The communities that appeared mainly in the inland highlands at levels above these two communities were Q. acuta and Q. salicina. The degraded level was classified as 0 to V, according to the IP of arboreal evergreen broad-leaf species and the number of arboreal evergreen broad-leaf species. According to the degraded level, the restoration types (preservation, induction, improvement, creation) and the restoration techniques were determined.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.71
• /
• pp.181-210
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the research trends related to the children's department of church schools. The purpose of this study is to present basic data for the study of the children's department of church schools by analyzing the research period, research contents, research methods, and subjects of research related to the children's department of church schools. For this study, 50 domestic master's and doctoral dissertations searched through the National Assembly Library and the Research Information Sharing Service(RISS) were extracted with the keywords of 'church school' and 'children's department'. The frequency and percentage were calculated by analyzing the research related to the children's department of the church school according to four criteria: research period, research content, research method, and research subject. As a result of the study, first, the research trend of research papers in the children's department of church schools was found to be 49 articles (98%) for master's degrees and 1 article (2%) for doctoral degrees from 1980 to 2022. Trends by research period are focused on master's degrees. Second, the trend by research content was 27 practical studies (54%) and 23 theory studies (46%). In the research related to the children's department of church schools, the practical research accounted for a relatively high percentage compared to the theory research. Third, the trends by research method were in the order of 30 literature studies (60%), 19 quantitative studies (38%), and 1 qualitative study (2%). Research related to children's departments in church schools is being actively conducted with a focus on literature research. Fourth, as for the trends by study subject, the study was conducted focusing on physical subjects, with 35 subjects (70%) and 15 subjects (30%) of personal subjects. As research is conducted from physical objects to church schools and media, it is necessary to study the connection between church schools and families. As the research on church school kindergarten is focused on adults (teachers, parents, and educational preachers), in-depth research on children in church schools and qualitative research with voices from the field of children's department in church schools are required.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.71
• /
• pp.277-303
• /
• 2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic, which began in 2020, has led to many changes in the Korean church. It created a situation in which not only the change and form of worship time, but also the definition, direction, and philosophy of ministry had to be re-established. In the early days of COVID-19 Pandemic, the Korean church recognized this as a crisis, but gradually regarded these as opportunities and tried to produce positive results. The Department of Education has also undergone many changes, especially in its summer ministry, and is expected to have undergone more dramatic changes in form, location and method than in any other church event or service. However, no accurate data on this has been collected. Accordingly, Mirae with Dreams (CEO: Pastor Kim Eun-ho), a corporation established by the Oryun Church for the next generation of ministry, conducted a survey on the summer ministry of the Korean church, which has been registered as a future member with dreams every year since 2020 when the COVID-19 fan dummy began. A similar survey was conducted in 2022 following 2021, and 260 churches responded, and the results are as follows. In 2022, the summer ministry of the Ministry of Education of the Korean Church returned to the form before the COVID-19 Pandemic. Unlike 2021, when many of them were held online, more than 81 percent said they had conducted summer camps offline, and 31 percent also conducted or attended outdoor camps. In terms of the importance of roles, when online was also the main focus, parents and teachers were equally viewed or emphasized, while in this summer's survey, 90 percent of respondents said that the role of teachers in charge or department was important. Summer events were mainly summer Bible schools and retreats, but 25% of all respondents said they conducted missionary work and evangelism at home and abroad. Compared to 2021, participation in summer camps has increased in all departments, including infant and kindergarten, elementary and middle school, and especially in infant and middle school. While preparing for the summer camp, most of the respondents said that the focus was on content and topics, and the main focus was on children's accessibility compared to 2021. As a result of synthesizing the description of the reason for the respondents who could not conduct the summer camp, about 40% said they could not conduct the summer camp due to a lack of volunteers. This is more than 30% who pointed out COVID-19 as the cause, which can be seen as an urgent problem to be solved at the Korean church and denomination level. In addition, this paper also mentioned detailed changes in each question, referring to the changes in summer camps from 2020 to 2022.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.399-409
• /
• 2021

In order to utilize dolomite as a calcium/magnesium compound material, it was prepared highly reactive calcined dolomite(CaO·MgO) using a microwave kiln (950 ℃, 60 min). The experiment was performed according to the standard of the hydration test (ASTM C 110) and hydration reactivity was analyzed as medium reactivity (max 74.1 ℃, 5 min). Experiments were performed with calcined dolomite and salt (MgCl₂·6H₂O) (a) 1:1, (b) 1:1.5, and (c) 1:2 wt% based on the hydration reaction of calcined dolomite. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that MgO of calcined dolomite increased to Mg(OH)₂ as the salt addition ratio increased. After the separating reaction, calcium was stirred at 80 ℃, 24 hr that produced CaCl₂ of white crystal. XRD results, it was confirmed calcium chloride hydrate (CaCl₂·(H₂O)x) and CaO of calcined dolomite and salt additional reaction was separated into CaCl₂. And it was synthesized with Ca(OH)₂ 99 wt% by NaOH adding reaction to the CaCl₂ solution, and the synthesized Ca(OH)₂ was manufactured CaO through the heat treatment process. In order to prepare calcium carbonate, CaCO₃ was synthesized by adding Na₂CO₃ to CaCl₂ solution, and the shape was analyzed in cubic form with a purity of 99 wt%.