Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
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The strengthening of North Atlantic Deep Water during the late Oligocene based on the benthic foraminiferal species Oridorsalis umbonatus

저서성 유공충 Oridorsalis umbonatus의 산출 상태에 기록된 후기 올리고세 북대서양 심층수의 강화

  • Lee, Hojun (Division of Geology and Geophysics & Critical zone Frontier Research Laboratory (CFRL), Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jo, Kyoung-nam (Division of Geology and Geophysics & Critical zone Frontier Research Laboratory (CFRL), Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lim, Jaesoo (Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
  • 이호준 (강원대학교 지질지구물리학부) ;
  • 조경남 (강원대학교 지질지구물리학부) ;
  • 임재수 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경연구본부)
  • Received : 2018.08.22
  • Accepted : 2018.10.02
  • Published : 2018.10.31
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Abstract

A series of geological events such as the formation of the Antarctic continental ice sheets, the changes in ocean circulation and a mass extinction after the onset of Oligocene has been studied as major concerns by various researches. However, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic changes during the most period of Oligocene since the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) still remains unclear. Especially, although the late Oligocene warming (LOW) has been assessed as the largest period in the paleoceanographic changes, the detailed understanding on the changed components is very low. The purpose of this study is the reconstruction of the paleoceanographic history during the late Oligocene using core sediments from IODP Expedition 342 Site U1406 performed in J-Anomaly Ridge in North Atlantic. Because North Atlantic deep water (NADW) has flowed southward through the study area since the early Oligocene, this area has been considered to an important location for studies on the changes of NADW. The core sediment analyzed in this study were deposited from about 26.0 to 26.5 Ma as evidenced by both of onboard and shore-based paleomagnetic data, and this is corresponded to the earliest period of LOW. The sediment profile can be divided into three Units (Unit 1, 2 & 3) based on the changes in both of total number and test size of Oridorsalis umbonatus as well as grain size data of clastic sediments. Unit 2 represents largest values in these three data. Because the total number, test size of O. umbonatus and grain size can be proxy records on the oxygen concentration and circulation intensity of deep water, we interpreted that Unit 2 had been deposited during the period of relatively strengthened NADW. Previous Cibicidoides spp. stable isotope results from the low latitude region of the North Atlantic also support our interpretation that is the intensified formation of NADW during the identical period. In conclusion, our results present a new evidence for the previous ideas that the causes on LOW are directly related to the changes in NADW.

올리고세의 시작과 함께 발생된 남극 대륙빙하의 형성, 해류 시스템 변화, 고생물 멸종 등 일련의 사건들은 현재까지 지질학자들로부터 매우 주요한 관심을 받아왔다. 하지만 이에 반해 에오세-올리고세 전이기(Eocene-Oligocene transition; EOT) 이후 올리고세 대부분의 기간 동안 발생된 고기후 고해양학적 변화에 대해서는 아직까지도 연구가 미흡한 상태이다. 특히, 후기 올리고세 온난화(late Oligocene warming; LOW)는 올리고세 동안 발생된 고기후 고해양학적 변화에 있어 가장 큰 규모의 사건 중 하나로 인식되고 있지만, 이 시기에 발생된 구체적인 변화 요소에 대한 이해는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 이번 연구는 IODP Expedition 342를 통해 북대서양 J-Anomaly Ridge에서 획득한 시추코어 퇴적물을 이용해 후기 올리고세 온난화 동안 어떤 고해양학적 변화가 발생되었는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구지역은 북대서양 심층수(North Atlantic deep water; NADW)에 의해 직접적으로 영향을 받고 있기 때문에 과거 NADW의 변화를 연구하기에 적합한 곳으로 잘 알려져 있다. 고지자기 층서모델을 이용해 산출된 퇴적물의 연대는 약 26.0~26.5 Ma로 LOW의 초반부에 해당되는 시기이다. 이 퇴적물 시료로부터 산출되는 저서성 유공충의 한 종인 Oridorsalis umbonatus의 각질 크기 자료와 입도분석 결과는 서로 매우 유사한 변화경향성을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 해당 시 추코어 퇴적물은 총 3개의 구간(Unit 1, 2, 3)으로 나누어지며, 그 중 Unit 2는 가장 큰 각질의 O. umbonatus가 산출되는 동시에 퇴적물 입자 크기도 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 O.umbonatus의 개체수 역시 Unit 2에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. O. umbonatus의 개체수, 각질 크기 변화, 입도 변화는 산소농도와 심층수 순환 강도의 프록시로 활용될 수 있기 때문에 이번 연구에서는 Unit 2가 퇴적된 시기 동안 NADW의 세기가 가장 강했던 것으로 해석하였다. 이와 같이 LOW 초기 동안 발생된 NADW의 강화는 기존 북대서양 저위도 지역의 Cibicidoides spp. 산소 및 탄소안정동위원소 자료를 통해서도 확인할 수 있다. 이번 연구의 결과는 LOW의 시작 원인이 NADW의 강화와 같은 고해양학적 변화와 연관되어 있다는 기존 연구결과를 지지하는 새로운 증거를 제시해준다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : 장기적 한반도 온난화 평가를 위한 Eemian 간빙기 기후변화 복원

Supported by : 한국연구재단(NRF)

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