• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.489-499
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• 2018

A series of geological events such as the formation of the Antarctic continental ice sheets, the changes in ocean circulation and a mass extinction after the onset of Oligocene has been studied as major concerns by various researches. However, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic changes during the most period of Oligocene since the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) still remains unclear. Especially, although the late Oligocene warming (LOW) has been assessed as the largest period in the paleoceanographic changes, the detailed understanding on the changed components is very low. The purpose of this study is the reconstruction of the paleoceanographic history during the late Oligocene using core sediments from IODP Expedition 342 Site U1406 performed in J-Anomaly Ridge in North Atlantic. Because North Atlantic deep water (NADW) has flowed southward through the study area since the early Oligocene, this area has been considered to an important location for studies on the changes of NADW. The core sediment analyzed in this study were deposited from about 26.0 to 26.5 Ma as evidenced by both of onboard and shore-based paleomagnetic data, and this is corresponded to the earliest period of LOW. The sediment profile can be divided into three Units (Unit 1, 2 & 3) based on the changes in both of total number and test size of Oridorsalis umbonatus as well as grain size data of clastic sediments. Unit 2 represents largest values in these three data. Because the total number, test size of O. umbonatus and grain size can be proxy records on the oxygen concentration and circulation intensity of deep water, we interpreted that Unit 2 had been deposited during the period of relatively strengthened NADW. Previous Cibicidoides spp. stable isotope results from the low latitude region of the North Atlantic also support our interpretation that is the intensified formation of NADW during the identical period. In conclusion, our results present a new evidence for the previous ideas that the causes on LOW are directly related to the changes in NADW.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.47-75
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• 2016

This study has analyzed the history of the subcontract animation in Korea that began with Golden Bat of TBC Animation Division in 1966 to 1980s and shed the light on the history of subcontract animation that has been processed over 30 years in Korean animation. For this purpose, through the outlined status of subcontract animation, such as, production company, production status, scale of industry and so forth, the status of the OEM industry then has been checked and it links the solidified background of animation into subcontract production industry with the situation in time for analysis. In addition, on the basis of the foregoing, it is intended to broaden the horizon of the history of animation through the analysis on new search for facilitating the creative animation by overcoming the issues and limits generated by the subcontract animation industry. 1970s was the time that the national objective is to advance heavy-chemical industry and export-led economic growth. From the late 1970s, the animation has been spot lighted as the main-stream export industry through the overseas subcontract orders for animation. Expansion of the subcontract animation production has been influenced from the national policies on public culture, dispersion of color TV, facilitation of video production market and other media changes of the time that led the decline of animation audiences in theaters, and another cause would be in lack of platform of broadcasting companies that avoided the independent animation production for its economic theory. The subcontract animation industry may have the positive evaluation in the aspect of expanding the animation environment, such as, structuring of animation infra, development of new human resources and etc. However, the technology-incentive 'production'-oriented advancement has created distorted structure in advancing the professional human resources due to the absence of 'pre-production' of planning and others as well as the insufficient perception on 'post production (post work)', and it was unable to formulate domestic market by re-investing the capital accumulated for OEM industry into the production of creative animation and it has been assessed as negative aspect. Animation is a cultural and spiritual product of a country. Therefore, the systematic support policy for the facilitation of the creative animation, such as, development of professional human resources, creation of outstanding work, formation of market to make the pre-circulation structure and so forth has to be sought. However, animation is an industry, but there is no perception that it is a cultural industry based on the creativeness, not hardware-oriented manufacturing business. Such a lack of recognition, there was no policies to make the market and facilitate the creative animation by the animation of Korea for this period through the long-term plan and investment for independent work production. Such an attempt is newly begun through diverse searches for protection and advancement of creative animation in Korea after 1990s.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.76-90
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• 2004

There had been substantial demand for record management system with which to efficiently control the information circulation processes, involving accumulation of recorded materials, classification of information resources, and users access to them. It converged to a collaboration of Australian federation, and Sydney Records Centre and finally induced Australian Standard Records Management, commonly known as AS 4390. AS 4390 served later as a model for International Standard of Record Management. This paper introduces the current undertaking of Recordkeeping system development in Australia, which stems from the line of AS 4390 by analysing exhibited research approaches. The analysis includes the definition, regime of Recordkeeping system, design and implementing of guidelines of Recordkeeping System and information on metadata projects. It also highlights the necessity for standardization, as is the prime factor in promoting inter-linking of Tabularium on New Southwales State, CRS(Commonwealth Record Series), database system of Canberra National Archives and Australian Government Locator Service. From year 2005, as dictates, any record management system, serving public agency will be required to adapt Professional Archives Management System, which, by far, will enhance the inter-compatibility. In its application, the government need Thesaurus to eliminate possible redundancy in use of terminology and to promote correct usage of words.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2007

For a correlation to study the five tastes and efficacies in oriental medicine concepts, we used herbal medicines with bitter taste character in traditionally effective and experimental methods. In this study, we tested the in vitro effect of 20 typical kinds of herbal medicines with bitter taste on platelet aggregation induced by collagen in human whole blood using the impedance method of aggregometry. Among them, 3 kinds of hot water extracts and 2 kinds of 70% ethanol extracts showed the significant inhibiting effect on whole blood aggregation $(^{***}p<0.001)$. In particular, Coptidis Rhizoma (Coptis chinensis) extracts were selected as the most effective candidate with a strong grade of bitter taste through the sensory test of trained panels. The results from this experiment provide pharmacological evidence for the traditional use of bitter tasting herbs with traditional medicine theory, suggesting that strong bitter taste herbs could be help problems of blood circulation more than mild bitter tasting herbs.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

Recently, climate indices represented by quantifying atmospheric-ocean circulation patterns have been widely used to predict hydrologic variables for considering long-term climate variability. Hydrologic forecasting models based on artificial neural networks have been developed to provide accurate and stable forecasting performance. Forecasts of hydrologic variables considering climate variability can be effectively used for long-term management of water resources and environmental preservation. Therefore, identifying significant indicators for hydrologic variables and applying forecasting models still remains as a challenge. In this study, we selected representative climate indices that have significant relationships with dam inflow time series in the Han-River basin, South Korea for applying the dam inflow forecasting model. For this purpose, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) method was used to identify a significance between dam inflow and climate indices and an artificial neural network(ANN) ensemble model was applied to overcome the limitation of a single ANN model. As a result, the forecasting performances showed that the mean correlation coefficient of the five dams in the training period is 0.88, and the test period is 0.68. It can be expected to come out various applications using the relationship between hydrologic variables and climate variability in South Korea.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.109-130
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• 2010

As many countries in the world including the Republic of Korea have used all their national resources in the accelerating economic information warfare, illegal leakage of industrial technologies and information has increased rapidly. The costs required for damage prevention from 2007 to 2008 are estimated at approximately KRW 180 trillion which is expected to increase gradually in future. Because the tricks of leaking key technologies are also getting increasingly systematized, sophisticated and bigger, e.g., simple theft at the individual level or the conspiracy of all the staff taking part in the research activities, we should pay special attention to technology security in addition to technology development. While there are several factors affecting such the brain drain, they usually include personal, social, political and cultural factors, for instance, very heavy educational expenditure of children compared to relatively low pay, the speedy labor market circulation for experienced personnel, or political restrictions on researches. In this context, as part of efforts made to prevent the outflow of core personnel, individual companies and research institutes should establish systematically appropriate core personnel management systems for their own organizational or business goals and principles which are intented to ensure to give better treatment and benefit to core personnel and to exercise closer supervision over them. Furthermore, the conventional personnel management system should be radically and flexibly improved in the manner of encouraging the core personnel returning to the organization to combine their external experiences with practices, instead of penalizing them. At the same time, it is necessary to train and educate core personnel through mutual collaboration and in-house training facilities as well as external academic programs operated jointly at the level of the industry. Finally, as the issues concerning the outflow of core personnel are not just problems of relevant companies and other advanced countries have devoted their best efforts to secure their own key technologies at the national level, it is urgent for the industry and the competent authorities to cooperate closely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.134-147
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• 2006

A model experiment using circulation water channel was carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of bottom trawl net which can be used in sea mount of North Pacific. Hydrodynamic resistance and shape variation according to the flow velocity and angle of hand rope transformation for net were measured, and experimental value was analyzed as the value of full-scale bottom trawl net. The results summarized are as follows; At the $30^{\circ}$ of angle of hand rope to net, hydrodynamic resistance varied from 0.5kgf to 2.68kgf as the flow velocity increased between 0.31m/s and 0.92m/s, and formula of hydrodynamic resistance for the model net was $F_m=3.04\;{\cdot}\;{\upsilon}^{1.53}$. At the fixed angle of hand rope, Net height was low and Net width was high according to the increase of flow velocity, and in addition, vertical opening was low and Net width was high by the increase of angle of hand rope at the fixed flow velocity. At the $30^{\circ}$ of angle of hand rope to net, net opening area was $0.214m^2$ as flow velocity was 0.61m/s, and formula of net opening area for the model net was $S_m=-0.22{\upsilon}+0.35$. At the $30^{\circ}$ of angle of hand rope to net, catch efficiency seemed to be highest as $0.319m^3/s$ of filtering volume at the 0.76m/s(51kt's) of flow velocity. Shape variation of net showed the gradual laminar transform for the variation of flow velocity but there needed some improvements due to the occurrence of shortening at the ahead of wing net.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2014

High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a protocol for fault-tolerant Ethernet (FTE) networks. It provides two frame copies and each copy is forwarded on a separate physical path, which provides zero fail-over time. Therefore, the HSR is becoming a potential candidate for various real-time FTE applications. However, the generation and circulation of unnecessary frames due to the duplication of every sending frame is inherent drawback of HSR. Such drawback degrades the performance of the network and may deplete its resources. In this paper, we present a new algorithm called port locking (PL) based on the media access control (MAC) address to solve the abovementioned problem in popular connected-rings network. Our approach makes the network gradually learn the locations of the source and the destination nodes without relying on network control frames. It then prunes all the rings that do not contain the destination node by locking corresponding rings' entrance ports. With the PL algorithm, the traffic can be significantly reduced and therefore the network performance will be greatly enhanced specially in a large scale connected-rings network. Analytical results are provided to validate the PL algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

Mass production method on artificial seedling production of hard clam Meretrix petechialis was developed indoor culture system. Spawning of adult clam (SL $65.8{\pm}8.4mm$) was induced using the combined method of air exposure and water temperature raising. The fertilized eggs were developed to D-shaped larvae after 17.7 hours at $27^{\circ}C$ and hatching rate was 6.1%. Shell length (SL) of D-shaped larvae was measured to be $131.4{\pm}2.6{\mu}m$ and thereafter the larvae grew to the settled spats with SL $190.2{\pm}7.5{\mu}m$ in 4 days. Estimated survival rate of settled spats was 48.1%. Spat collection on 130,000 spats with SL $0.19{\pm}0.01mm$ performed conducted by sand bottom circulation filtering method. Collected spats grew up to $3.1{\pm}0.8mm$ in 46 days, $6.6{\pm}1.8mm$ in 87 days, and $10.5{\pm}0.9mm$ in 114 days. The relative growth between SL and shell height (SH) was calculated to be SH = 0.8501SL + 0.0196 ($R^2=0.9987$) during the whole spat period. During spats rearing, they were suffered from one time of mass mortality at SL 3.1 mm, but 51,000 spats were finally survived with the rate of 39.2% at 114 days of spat rearing in indoor tank system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various kinds of composts on the change of soil physical properties and microorganism in upland soils. Field experiments were conducted in the loam and sandy loam soils, while the clay loam and sandy loam soils were used for laboratory experiments. Various kinds of composts such as poultry manure compost(PMC). cow manure compost(CMC). human excrement sludge(HES), and food industrial sludge compost(FISE) were applied annually at rates of 0, 40, and $80Mg\;ha^{-1}$ to soils grown with soybean and maize plants for 4 years during 1994 to 1997. The results of this study were as follows : Bulk density of loam soil decreased with compost application to $1.07{\sim}1.32Mg\;m^{-3}$ compared with $1.49Mg\;m^{-3}$ of control plot, while in sandy loam soil it decreased to $1.00{\sim}1.20Mg\;m^{-3}$ compared with $1.25Mg\;m^{-3}$ of control plot. Bulk density of soil was decreased according to maize cultivation compared with bare control, but soybean cultivation was similar. Population of organic material decomposing microorganisms was increased rapidly at the initial incubation stage at $25^{\circ}C$, and increased more sensitively at the loam soil than sandy loam soil. In the case of the change of microorganisms associated with nitrogen circulation, ammonia oxidizing bacteria was more at the initial incubation stage, and denitrifying bacteria was more at the initial incubation stage, and denitrifying bacteria increased until 1~4 weeks after incubation and increased more at the loam soil than sandy loam soil.