• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2017

The road network system of major domestic urban areas such as city of Seoul was rapidly developed and regionally expanded. In addition, many kinds of life-lines such as electrical cables, telephone cables, water&sewerage lines, heat&cold conduits and gas lines were needed in order for urban residents to live comfortably. Therefore, most of the life-lines were individually buried in underground and individually managed. The utility tunnel is defined as the urban planning facilities for commonly installing life-lines in the National Land Planning Act. Expectation effectiveness of urban utility tunnels is reducing repeated excavation of roads, improvement of urban landscape; road pavement durability; driving performance and traffic flow. It can also be expected that ensuring disaster safety for earthquakes and sinkholes, smart-grind and electric vehicle supply, rapid response to changes in future living environment and etc. Therefore, necessity of urban utility tunnels has recently increased. However, all of the constructed utility tunnels are cut-and-cover tunnels domestically, which is included in development of new-town areas. Since urban areas can not accommodate all buried life-lines, it is necessary to study the feasibility assessment system for utility tunnel by urban patterns and capacity optimization for urban utility tunnels. In this study, we break away from the new-town utility tunnels and suggest a quantitative assessment model based on the evaluation index for urban areas. In addition, we also develop a program that can implement a quantitative evaluation system by subdividing the feasibility assessment system of urban patterns. Ultimately, this study can contribute to be activated the urban utility tunnel.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.407-416
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• 2020

North Korea's demand for infrastructure construction and maintenance is growing rapidly. On the other hand, the number of skilled workers is insufficient. Therefore, through a survey of North Korean defectors, this study analyzed the status of construction technology and the difficulties of construction workers. In addition, an attempt was made to derive an appropriate education and training program process and operation plan. As a result of the survey, the reason for the low technical level of construction workers was the lack of skills, lack of motivation to work, and the lack of training and management systems. The appropriate education and training period was 56% of the total response within one year and 36% within six months. Based on the results of this survey, the period of education and training for the rapid training of construction technical personnel in North Korea was adopted as one year. Moreover, compared to the NCS standard in South Korea, appropriate training hours were suggested, excluding training courses, such as planning and design, construction management that require specialized knowledge. Finally, the curriculum corresponding to the education and training courses and the standards for facility names and required areas for facility operation were suggested.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

This study examined the activity of the simulated training scenarios and special rescue crew assuming a chemical accident inside the building. To improve the response ability and safety of rescue personnel in the event of a chemical accident, a total of eight stages of simulated training scenarios were conducted and the activity was measured. As a result of the activity measurement according to the simulation training scenario, the average maximum heart rate of the rescuers was the highest at 177.50 ppm in the 4^th stage, and then 176.67 ppm for the 5^th step, 171.17 ppm for the 2^nd step, 169.33 ppm for the 3^rd step, 162.17 ppm for the 6^th step, 159.58 ppm for the 7^th step, 148.75 ppm for the 8^th step, and 139.33 ppm for the 1^st step. The mean maximum respiratory rate was the highest at 38.17 rpm in the 4^th stage, followed by 37.58 rpm in the 5^th stage, 32.00 rpm in the 6^th stage, 31.58 ppm in the 7^th stage, 31.33 rpm in the 3^rd stage, 31.08 rpm in the 2^nd stage, and 28.00 rpm in the 8^th stage. The 1^st stage was 22.67 rpm. In addition, body water reduction measurements were reduced by up to 0.7 g due to the training intensity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

Occupational safety and health management expense in construction industry means the monetary amount that the purchaser appropriates to prevent various disaster from happening during the construction period by setting aside a certain amount from subcontract based on the construction type and scale. The current appropriation standard of the Ministry of Employment and Labor has been enforced since its stipulation in 1988 although various policy changes for the safety in construction industry, e.g. the development of occupational safety management techniques in construction industry, changes in construction field site environment, cost depreciation, etc., are happening in Korea and overseas. Therefore, it is required at this point to examine whether the current occupational safety and health management expense appropriation is proper or not on the basis of time trend and the changes in the construction industry environment. Accordingly, this study aims at investigating the appropriation of occupational safety and health management expense for construction industry by the construction type and target expense in response to current construction industry environment and proposing the proper appropriation. The above research result proposes the calibration of the appropriation as specified and stipulated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor by the construction type and target expense, which is necessary to reflect the actual condition of the current construction industry environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.159-172
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• 2020

Social networking services (SNS) are developing significantly with the Internet and smartphones. It's a friendly social media, but if you think deeply about it, you'll find that it has a variety of faces. It is a communication tool between users, a medium for delivering information, an infrastructure for providing applications, and a community where people with common interests gather. In recent years, business tools, shopping and payment methods are also being swallowed. The influence of the spread of SNS on the real world is also expanding, and the work being dealt with from a sociological perspective is also increasing. Also, if you pay attention to the technical aspects of SNS, it is composed of various technical elements, such as infrastructure that handles large-scale access, user interface that supports comfortable use, and big data analysis to understand people's behavior more deeply. However, I usually use it as usual. However, if you look through SNS, you can see that the situation is surprisingly profound and multifaceted. This study began by looking at the history and current status of SNS and attempted to find its status through comparison with other media. From the point of view of relationship with society, it can be a risk and legal issue when using SNS, such as crimes using bad social media or social media. It is also necessary to comment on the activities on SNS or the guidelines established by the operators. Therefore, various legal issues on SNS will be discussed. Also, as an example of using SNS, I will introduce an example of using SNS in disaster response. From a more technical point of view, you will receive commentary on SNS's network-based technology and SNS's information use, and these articles will help you understand and use SNS safely and help you further utilize or develop SNS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2021

The frequency by water disaster in urban areas are increasing continuously due to climate change and urbanization. Countermeasures are being conducted to reduce the damage caused by water disasters. An analysis based on permeability, one of the parameters that affect runoff, is needed to predict quantitative runoff in urban watersheds and study runoff reduction. In this study, the SWAT model was simulated for the oncheon stream basin, a representative urban stream in Busan. The permeability map was prepared by calculating the CN values for each hydrologic response unit. Based on the permeability map prepared, EPA SWMM analyzed the effect of LID technology application on the water cycle in the basin for short-term rainfall events. The LID element technology applied to the oncheon stream basin was rooftop greening in the residential complex, and waterproof packaging was installed on the road. The land cover status of the land selected based on the permeability map and the application of LID technology reduced the outflow rate, peak flow rate, and outflow rate and increased the infiltration. Hence, LID technology has a positive effect on the water cycle in an urban basin.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.80-91
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study quantitatively investigates the experience of unmet healthcare service utilization by rural populations in vulnerable areas during the COVID-19 pandemic based on Andersen's behavior model. At the same time, this study attempts to describe the experiences of unmet healthcare service utilization among participants in vulnerable rural areas by analyzing qualitative contents through open-ended question. Methods: Data were collected from October to November 2022 using Qualtrix, a web-based survey platform. A total of 863 participants completed an online survey. Quantitative data were analyzed using 𝑥² test and logistic regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The factors affecting participants' unmet healthcare service utilization were type of residential area and underlying disease. The qualitative analysis identified; four categories and nine sub-categories. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop a disaster nursing response model according to the type of residential areas and the number of people.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.519-528
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• 2016

Frequently torrential rain is occurred by climate change and urbanization. Urban is formed with road, residential and underground area. Without detailed topographic flooded analysis consideration can take a result which are wrong flooded depth and flooded area. Especially, flood analysis error of population and assets in dense downtown is causing a big problem for establishments and disaster response of flood measures. It can lead to casualties and property damage. Urban flood analysis is divided into sewer flow analysis and surface inundation analysis. Accuracy is very important point of these analysis. In this study, to confirm the effects of the elevation data precision in the process of flooded analysis were studied using 10m DEM, LiDAR data and 1:1,000 digital map. Study area is Dorim-stream basin in the Darim drainage basin, Sinrim 3 drainage basin, Sinrim 4 drainage basin. Flooding simulation through 2010's heavy rain by using XP-SWMM. Result, from 10m DEM, shows wrong flood depth which is more than 1m. In particular, some of the overflow manhole is not seen occurrence. Accordingly, detailed surface data is very important factor and it should be very careful when using the 10m DEM.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2001

The purpose of this review is to discuss the debate concerning the interpretation of epidemiologic studies on particles and health effects. Study of the 1952 air pollution disaster in London established that very high levels of particulate-based smog can cause dramatic increases in daily mortality. However, recent epidemiologic studies have reported statistically significant health effects and mortality due to low levels of air pollution. The statistical significance does not prove causation in observational studies; therefore it is necessary to evaluate these associations. There are arguments for and against each of the numerous studies using Hill's criteria, however the body of accepted evidence supports the causal association. In particular, a high level of consistency in the estimated effect of PM10 has been observed across studies worldwide. The mechanism of the relationship between air pollution and health effects is not obvious. The mechanism of particle-induced injury may involve the production of an inflammatory response by the particulate. The harvesting and the threshold effect are also major concerns regarding the health effects of air pollution. However, current epidemiologic findings indicate that linear models lacking a threshold are appropriate for assessing the effect of particulate air pollution on daily mortality even at current levels.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.669-674
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• 2023

This study examined the specific contents of social welfare policies of the Joseon Dynasty through the analysis of Mokminsimseo, Aemin Sixjo and Jinhwang Yukjo, and identified the connection between them and today's social welfare policies. As a result, In the Care of the People, it contained the basic contents of the Elderly Welfare Act and welfare services for the elderly, and in the Freedom, it included welfare policy services related to infants and children, and the value system of welfare for the disabled through government affairs. The policy direction was confirmed, and it was found that disaster relief calls for social integration in response to social crises and disasters. This also confirmed that major areas of social welfare policy such as family safety, income security, health policy, and social integration have been emphasized through social welfare policy indicators. In addition, through the analysis of Qinhwangyukjo, it was found that it contains not only the basic ideology and values of the social security system and social insurance system in terms of visa, scale, and power, but also the details of specific policy implementation. Today's social welfare policies and social service policies, which are equipped with social welfare facilities and are implementing systematic social welfare services for each target, were able to confirm their foundation through the Qinhwangyukjo. This confirms that the emphasis on social integration and income security is prominent in the Qinhwangyukjo through the social welfare policy indicators of the current policy system.