• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2018

A series of model tests was carried out to investigate the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) characteristics of a free hanging PVC pipe under forced oscillation conditions. The prescribed displacement with a period and amplitude was forced at the top of the riser. The motion of the riser along its length was measured with underwater cameras in three dimensions. The top-excited responses in the inline direction and vortex-induced vibration in the cross-flow direction were examined in the time and frequency domains. Multi-peak frequencies in the VIV were demonstrated to be strongly dependent upon the Keulegan-Carpenter number, corresponding with the results of Blevin. It was found that the Reynolds numbers (excitation period) was a critical parameter for the dominant VIV characteristics, even under the condition of using the same Keulegan-Carpenter number, under the top-excited condition. In the resonance at the nth natural frequency by the forced-motion induced VIV frequency, the riser responded with a large amplitude and forced frequency, dominantly in the VIV CF direction.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2014

선형발전기와 연성된 원통형 부이의 수직운동으로부터 파랑에너지를 추출하는 파력발전장치의 설계과정을 소개하였다. 최대 파워는 최적조건($c_{PTO}=b_T$, ${\omega}={\omega}_N$)에서 발생하며, 공진조건시 부이의 수직운동 고유주파수와 속도스펙트럼의 피크 주파수를 일치시키지 않고 의도적으로 고유주파수를 15% 크게 설정하면 추출파워의 최대값을 더욱 높일 수 있다. 이러한 방법을 통하여 추출 파워의 증가와 함께 부이의 흘수를 낮추고 동시에 PTO 감쇠력을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 발전장치 제작 비용을 낮출 수 있는 부수적인 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4136-4141
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• 2013

전자기 진동 가진기를 적용한 전기 집진기의 효과적인 탈진 여부를 판단할 수 있는 기준은 집진기내 집진판들의 진동 가속도이다. 이러한 진동 가속도는 외부로부터의 가진 주파수와 시스템의 고유주파수의 일치로 인하여 공진이 일어날 때 간헐적으로 최대치를 보이며 효율적인 탈진성능을 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 한대의 전자기 진동 가진기를 이용하는 단일 객체를 대상으로 한 관점에서 더 나아가, 실제 현장에서 복수의 전기집진탈진기가 설치됨을 고려하여 진동 탈진기의 설치방식에 따라 시스템을 모델링 하였다. 이러한 직렬 및 병렬회로로 연결된 가진기를 적용한 시스템을 대상으로 진동 가속도 계측 실험을 수행하여 직렬 및 병렬식 연결에 따른 진동 가속도의 차이를 비교함으로써 가진기의 배열 방식과 그에 따른 기대 탈진 성능 및 소비전력의 유효성을 검증하였다. 최종적으로 직렬 배열형 모듈이 증가할수록 선형적으로 필요전류량이 증가할 것으로 예상하였으나 급격한 감소나 (6.9% ~ 37.6%) 증가를 (5% ~ 45%) 보여주었다. 단독의 가진기가 사용된 병렬 배열보다, 2대의 가진기가 사용되고 그 전기회로의 연결이 병렬일 때 동일한 전류가 인가되었음에도 약 11.64% 의 가속도 감소 현상을 보였다. 2대의 가진기를 사용하고 입력전류의 값을 소비 전력의 관점에서 동일하게 보정하였을 경우 약 16.80 % 의 가속도 증가 현상을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.515-518
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• 2011

In this work, we designed and fabricated a multilayer thin film Pb(Zr,Ti)$O_3$ cantilever with a Si proof mass for low frequency vibration energy harvesting applications. A mathematical model of a mu lti-layer composite beam was derived and applied in a parametric analysis of the piezoelectric cantilever. Finally, the dimensions of the cantilever were determined for the resonant frequency of the cantilever. W e fabricated a device with beam dimensions of about 4,930 ${\mu}M$ ${\times}$ 450 ${\mu}M$ ${\times}$ 12 ${\mu}M$, and an integrated Si proof mass with dimensions of about 1,410 ${\mu}M$ ${\times}$ 450 ${\mu}M$ ${\times}$ 450 ${\mu}M$. The resonant frequency, maximum peak voltage, and highest average power of the cantilever device were 84.5 Hz, 88 mV, and 0.166 ${\mu}Wat$ 1.0 g and 23.7 ${\Omega}$, respectively. The dimensions of the cantilever were determined for the resonance frequency of the cantilever.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 제트 유동 증가에 따라 스피커로 제트와 스월 유동에 각각 가진을 가하여 기체-기체 동축형 제트-스월 분사기의 분사기 전달함수(Injector Transfer Function, ITF)을 측정하였다. 공급시스템의 길이를 변화시켜 ITF를 측정한 결과 공급시스템의 공진주파수에서 피크가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 제트 유동에 가진을 줄 때, 제트 유동이 증가함에 따라 ITF의 크기는 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 두 유동의 속도차가 클수록 ITF의 크기가 증가하였다. 스월 가진 시 제트 유동이 증가함에 따라 ITF가 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이는 후단에서 일정 유량 대비 가진 에너지가 감소하기 때문이다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2019

The Origanum vulgare L.-mediated synthesis of Ag nanoparticles was successfully realized within the present study. Various concentrations of the $AgNO_3$ used as a silver precursor (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 100 mM) were used. Very rapid formation of Ag nanoparticles was observed, as only minutes were necessary for the completion of the reaction. With the increasing concentration, red shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak was observed in the Vis spectra. According to photon cross-correlation spectroscopy results, the finest grain size distribution was obtained for the 2.5 mM sample. The transmission electron microscopy analysis of this sample has shown bimodal size distribution with larger crystallites with 100 nm size and smaller around 10 nm. The antibacterial activity was also the best for this sample so the positive correlation between good grain size distribution and antibacterial activity was found. The in-depth discussion of antibacterial activity with related works from the materials science point of view is provided, namely emphasizing the role of effective nanoparticles distribution within the plant extract or matrix. The antibacterial activity seems to be governed by both content of Ag nanoparticles and their effective distribution. This work contributes to still expanding environmentally acceptable field of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.276-281
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• 1990

The equivalent conductance of univalent cation (potassium, silver, thallium and ammonium) perchlorates in methanol containing 18-membered crown ethers, 18-crown-6 (18C6) and 1,10-dithia-18-crown-6 (DT18C6) were measured at different temperatures. The equivalent conductances of ammonium perchlorate were increased by increasing content of DT18C6 exceptionally, due to more favorable solvations than complexations. From the equivalent conductance changes, the formation constants for 1:1 compmlexes have been determined, and the values of enthalpy and entropy changes have been calculated. The complexations of 18C6 and DT18C6 with the univalent cations under investigation are all exothermic and the ${\Delta}$S values are all negative and no considerable differences around 50 J/ (k mol). The selectivity order of 18C6 is $K^+ > Tl^+ > Ag^+ > NH_4^+$, while that of DT18C6 is $Ag^+ > Tl^+ > NH_4^+ > K^+$. By sulfur substitutions in 18C6 result in significant decrease in stability, but the stability of $Ag^+$-DT18C6 complex are $10^4$ times larger than those of $K^+$. This increase of stabilities for $Ag^+$-DT18C6 complex are primary due to the result of favorable exothermic heat of reaction between the polarizable soft cation and soft sulfur centers. In NMR experiment, the stepwise additions of cation perchlorates into crown ether solutions induced two major spectral changes. First, the resonance all shift down field and the cation induced shifts were linear up to 1:1 cation/crown ratio, above which no further changes were observed. On the basis of these results, it could be concluded that 1:1 complex is formed. Second, the magnitudes of cation induced shifts were different each other in same ligand. By addition of silver ion to the solution of DT18C6, the largest shift of proton peak near the sulfur atom was observed. These effects are also arisen from the results of covalent bonding between "soft-soft" interactions.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.313-327
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• 2023

Zinc metal organic framework (MOF_Zn)-loaded goad nanoparticles (AuNPs) sol (Au@MOF_Zn), which was characterized by TEM, Mapping, FTIR, XRD, and molecular spectrum, was prepared conveniently by solvothermal method. The results indicated that Au@MOF_Zn had a very strong catalytic effect with the nanoreaction of AuNPs formation between sodium oxalate (SO) and HAuCl4. AuNPs in the new indicator reaction had a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) signal at 370 nm. The indicator AuNPs generated by this reaction, which had the most intense surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1621 cm -1. The new SERS/RRS indicator reaction in combination with specific aptamer (Apt) to fabricate a sensitive and selective Au@MOF_Zn catalytic amplification-aptamer SERS/RRS assay platform for carbendazim (CBZ), with SERS/RRS linear range of 0.025-0.5 ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.02 ng/mL. Similarly, this assay platform has been also utilized to detect oxytetracycline (OTC) and profenofos (PF).

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.231-257
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• 2022

Transmission lines systems are important components of the electrical power infrastructure. However, these systems are vulnerable to damage from high wind events such as hurricanes. This study presents the results from a 1:50 scale aeroelastic model of a multi-span transmission lines system subjected to simulated hurricane winds. The transmission lines system considered in this study consists of three lattice towers, four spans of conductors and two end-frames. The aeroelastic tests were conducted at the NSF NHERI Wall of Wind Experimental Facility (WOW EF) at the Florida International University (FIU). A horizontal distortion scaling technique was used in order to fit the entire model on the WOW turntable. The system was tested at various wind speeds ranging from 35 m/s to 78 m/s (equivalent full-scale speeds) for varying wind directions. A system identification (SID) technique was used to evaluate experimental-based along-wind aerodynamic damping coefficients and compare with their theoretical counterparts. Comparisons were done for two aeroelastic models: (i) a self-supported lattice tower, and (ii) a multi-span transmission lines system. A buffeting analysis was conducted to estimate the response of the conductors and compare it to measured experimental values. The responses of the single lattice tower and the multi-span transmission lines system were compared. The coupling effects seem to drastically change the aerodynamic damping of the system, compared to the single lattice tower case. The estimation of the drag forces on the conductors are in good agreement with their experimental counterparts. The incorporation of the change in turbulence intensity along the height of the towers appears to better estimate the response of the transmission tower, in comparison with previous methods which assumed constant turbulence intensity. Dynamic amplification factors and gust effect factors were computed, and comparisons were made with code specific values. The resonance contribution is shown to reach a maximum of 18% and 30% of the peak response of the stand-alone tower and entire system, respectively.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

Purpose: There is increasing attention to the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for enhancing cognitive functions in subjects to aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite varying treatment outcomes in tDCS which depend on the amount of current reaching the brain, there is no general information on the impacts of anatomical features associated with AD on tDCS-induced electric field. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine how AD-related anatomical variation affects the tDCS-induced electric field using computational modeling. Methods: We collected 180 magnetic resonance images (MRI) of AD patients and healthy controls from a publicly available database (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; ADNI), and MRIs were divided into female-AD, male-AD, female-normal, and male-normal groups. For each group, segmented brain volumes (cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, ventricle, rostral middle frontal (RMF), and hippocampus/amygdala complex) using MRI were measured, and tDCS-induced electric fields were simulated, targeting RMF. Results: For segmented brain volumes, significant sex differences were observed in the gray matter and RMF, and considerable disease differences were found in cerebrospinal fluid, ventricle, and hippocampus/amygdala complex. There were no differences in the tDCS-induced electric field among AD and normal groups; however, higher peak values of electric field were observed in the female group than the male group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the presence of sex and disease differences in segmented brain volumes; however, this pattern differed in tDCS-induced electric field, resulting in significant sex differences only. Further studies, we will adjust the brain stimulation conditions to target the deep brain and examine the effects, because of significant differences in the ventricles and deep brain regions between AD and normal groups.