• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.639-654
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• 2018

Rocking motion have been used for achieving the 'resilient buildings' against earthquakes in recent studies. Low-rise buildings, unlike the tall ones, because of their small aspect ratio tend to slide rather than move in rocking mode. However, since rocking is more effective in seismic response reduction than sliding, it is desired to create rocking motion in low-rise buildings too. One way for this purpose is making the building's structure rock on its internal bay(s) by reducing the number of bays at the lower part of the building's skeleton, giving it a mushroom form. In this study 'mushroom skeleton' has been used for creating multi-story rocking regular steel buildings with square plan to rock on its one-by-one bay central lowest story. To show if this idea is effective, a set of mushroom buildings have been considered, and their seismic responses have been compared with those of their conventional counterparts, designed based on a conventional code. Also, a set of similar buildings with skeleton stronger than code requirement, to have immediate occupancy (IO) performance level, have been considered for comparison. Seismic responses, obtained by nonlinear time history analyses, using scaled three-dimensional accelerograms of selected earthquakes, show that by using appropriate 'mushroom skeleton' the seismic performance of buildings is upgraded to mostly IO level, while all of the conventional buildings experience collapse prevention (CP) level or beyond. The strong-skeleton buildings mostly present IO performance level as well, however, their base shear and absolute acceleration responses are much higher than the mushroom buildings.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.499-507
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• 2024

The paper delves into an emerging paradigm shift in architectural design, focusing on the development of a cutting-edge methodological framework for the artistic enhancement of nanocomposite brick facades in building construction. This innovative approach represents a fusion of art and science, harnessing the potential of advanced nanotechnology to redefine the aesthetic and functional properties of building exteriors. Central to this new methodology is the integration of state-of-the-art materials and fabrication techniques, aimed at not only elevating the visual appeal of architectural structures but also enhancing their structural robustness and environmental sustainability. By leveraging the unique characteristics of nanocomposite materials, the proposed method opens up new possibilities for pushing the boundaries of traditional brick facade design. Through a meticulous exploration of the intricacies involved in implementing this novel approach, the paper elucidates the transformative impact it can have on the architectural landscape. By marrying creativity with technical precision, the method environment for art design of nanocomposite brick facades promises to usher in a new era of sustainable, visually captivating, and structurally resilient building facades that are poised to redefine the very essence of architectural aesthetics.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2021

Purpose - This study examines the awareness regarding the symptoms of COVID-19 exposures and safety distances strategies whether they were useful to resile the businesses a mid of the pandemic. Besides exploring the awareness and safety distances, the effectiveness of offering free use of protective equipment (mask, hand sanitizer, frequent hand washing, etc.) to the customers for visiting the business centers was also examined. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 264 survey data in Bangladesh which is one of the most densely populated country and very vulnerable for COVID-19 due to its socio-economic condition. The multiple regression analysis is used to analyze the data. Findings - The findings of the study indicate that the awareness about the symptoms of virus exposures (cough, fever, diarrhea, and weakness) has significant affirmative effects to enhance the public movement for business purposes with the lower possibility to be affected by the virus. The study also indicates that safety distances and protective equipment can mediate the significant positive relationship between the awareness of the disease and the businesses' resilient capacity. Research implications or Originality - COVID-19, as an apprehensive health issue in the current world, has sharpened the uncertainty of the businesses. One essential technique as lockdown, has been followed by almost every country to protect the transmission of the virus even though the scholars criticized it due to the substantial adverse effects on the country's economy. Under this circumstances, this study provides implications to the relevant businesses by assessing the nexus between the safety distances and the proper uses of protective equipment with the business resilient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2009

Partial safety factors(PSFs) for Level I reliability based design of caisson type quay walls were calculated. First order reliability method(FORM) based PSFs are the functions of sensitivities of limit state function with respect to design random variables, target reliability index, characteristic values and first moment of random variables. Modified PSFs for water level and resilient water level are newly defined to keep consistency with the current design code. In the numerical example, PSFs were calculated by using a target reliability index. Seismic coefficient is defined to show extreme distribution. It was found that PSFs for seismic coefficient becomes smaller as the return period for design seismic coefficient grows longer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.44-58
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• 2018

Cities face new challenges not only in natural disasters by climate change but also in social and economic fluctuations. With the existing simple reconstruction method, it is difficult to solve the overall problems that a city or region may face. As a new approach to cope with various changes, the concept of resilience is emerging. Resilience is also one of the themes of recent major urban design projects. Design with the concept of resilience is a new strategy that can deal with various changes of urban space, rather than a temporary trend. The purpose of this paper is to explore the design method by analyzing cases where the concept of resilience is employed. We aim to examine what kind of design strategies are needed for the resilience design and how this design process differ in character, as compared to general design projects. Cases for this study include the "Rebuild by Design" competition held in 2013 and the "Resilient by Design/Bay Area Challenge" competition held in 2017. This paper consists of literature reviews and case studies. The latter is divided into two aspects: content analysis based on the theory of resilience and characteristics of the design process. Cases are analyzed through literature reviews and process characteristics of resilience design in response to the general design process. The main categories for urban resilience used as the framework for analysis include: Urban Infrastructure, Social Dynamics, Economic Dynamics, Health and Wellbeing, Governance Networks, and Planning and Institutions. As a result, the aspects of resilience concepts considered and design strategies undertaken by each team were identified. Each team tried to connect all 6 categories to their design strategies, placing special value on the role of governance, a system that enables collaborative design and project persistency. In terms of the design process, the following characteristics were found: planning the whole project process in the pre-project phase, analyzing predictable socioeconomic risk factors in addition to physical vulnerabilities, aiming for landscape-oriented integrated design, and sustainable implementation strategies with specific operations and budget plans. This paper is meaningful to connect the concept of resilience, which has been discussed in various articles, to design strategy, and to explore the possibility of constructing a practical methodology by deriving the characteristics of the resilience design process. It remains a future task to research design strategies that apply the concept of resilience to various types of urban spaces, in addition to areas that are vulnerable to disasters.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.211-227
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• 2023

Purpose In the contemporary landscape, marked by the enduring impact of COVID-19 and the recent disruptions stemming from the conflict in Ukraine, the purpose of this study is to navigate the era characterized by pervasive risk and uncertainty. Specifically, the study aims to dissect the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on digital transformation, exploring the factors influencing this process and considering the multifaceted dynamics at play. The focus extends to the post-COVID-19 landscape, scrutinizing the implications and meanings of digital transformation both before and after the pandemic. Additionally, the study delves into future digital trends, with particular attention to climate and environmental issues, emphasizing corporate responsibilities in averting crises similar to COVID-19. The overarching goal is to provide a holistic perspective, shedding light on both positive and negative facets of digital transformation, and advocating for regulatory enhancements and legal frameworks conducive to a balanced and resilient digital future. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on digital transformation. It considers various facets, such as smart devices reshaping daily routines, transformative changes in corporate ecosystems, and the adaptation of government institutions to the digital era within the broader context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The analysis extends to the post-COVID-19 landscape, examining the implications and meanings of digital transformation. Future digital trends, especially those related to climate and environmental issues, are prognosticated. The methodology involves a proactive exploration of challenges associated with digital transformation, aiming to advocate for regulatory enhancements and legal frameworks that contribute to a balanced and resilient digital future. Findings The findings of this study reveal that the digital economy has gained momentum, accelerated by the proliferation of non-face-to-face industries in response to social distancing imperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation, both preceding and succeeding the onset of the pandemic, has precipitated noteworthy shifts in various aspects of daily life. However, challenges persist, and the study highlights factors that either bolster or hinder the transformative process. In the post-COVID-19 era, corporate responsibilities in averting crises, particularly those resembling the pandemic, take center stage. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic perspective, acknowledging both positive and negative facets of digital transformation. Additionally, it calls for proactive measures, including regulatory enhancements and legal frameworks, to ensure a balanced and resilient digital future.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.395-403
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• 2007

Railroad track consists of relatively simple structures such as rail, sleeper, ballast. Roadbed shares vertical pressure by train load which passed through rail to ballast as base that supports the track. For evaluating stress and displacement of roadbed due to the railroad load is an important role on the track as a basic data for estimation of the durability and design of the roadbed thickness. GEOTRACK program applied multi-layered theory was developed for analyzing railroad track structure. GEOTRACK program is a sort of numerical analysis program which has advantage that can analysis component of track by simple method. In this study, this program was used to preform the numerical analysis by changing track conditions and roadbed conditions such as tie, reinforced roadbed, dynamic wheel load, Resilient modulus and so on. Further detail will be presented on the paper.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2018

It has become ever harder to design reliable circuits with each nanometer technology node; under normal operation conditions, a transistor device can be affected by various aging effects resulting in performance degradation and eventually design failure. The reliability (aging) effect has traditionally been the area of process engineers. However, in the future, even the smallest of variations can slow down a transistor's switching speed, and an aging device may not perform adequately at a very low voltage. Therefore, circuit designers need to consider these reliability effects in the early stages of design to make sure there are enough margins for circuits to function correctly over their entire lifetime. However, such an approach excessively increases the size and power dissipation of a system. As the impact of reliability, new techniques in designing aging-resilient circuits are necessary to reduce the impact of the aging stresses on performance, power, and yield or to predict the failure of a system. Therefore, in this paper, a novel low power on-chip self-tuning circuit considering the aging effects has been proposed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.286-291
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• 2000

The finite element analyses of mechanical rubber components are executed to predict the behavior of deformation and stress distribution in destgn step. The non-linear properties of rubber which are described as strain energy functions are important parameters to design and evaluate rubber components. These are determined by material tests which are tension, compression and shear test. The behaviors of loads-displacements of rubber components such as a roll tubber spring and resilient ring and additional spring for railway suspension system are evaluated by using commercial FEA code. It is shown that the results by FEA simulations are in close agreement with the test results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.265-272
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• 1998

In this paper, the intoner noise reduction for subway railroad vehicles was studied by improving transmission loss of carbody panels and side doors, and on-line tests were conducted to examine the exterior noise levels at various running conditions. Also the transmission loss for design candidates of the carbody specimen was measured in two reverberation rooms. From the results of the tests, side door gap is the most dominant factor affecting the Interior noise level of subway railroad cars with a sliding typed side door. The next one is revealed to transmission loss of a floor panel. To improve the transmission loss of the carbody, many activities were conducted such as, treatment of resilient and sound-absorbing materials and reducing the gap of the side door by adopting a brush and rubber, etc. The estimated interior noise level for modified car which is designed with improved carbody panels is lower than original car by about 5㏈.