• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2013

2011년 12월부터 2012년 12월까지 수수미꾸리의 생식주기를 생식소중량지수와 조직학적 방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 수수미꾸리 암컷과 수컷의 생식주기는 성숙기 (growing phase, 11~이듬해 3월), 산란기 (spawning phase, 4~5월), 퇴화기 (degeneration phase, 5~6월), 휴지기 (resting phase, 6~11월) 등 4단계로 구분되었다. 암컷과 수컷의 최적 수온이 $12.7^{\circ}C$, 일장시간이 13시간 이상으로 증가하기 시작하는 4월에서 5월 사이인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 조직학적 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2009

Maturity and spawning of the atka mackerel, Pleurogrammus azonus, was investigated based on the samples collected by gill net and set net in the East Sea from January 2006 to March 2009. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in October, and reached a maximum between November and December. After spawning GSI began to decrease from January. The spawning period was from October to January, and main spawning period was from November to December. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into five successive stages in females; early growing stage (June), late growing stage (July to August), mature stage (September to October), ripe and spent stage (November to January), and recovery and resting stage (January to May). Males showed four successive stages: growing stage (June to August), mature stage (September to October), ripe and spent stage (October to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to May). P. azonus could be one of polycyclic species spawning two times or more during one spawning season. Number of total and mature eggs in the fecundity were proportional to fork length. The fork length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 26.9 cm.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.302-308
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• 1998

1995년 8월부터 1996년 7월까지 제주도 남제주군 대포리 연안에서 채집한 보라성게의 연령형질 (생식판)로서 성장을 규명한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생식판 (madreporite)에 나타나는 윤문은 2세에서 6세군까지 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. 2. 각장 (test diameter : TD)과 생식판경 (radius : R)과의 관계식은 다음과 같았다. TD= 22.58R-6.01 (r=0.960) 3. 월별 연변성장율 ($MGR\;:\;(R-r_n)/(r_n-r_{n-1})$)조사에서 추정한 윤문형성시기는 3월에서 5월 사이였다. 4. 각장조성의 월별 성장 경향은 12월에서 이듬해 3월 사이가 주 성장기였고, 4월에서 6월 사이는 성장의 휴지기, 그 외의 기간은 아주 완만한 성장을 하였다. 5. Bertalanffy식이 Gompertz식과 Logistic식보다 잔차 평방합이 적었고, 그 성장식은 다음과 같았다. $$L_t=46.65 (1-e^{-0.283(t+9.210)})$$, $$W_t=44.90 (1-e^{-0.283(t+9.210)})^3$$

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2010

Maturity and spawning of the snailfish, Liparis ochotensis was investigated based on samples collected by gill net in the East Sea of Korea from December 2008 to December 2009. The average total length of L. ochotensis was 63.4 cm and 64.1 cm for females and males, respectively. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in July, reaching a maximum in November, then began to decrease in December. Monthly changes in the GSI values of L. ochotensis were similar for females and males. Annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (May), late growing stage (June to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Males show four successive stages; growing stage (May to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Relationship between total length (TL) and fecundity (F) was F=$0.00003TL^{4.002}$ ($R^2$ = 0.703), and F increased with TL. Total length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 55.8 cm. Our findings suggest that the spawning period takes place from September to December, with the main spawning period occurring from October to December.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.606-617
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• 1986

During the period from November 1981 through June 1986, 18 cases of coronary arterial bypass graft were performed at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. They consisted of 13 males and 5 females with the mean age of 49 [range: 28-69 years]. History of myocardial infarction was noted in 50% of the patients and cardiomegaly on chest PA in 2 patients with preserved LV function. On resting EKG, except the evidences of old myocardial infarction, the findings of LVH were noted in 7 cases, acute myocardial infarction in 2, diffuse myocardial ischemia in 1, and significant ventricular arrhythmia in 2 cases. The angina by type of presentation is stable in 3 patients, unstable in 15 patients with resting, postinfarction and progressive angina as the criteria of unstability. The patterns of involvement of significant disease were single vessel involvement [5 cases] double vessel involvement [8 cases], and triple vessel involvement [5 cases] including 5 cases of left main coronary arterial diseases. The pattern of coronary arterial disease in individual patient was one or more stenosis of the proximal left coronary arterial system with or without right coronary involvement, in every case. We performed 9 cases of double bypass and 9 cases of triple bypass with great saphenous vein using single anastomosis technique except in 4 cases, One of the 4 cases is our first case, sequential anastomosis between LAD and diagonal was performed due to shortage of the prepared vein graft. In the other 3 cases, our latest experience, we adopted the left internal mammary artery for the left anterior descending coronary revascularization. The distribution of sites of distal anastomosis revealed more striking predilection to LAD, showing our attention on the significance of the revascularization of LAD system. The ischemic time was 35 minutes per graft and mean number of grafts per patient was 2.5. Of the 18 patients, 13 [77.2%] had complete revascularization, and incomplete in 5 cases with the causes of incompleteness as presented. The early results of operation were as followed: surgical death in 2 [11%], perioperative infarction 2 [11%], need of inotropic support 5 [28%], arrhythmia 2 [11%], wound problem, bleeding, and emotional dysfunction. The actuarial anginal free survival during the period of 6 months through 2 years was 85.2% with excellent symptomatic control according to the angina classification of Canadian Cardiovascular Society.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2008

The object of this study is to investigate the effects of intermittent cyclic stretching on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) seeded onto aligned multi-layered fibrous scaffold. To make multi-layered fibrous scaffold, polyurethane (PU) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were electrospun alternatively, then were immersed into distilled water to extract PEO. Various types of scaffolds were fabricated depending on fiber directions, i.e., aligned or randomly oriented. The direction of stretching was either parallel or vertical to the fiber direction for the aligned scaffolds. The stretching was also applied to the randomly aligned scaffolds. The duration of stretching was 2 min with 15 min resting period. During the stretching, the maximum and minimum strain was adjusted to be 10 and 7%, respectively with the frequency of 1 Hz. The bioactivities of cells on the scaffolds were assessed by quantifying DNA, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels. And the cell morphology was observed by staining F-actin. SMCs under parallel stretching to the fiber direction responded more positively than those in other conditions. From the results, we could explain the morphological effect of a substrate on cellular activities. In addition the synergistic effects of substrate and mechanical stimuli effects were confirmed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2018

Significant research efforts were undertaken to evaluate seismic performance of vertically irregular buildings on flat ground. However, there is scarcity of study on seismic performance of buildings on hill slopes. The present study attempts to investigate seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete irregular stepback building frames with different configurations on sloping ground. Based on extensive regression study of free vibration results of four hundred seventeen frames with varying ground slope, number of story and span number, a modification is proposed to the code based empirical fundamental time period estimation formula. The modification to the fundamental time period estimation formula is a simplified function of ground slope and a newly introduced equivalent height parameter to reflect the effect of stiffness and mass irregularity. The derived empirical formula is successfully validated with various combinations of slope and framing configurations of buildings. The correlation between the predicted and the actual time period obtained from the free vibration analysis results are in good agreement. The various statistical parameters e.g., the root mean square error, coefficient of determination, standard average error generally used for validation of such regression equations also ensure the prediction capability of the proposed empirical relation with reasonable accuracy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.846-849
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• 1994

Extra-anatomic bypass is indicated for the limb salvage of patients with threatened limb loss especially those who have high risk of infection and death after general anesthesia. We did extra-anatomic bypass procedure nineteen times over a seven year, two month period on sixteen patients. Their mean follow up period was 41.3 months. Male to female ratio was 7:1. Major complaints were resting pain[36.8%], claudication[31.6%], cyanosis[15.8%] and ulcerative change[15.8%]. Associated diseases were hypertension, tuberculosis, chronic renal failure, atrial fibrillation, complete heart block and laryngeal cancer. Postoperative patency rates were 76.9% at 1 year, 72.7% at 2 years and 70% at 3 years. Limb salvage rate was 78.9%. Postoperative mortality rate was 10.5%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1348-1353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes and readjustment capacity in the hematological characteristics of the horse during and after a prolonged training program. One pony and two hot-blooded horses were used in this study. Resting or basal blood parameters were assessed by collecting blood samples of the animals for 1 to 2 months prior to start of the training program. Each animal was subjected to arbitrary exercise for 30 min by an automatic hot trotter and was bled at 0, 15, 30, 45 (15 min of recovery), 60 (30 min of recovery), and 75 min (45 min of recovery) after onset of exercise. All animals were exercised 3 times a week over a fivemonth period. Hematological parameters including average white blood cell counts (WBC, ${\times}$$10^3$/$\mu$l), erythrocyte concentrations (RBC, ${\times}$$10^6$/$\mu$l), hematocrit (HCT, %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fl), number of platelets (PLT, ${\times}$$10^4$/$\mu$l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb, g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH, pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g/dl) were analyzed using an automatic cell counter. All animals showed that RBC, WBC, and HCT were significantly (p<0.05) increasing from 7.09, 8.55, and 43.5 to 8.11, 9.67, and 49.5, respectively, during the 30 min of exercise and were back to or lower than the initial basis (resting and 0 min) 30 min after exercise. However, no significant differences were detected in MCV (50.3-51.3 fl), MCH (17.2-17.4 pg), and MCHC (33.7-34.4 g/dl) values (p>0.05) regardless of the training periods. Similar trends were observed after 1, 3, 4, and 5 months of training when compared to the resting state. When these parameters were analyzed by the effect of training periods (month), mean WBC concentrations significantly reduced in the fourth and fifth month after onset of training compared to that in resting condition or the first month of training program (p<0.05). The RBC values elevated at the second month (9.40) and reaching a significantly low level (p<0.001) at the fifth month (8.62) after training compared to the first month of training (7.89). In conclusion, a mild training program enhances blood parameters gradually in both the horse and the pony. Therefore, an optimized training program is beneficial in promoting the endurance performance of the horse.