• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.225-241
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• 2023

The study empirically analyzed the differences in industry distribution and innovation activity performance in the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of Korea's bio companies, which are highlighted as future growth engines. The main innovation activities of the bio industry, which are focused on science and technology and expressed with high uncertainty, were analyzed, centering on human resources, technology cooperation, and investment promotion. As a result of the analysis, the biomedical industry in the metropolitan area was found to have a high proportion, and bio foods, bio-based chemicals, and energy industries in the non-metropolitan area, respectively. Moreover, the innovation activity performances differed between the two regions. In particular, the notable characteristics included human resources, investment promotion, and technical cooperation with medical institutions in the metropolitan area with a high proportion of biomedical industries, and technology personnel exchange and cooperation with private research institutions in the non-metropolitan area, which has a high proportion of bio foods, bio-based chemicals, and energy industries. This study is significant in that it is the first study to compare and analyze the performance of innovative activities based on the distribution of industries in the bio-industry, focusing on human resources, technology cooperation, and investment promotion. In addition, after investigating the distribution status and competitiveness of the domestic bio-industry by region, it will analyze the status and characteristics of the domestic bio-industry and present policy implications to implement relevant promotion policy more efficiently.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.1027-1037
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• 2014

Flow and bed changes due to tributary inflow variation at the confluence of the Namhan River and the Geumdang Stream were analyzed in this study using a two-dimensional numerical model. As a result of the numerical analysis, the velocity downstream of the confluence was greater than the velocity upstream of the confluence in the main channel regardless of the magnitude of tributary inflow. However, as tributary discharge increased, the channel erosion was accelerated and the dry area was produced at the tributary. Due to the bed erosion at the tributary, sediment transport was increased and the eroded sediments were deposited in the confluence area. The deposition in the confluence area changed the flow direction at the main channel to the left side and the localized flow eroded the channel bed at the left side. Therefore, it is expected that bank failure due to continuous bed degradation is possible in this area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.380-388
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• 2019

The studies regarding soil bacterial community and correlation analysis of wild-simulated ginseng cultivation area are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between soil bacterial community and growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng for selection of suitable cultivation area. The bacterial community was investigated by high throughput sequencing technique (Illumina platform). The correlation coefficient between soil bacterial community and growth characteristics were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. The soil bacterial community from soil samples of 8 different wild-simulated ginseng cultivated area exhibited two distinct clusters, cluster 1 and cluster 2. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria (35.4%) and Alphaproteobacteria(24.4%) was observed to be highest in all soil samples. The lower soil pH and higher abundance of Acidobacteria resulted in increased growth of wild-simulated ginseng. Additionally, abundance of Acidobacteriia (class) and Koribacteraceae (family) demonstrated significant positive correlation with fresh weight of wild-simulated ginseng. The results of this study clearly state the correlation between growth characteristic and soil bacterial community of wild-simulated ginseng cultivation area, thereby offering effective insight into selection of suitable cultivation area of wild-simulated ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.40-50
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• 2007

One-year-old rooted cuttings of ten poplar clones and one willow clone were planted in a riparian area in Osan. Survival rate, growth performance, biomass, vitality, defoliation, leaf damages by diseases and/or insects and stem borer damage of the poplar and willow clones have been investigated for three growing seasons. Average survival rate of all eleven clones was declined from 80.7% for the first year to 60.7% for the third year. At three years after planting, poplar clones Dorskamp, ST-148 and Eco-28 showed the best survival rate of 80%. For height and DBH growth, the poplar clone Ay-48 and the willow clone 131-25 were the highest 8.3m and 9.5cm, respectively. However, poplar clones 72-30 and 72-31 were lower than those of the other clones. Clones Ay-48 and 131-25 seemed to have strong vitality when compare to the other clones. No serious damages by diseases and insects were found in most clones. Clones Ay-48 and ST-148 were the most tolerant to various diseases and insects. Clone Ay-48 produced the largest biomass for individual and annual total biomass, 22.5kg and 18.7ton $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Clone Dorskamp showed the best adaptability, which was estimated with survival rate, biomass and damages by various diseases and insects in the riparian area and followed by clones Ay-48, 97-19 and Eco-28. As a consequence, the four clones seemed to be the best candidate poplar clones for the establishment of riparian woody buffer.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.248-257
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• 2019

We chose the Mt. Dalum area (located in Gijang-gun, Busan, Korea) for our survey, particularly The pine wilt disease zone and the non-permanent control area. This study investigates the effect of pine wilt disease on the distribution of beetle species in the process of ecosystem change due to insect control; pine forests treated for pine wilt disease were divided into insect control and non-control sites, respectively. The results of this study are as follows. Twen tyseven species belongs to 12 families were identified from 969 ground beetles collected from this sites. Species richness was the highest in Coleoptera (6 species, 469 individuals). In the control site, 21 species belongs to 10 families were identified from 228 individuals, while 24 species of 11 families from 533 individuals in the non-control area. The highest number of species were noted in June and July from the non- control and control sites, respectively. The highest number of insects in control and non-control sites was observed in July, while the lowest in September. Sipalinus gigas gigas, Spondylis buprestoides, Plesiophthalmus davidis, Calosoma maximowiczi, Damaster jankowskii jankowskii, and Damaster smaragdinus were captured in both study sites. Episomustur ntus and Glischrochilus ipsoides were only captured in the control site, while Macrodorcas rectus rectus and Pheropsophus javanus were only captured in the non-control site. Six beetles and five species (such as Calosoma maximowiczi) were found in the control site and six species (including Damaster smaragdinus) in the non-control site. The species distributions by altitude were 163, 518, and 258 individuals, at 100, 200 and 300 m sites, respectively. The diversity, evenness, and dominance indices in the control area were 0.764, 0.812, and 0.367, respectively. The diversity, evenness, and dominance indices in the non-control area were 0.927, 0.837, and 0.352, respectively. The similarity index between the control and non-control area was 80%.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.421-434
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• 2011

Although thermal effluent from coastal power plants affects marine ecosystems, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal distribution of macrobenthic communities in a coastal area of Korea with thermal discharge. This study analyzed the species composition and abundance of a macrobenthic community in relation to environmental variables for a period of 1 year. In total 334 macrobenthic faunal species were collected; the mean density was 3,221 ind/$m^2$. The number of species and the density of macrobenthic fauna increased with distance from the thermal discharge site. Cluster analysis indicated that the macrobenthic community could be divided into two groups: group I in shallow (< 30 m deep) and group II in the outer areas (> 30 m deep). Group I showed the lowest species density and diversity. Four polychaetes, including Magelona japonica, Spiophanes bombyx, Scolotoma longifolia and Chaetozone setosa, all of which have been dominant species since 1987, exhibited higher mean densities in the area distant from the thermal discharge (the outer and north areas). Conversely, the warm-adapted and opportunistic species, such as the amphipods Urothoe convexa and Mandibulophoxus mai, the bivalve Felaniella sowerbyi, and the polychaete Rhynchospio sp., were more abundant in the thermal discharge region. The results of this study indicate that thermal effluent influences macrobenthic communities in the shallow area, while other environmental variables, such as depth, sediment grain size, and TOC, are more important determinants of the macrobenthic communities in deeper regions (> 30 m deep).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2014

In August, 2013, we collected epifaunal megabenthos using a deep sea camera (DSC) around a benthic impact study (BIS) site. This was located in the KR5 block of the Korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) area in the Northeastern Pacific. The DSC was positioned at $6.8{\pm}2.9m$ (SD) from the sea bottom and was operated from a position at $131^{\circ}56.85^{\prime}-131^{\circ}55.02^{\prime}W$ for 2.3 h at a speed of 1-2 knot. The geographical features of the study area consisted of two structures; a trough in the middle and hills at the east and west sides. Sediment conditions were consistent within six blocks and were affected by slope and polymetallic nodule deposits. We analyzed 226 megafaunal species. Sipunculida comprised the highest percentage of individuals (39%), and the dominant epifaunal megabenthos were Hormathiidae sp., Primnoidae sp., Hexactinellida sp., Hyphalaster inermis, Freyella benthophila, Paelopatides confundens, Psychropotes longicauda, and Peniagone leander. More than 80% of the total density of megafauna occurred on sea plain (D- and E-blocks). We found two distinct groups in the community, one located on sea plains and the other along both sides of the sea slop. Our results suggest that geographical features such as slope and polymetalic nodule deposits are important in controlling the distribution of the epifaunal megabenthos around the KODOS area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.406-425
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• 2010

The flora for resource plants in Hapcheon-gun were investigated 10 times from March to October, 2009. Based on collected voucher specimens, the flora of this area consisted of 489 taxa in total; 82 families, 292 genera, 427 species, 4 subspecies, 49 varieties and 9 forms. The resources plants in the area were categorized by usage into 9 groups including an unknown group: 187 edible, 126 pasturing, 137 medicinal, 112 dyeing, 52 ornamental, 16 timber, 9 fiber, 2 industrial taxa and 134 unknown resource plants were recorded respectively. In addition, there were 18 taxa of Korean endemic plants, 33 taxa of specific plants which were designated by the Ministry of Environment, and 2 taxa of rare plants. Furthermore, 44 taxa of naturalized plants were observed in this investigated area. The vegetation status of the investigated area was well conserved, but it is likely that the contaminated area could be rapidly increased and exacerbated by the climbers and development of forest roads. Therefore, the systems for conservation need to be prepared for the effective management of forests, and there must be special rules to control the number of climbers and visitors.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.193-241
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• 2015

China, Japan and Korea are the world's top 10 energy consumers, and so very interested in the development of seabed hydrocarbon resources in order to meet their energy demands. The East China Sea is the tri-junction area where three countries' entitlements on the maritime boundaries are overlapped. There are abundant oil reserves in the East China Sea, and therefore competitions among countries are growing to get control of them. Although these countries have concluded the bilateral agreements to jointly develop resources in the East China Sea, they do not function as well. Because joint development and management of seabed petroleum resources can lead to stable development system, and to lower possibility of legal and political disputes, the needs for joint development agreement among three countries are urgent. Meanwhile, Northeast Asian seas are semi-closed seas, which are geographically closed and vulnerable to marine pollution. Moreover there are a lot of nuclear power plants in coastal area, and seabed petroleum resources are being developed. So it is likely to occur nuclear and oil spill accidents. Fukushima nuclear disaster and Bohai Bay oil spill accident in 2011 are the cases to exhibit the potential of major marine pollution accidents in this area. It is anticipated that the risks become higher because power plants and offshore oil platforms are extending gradually. Therefore, the ways to seek the joint marine environmental protection agreement focused on regulation of nuclear power plant and offshore oil platform have to be considered. In this paper, we try to find the way to make joint development and joint environmental protection agreement in Northeast Asian seas. We concentrate on the measure to drive joint development of seabed petroleum deposits in East China Sea's overlap area, despite of maritime delimitation and territorial disputes, and we try to drive joint marine environmental protection system to respond to marine pollution and accidents due to offshore oil platform and nuclear power plants. Through these consideration, we seek solutions to deal with lack of energy, disputes of maritime territorial and boundary delimitation, and marine pollution in Northeast Asia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.571-576
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• 1996

The geological and hydrological survey was carried out in Hyuseok-dong landslide area(10 ha), Youngchoon-myeon, Danyang-gun, Choongcheongbuk-do. The results showed that the bed rocks in this area consisted of shale, sandstone and limestone, and the piles of stones debris were also scattered around the hill above the study area. Soil texture was sandy loam, and bulk density of the soil in the lower part of the area was higher than that of the upper part, but void ratio of the soil in the lower part was lower than that of the upper part. Subsurface water was springing out to the surface in many places in this area. In this area, the storms over 70mm/day were frequent during the summer period from June through September. It was concluded that the occurrence of landslide had a close relationship with the geological characteristics, hydrological conditions and the rainfall distribution.