• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2006

다양한 선행연구에서 준거가격효과는 실증적 지지를 받아온 것이 사실이다. 그러나 대부분의 선행연구에서 간과된 부분은 설명되지 않은 소비자 반응의 이질성이 준거가격에 반영되어 실재하지 않는 효과가 마치 유의한 것으로 나타날 수도 있다는 것이다(Chang, Siddarth, and Weinberg 1999; Bell and Lattin 2000). 또 다른 차원의 이질성으로서, 고려상표군의 이질성이 반영되지 않을 경우 모델에 포함된 변수의 모수추정치에 왜곡현상이 나타날 수 있음을 Meyer and Kahn(1991)이 지적한 바 있다. 이러한 선행연구의 문제점을 고려하여 이 연구에서는 반응의 이질성과 고려상표군의 이질성을 모두 반영한 모델을 적용함으로써 보다 정확한 준거가격효과의 추정을 시도하였다. 또한 소비자별 고려상표군의 이질성을 반영한 준거가격 측정치를 새롭게 제안하여 검증하고자 하였다. 실증분석결과, 제안된 준거가격 측정치가 선행연구에서 사용한 측정치에 비해 모델적합도와 예측타당성을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 준거가격 형성과정에도 고려상표군의 이질성이 반영됨을 실증하는 것이다. 고려상표군의 이질성이 반영될 경우, 선행연구의 준거가격 측정치에 비해서, 제안된 준거가격 측정치의 평균이 높게 나타났으며, 표준편차는 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서 제안된 측정치의 실제적인 적용 측면을 본다면, Greenleaf(1995)의 연구에서처럼, 최적의 가격정책이 손실회피(loss aversion)의 크기, 즉, 준거의존(reference-dependent) 모델상의 준거가격에 의존한다면 제안된 측정치가 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 최대화해야 할 이익함수에 포함된 준거가격 측정치의 정확성이 최적가격결정을 좌우하기 때문이다. 따라서, 준거가격모델에 근거하여 최적가격을 추정할 경우, 모델자체에 고려상표군과 반응의 이질성을 반영할 뿐만 아니라, 준거가격 측정치 또한 고려상표군의 이질성을 반영하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.655-664
• /
• 2015

A nonresponse adjusted raking ratio estimator that consists of weighting adjustment using estimated response probability and raking procedure is often used to reduce the nonresponse bias and keep the calibration property of the estimator. We investigated asymptotic properties of nonresponse adjusted raking ratio estimator and proposed a variance estimator. A simulation study is used to examine the performance of suggested estimators.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 1994

이 논문은 통계상담사례연구의 일종으로 설문지를 이용한 통계자료분석에 도움이 되도록 소개하고자 한다. 여러항목을 종합하여 한 척도를 구성하고 각 항목마다 중요도나 선호도 등에 따라 다품등 리커트형 척도를 묻는 자료는 개인의 성향이나 지리적 문화적 여건에 따라 그 응답경향이 달라 가질지도 모르는 반응편향성(Response Set Bias)을 감소시켜 보다 좋은 통계자료분석을 할 수 있는 통계적 방법을 소개하며, 이 방법을 적용시킨 통계상담을 예시하고자 한다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 1996

The unknown response function is usually approximated by a low order polynomial model. Such an approximation always accompanies bias due to model departure. The minimax Average MSE (AMSE) designs are suggested for estimating mean responses. A class of first order minimax AMSE designs is derived and a specific first order minimax AMSE design is selected from the class by optimizing the secondary criterion related to the power of the lack of fit test.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2005

We have proposed a method to calculate the absorption coefficients for the bound-to-continuum transitions in a strong biased quantum-well infrared photodetector. We have applied this method to a manufactured sample of typical device parameters, and obtained good agreements with experiments. The absorption coefficients evaluated are up to 5,700/cm at some particular operating conditions. We have also been able to make a qualitative explanation for the bias dependence of response.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2012

Objective: This study presents an observation and analysis on behavioral characteristics of old users in comparison to young users in the use of control on display interface. Background: Touch interface which allows users to control directly on display, is conceived as delight and easy way of human-computer interaction. Due to the advantage in stimulus-response ensemble, the old users, who typically experiencing difficulties in interacting with computer, would expected to have better experience in using computing machines. Method: Twenty nine participants who are over 50 years old and 14 participants who are in 20s years old were participated in this study. Three primary tasks in touch interface, which are tap, move, and flick, were delivered by the users. For the tap task, response time and point of touch response were collected and the response bias was calculated for each trial. For the move task, delivery time and the distance of finger movements were recorded for each trial. For the flick task, task completion time and flicking distance were recorded. Results: From the collected behavioral data, temporal and spatial differences between young and old users behavior were analyzed. The older users showed difficulty in completing move task requiring eye-hand coordination.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.899-907
• /
• 2010

무응답 대체(non-response imputation) 방법에 관한 많은 이론과 방법이 제안되었으며 실제 자료 분석에 이용되고 있다. 흔히 횡단면 무응답 대체를 위하여 다중대체법(multiple imputation)이 사용되고 있으며 2차년도 이상의 패널자료에는 종시점회귀대체법(cross-wave regression imputation)이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 패널자료 분석을 위하여 종시점회귀대체법의 일반형태인 시계열 대체법과 횡단면 무응답 대체법을 결합한 시계열-횡단면 다중 대체법을 제안하였다. 노동부의 매월노동통계 자료를 이용하여 제안한 방법과 기존의 종시점회귀대체법을 비교하여 우수함을 보였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2021

The stochastic method is applied to simulate strong ground motions at seismic stations of seven metropolises in South Korea, creating an earthquake scenario based on the causative fault of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake. Input parameters are established according to what has been revealed so far for the causative fault of the Gyeongju earthquake, while the ratio of differences in response spectra between observed and simulated strong ground motions is assumed to be an adjustment factor. The calculations confirm the applicability and reproducibility of strong ground motion simulations based on the relatively small bias in response spectra between observed and simulated strong ground motions. Based on this result, strong ground motions by a scenario earthquake on the causative fault of the Gyeongju earthquake with moment magnitude 6.5 are simulated, assuming that the ratios of its fault length to width are 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. The results are similar to those of the empirical Green's function method. Although actual site response factors of seismic stations should be supplemented later, the simulated strong ground motions can be used as input data for developing ground motion prediction equations and input data for calculating the design response spectra of major facilities in South Korea.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 2004

The oxide etching process was characterized in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching (MERIE) reactor with a $CHF_3CF_4$ gas chemistry. A statistical experimental design plus one center point was used to characterize relationships between process factors and etch response. The etch response modeled are etch rate, etch selectivity to TiN and uniformity. Etching uniformity was improved with increasing $CF_4$ flow ratio, increasing source power, and increasing pressure depending on source power. Characterization of via etching in $CHF_3CF_4$ MERIE using neural networks was successfully executed giving to highly valuable information about etching mechanism and optimum etching condition. It was found that etching uniformity was closely related to surface polymerization, DC bias, TiN and uniformity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.970-973
• /
• 2003

Abstract An idea to redce the direct-path short circuit current of the CMOS digital integrated circuit is present. The sample circuit model of the CMOS digital circuit is the CMOS current-control digital output driver circuit, which are also suitable for the low voltage supply integrated circuits as the simple digital inverter, are present in this title. The circuit consists of active MOS load as the current control source, which construct from the saturated n-channel and p-channel MOSFET and the general CMOS inverter circuits. The saturated MOSFET bias can control the output current and the frequency response of the circuit. The experimental results show that lower short circuit current control can make the lower frequency response of the circuit.